全球单片微波 IC 市场规模:组件、技术、频段、最终用户、区域预测(2022-2028 年)
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1090009

全球单片微波 IC 市场规模:组件、技术、频段、最终用户、区域预测(2022-2028 年)

Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Size study, By Component, By Technology, By Frequency Band, By End-Use, and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

出版日期: | 出版商: Bizwit Research & Consulting LLP | 英文 | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格

2021 年全球单片微波 IC 市场将达到约 86.7 亿美元,预计在 2022 年至 2028 年的预测期内将以超过 11.9% 的有利增长率增长。

智慧手机行业对MMIC(单片微波IC)需求的快速增长、E频段的采用增加、下一代战争技术的使用增加、国防领域的支出增加以加强防御等因素库存。它极大地支持了全球市场的增长。然而,MMIC 的高开发成本预计将在 2022 年至 2028 年的预测期内阻碍市场增长。此外,5G 技术的不断发展以及空间和国防领域对无线通信的日益增长的需求预计将在预测期内推动市场需求。

本报告对全球单片微波 IC 市场进行研究和分析,并提供市场趋势、竞争状况、按细分市场/地区划分的市场分析以及主要公司概况等系统资讯。

目录

第 1 章执行摘要

第 2 章全球单片微波IC市场的定义和范围

第 3 章世界单片微波IC市场动态

  • 单片微波IC市场影响分析(2020-2028)

第 4 章世界单片微波IC市场行业分析

  • 波特五力模型
  • PEST 分析
  • 投资采用模式
  • 分析师建议和结论
  • 主要投资机会
  • 关键成功策略

第 5 章风险评估:COVID-19 的影响

    • 评估 COVID-19 对行业的整体影响
    • COVID-19 前后的市场情景

第 6 章全球单片微波 IC 市场:按组件分类

  • 市场快照
  • 市场表现/潜力分析:按组件
  • 市场估计和预测:按组件(2018-2028 年)
  • 细分分析
    • 功放
    • 低噪声放大器
    • 衰减器
    • 开关
    • 混音器
    • 压控振盪器
    • 倍频器
    • 其他

第 7 章全球单片微波 IC 市场:按技术分类

  • 市场快照
  • 市场表现/潜力分析:按技术
  • 市场估计和预测:按技术(2018-2028 年)
  • 细分分析
    • 金属-半导体场效应晶体管
    • 高电子迁移率晶体管
    • 赝晶高电子迁移率晶体管
    • 增强型赝晶高电子迁移率晶体管

第 8 章全球单片微波 IC 市场:按频段分类

  • 市场快照
  • 市场表现/潜力分析:按频段
  • 市场估计和预测:按频段(2018-2028 年)
  • 细分分析
    • L带
    • S带
    • C带
    • 其他

第 9 章全球单片微波 IC 市场:按最终用户分类

  • 市场快照
  • 市场表现/潜力分析:按最终用户
  • 市场估计和预测:按最终用户分类 (2018-2028)
  • 细分分析
    • 家用电器
    • 航空航天/国防
    • 其他

第 10 章全球单片微波IC市场:区域分析

  • 区域市场概况
  • 北美
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
  • 欧洲
    • 英国
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 西班牙
    • 义大利
    • 其他欧洲
  • 亚太地区
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳大利亚
    • 韩国
    • 其他亚太地区
  • 拉丁美洲
    • 巴西
    • 墨西哥
  • 其他领域

第 11 章竞争资讯

  • 主要市场策略
  • 公司简介
    • Analog Devices, Inc.
    • NXP Semiconductors N.V.
    • MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.
    • Qorvo, Inc.
    • Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
    • Infineon Technologies AG
    • OMMIC
    • WIN Semiconductors Corp.
    • United Monolithic Semiconductors(UMS)
    • ON Semiconductor Corporation

第 12 章调查过程

Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market is valued at approximately USD 8.67 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 11.9% over the forecast period 2022-2028. A monolithic microwave integrated circuit or MMIC is a type of incorporated circuit device that operates at microwave frequencies. This device is adopted to efficiently carry out functions like high-frequency switching, microwave mixing, low-noise amplification, and power amplification. Factors such as the surging demand for MMICs from the smartphone industry, growing adoption of the E frequency band, increasing use of next-generation warfare techniques, and rising spending in the defense sector to upgrade defense inventories are majorly driving the growth of the global market. For instance, as per a Statista report, in 2021, the total number of smartphone subscriptions accounted for around 6,269 million subscriptions around the world and the figure is continuously growing and anticipated to reach nearly 7,690 million subscriptions by the year 2027. Therefore, the rapid proliferation of the smartphone is directly influencing the demand for the monolithic microwave IC, which, in turn, accelerates market growth across the globe. However, the high development costs of MMICs impede the growth of the market over the forecast period of 2022-2028. Also, the rising evolution of 5G technology and the growing need for wireless communication in the space and defense sector are anticipated to act as catalyzing factors for the market demand during the forecast period.

The key regions considered for the global Monolithic Microwave IC Market study include Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Rest of the World. Asia-Pacific is the leading region across the world in terms of market share owing to the surging adoption rate of smartphones and rising shift toward high-speed mobile technologies. Whereas, Asia-Pacific is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR over the forecast period 2022-2028. Factors such as the increasing expenditure on infrastructural development, as well as the rising utilization of mobile services such as social media, video, e-commerce, and financial services, would create lucrative growth prospects for the Monolithic Microwave IC Market across the Asia-Pacific region.

Major market players included in this report are:

Analog Devices, Inc.

NXP Semiconductors N.V.

MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.

Qorvo, Inc.

Skyworks Solutions, Inc.

Infineon Technologies AG

OMMIC

WIN Semiconductors Corp.

United Monolithic Semiconductors (UMS)

ON Semiconductor Corporation

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming eight years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within each of the regions and countries involved in the study. Furthermore, the report also caters the detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, the report shall also incorporate available opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:

By Component:

Power Amplifiers

LNA

Attenuators

Switches

Mixers

Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

Frequency Multipliers

Others

By Technology:

Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

High Electron Mobility Transistor

Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor

Enhancement-Mode Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor

By Frequency Band:

L Band

S Band

C Band

Others

By End-Use:

Consumer Electronics

Automotive

Aerospace & Defense

Others

By Region:

North America

U.S.

Canada

Europe

UK

Germany

France

Spain

Italy

ROE

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

South Korea

RoAPAC

Latin America

Brazil

Mexico

Rest of the World

Furthermore, years considered for the study are as follows:

Historical year - 2018, 2019, 2020

Base year - 2021

Forecast period - 2022 to 2028

Target Audience of the Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market in Market Study:

Key Consulting Companies & Advisors

Large, medium-sized, and small enterprises

Venture capitalists

Value-Added Resellers (VARs)

Third-party knowledge providers

Investment bankers

Investors

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Market Snapshot
  • 1.2. Global & Segmental Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
    • 1.2.1. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Region, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
    • 1.2.2. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Component, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
    • 1.2.3. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Technology, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
    • 1.2.4. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Frequency Band, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
    • 1.2.5. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by End-use, 2020-2028 (USD Billion)
  • 1.3. Key Trends
  • 1.4. Estimation Methodology
  • 1.5. Research Assumption

Chapter 2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Definition and Scope

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Market Definition & Scope
    • 2.2.1. Scope of the Study
    • 2.2.2. Industry Evolution
  • 2.3. Years Considered for the Study
  • 2.4. Currency Conversion Rates

Chapter 3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Dynamics

  • 3.1. Monolithic Microwave IC Market Impact Analysis (2020-2028)
    • 3.1.1. Market Drivers
      • 3.1.1.1. Surging demand for MMICs from smartphone industry
      • 3.1.1.2. Growing adoption of E frequency band
      • 3.1.1.3. Increasing use of next-generation warfare techniques
    • 3.1.2. Market Challenges
      • 3.1.2.1. High development costs of MMICs
    • 3.1.3. Market Opportunities
      • 3.1.3.1. Rising evolution of 5G technology
      • 3.1.3.2. Growing need for wireless communication in space and defense sector

Chapter 4. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Industry Analysis

  • 4.1. Porter's 5 Force Model
    • 4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
    • 4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
    • 4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
    • 4.1.6. Futuristic Approach to Porter's 5 Force Model (2018-2028)
  • 4.2. PEST Analysis
    • 4.2.1. Political
    • 4.2.2. Economical
    • 4.2.3. Social
    • 4.2.4. Technological
  • 4.3. Investment Adoption Model
  • 4.4. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
  • 4.5. Top investment opportunity
  • 4.6. Top winning strategies

Chapter 5. Risk Assessment: COVID-19 Impact

    • 5.1.1. Assessment of the overall impact of COVID-19 on the industry
    • 5.1.2. Pre COVID-19 and post COVID-19 market scenario

Chapter 6. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Component

  • 6.1. Market Snapshot
  • 6.2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by Component, Performance - Potential Analysis
  • 6.3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Estimates & Forecasts by Component, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • 6.4. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Sub Segment Analysis
    • 6.4.1. Power Amplifiers
    • 6.4.2. LNA
    • 6.4.3. Attenuators
    • 6.4.4. Switches
    • 6.4.5. Mixers
    • 6.4.6. Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
    • 6.4.7. Frequency Multipliers
    • 6.4.8. Others

Chapter 7. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Technology

  • 7.1. Market Snapshot
  • 7.2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by Technology, Performance - Potential Analysis
  • 7.3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Estimates & Forecasts by Technology, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • 7.4. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Sub Segment Analysis
    • 7.4.1. Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
    • 7.4.2. High Electron Mobility Transistor
    • 7.4.3. Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor
    • 7.4.4. Enhancement-Mode Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor

Chapter 8. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by Frequency Band

  • 8.1. Market Snapshot
  • 8.2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by Frequency Band, Performance - Potential Analysis
  • 8.3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Estimates & Forecasts by Frequency Band, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • 8.4. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Sub Segment Analysis
    • 8.4.1. L Band
    • 8.4.2. S Band
    • 8.4.3. C Band
    • 8.4.4. Others

Chapter 9. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, by End-use

  • 9.1. Market Snapshot
  • 9.2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by End-use, Performance - Potential Analysis
  • 9.3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market Estimates & Forecasts by End-use, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • 9.4. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Sub Segment Analysis
    • 9.4.1. Consumer Electronics
    • 9.4.2. Automotive
    • 9.4.3. Aerospace & Defense
    • 9.4.4. Others

Chapter 10. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Regional Analysis

  • 10.1. Monolithic Microwave IC Market, Regional Market Snapshot
  • 10.2. North America Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.2.1. U.S. Monolithic Microwave IC Market
      • 10.2.1.1. Component breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028
      • 10.2.1.2. Technology breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028
      • 10.2.1.3. Frequency Band breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028
      • 10.2.1.4. End-use breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028
    • 10.2.2. Canada Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • 10.3. Europe Monolithic Microwave IC Market Snapshot
    • 10.3.1. U.K. Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.3.2. Germany Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.3.3. France Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.3.4. Spain Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.3.5. Italy Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.3.6. Rest of Europe Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • 10.4. Asia-Pacific Monolithic Microwave IC Market Snapshot
    • 10.4.1. China Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.4.2. India Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.4.3. Japan Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.4.4. Australia Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.4.5. South Korea Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.4.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • 10.5. Latin America Monolithic Microwave IC Market Snapshot
    • 10.5.1. Brazil Monolithic Microwave IC Market
    • 10.5.2. Mexico Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • 10.6. Rest of The World Monolithic Microwave IC Market

Chapter 11. Competitive Intelligence

  • 11.1. Top Market Strategies
  • 11.2. Company Profiles
    • 11.2.1. Analog Devices, Inc.
      • 11.2.1.1. Key Information
      • 11.2.1.2. Overview
      • 11.2.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
      • 11.2.1.4. Product Summary
      • 11.2.1.5. Recent Developments
    • 11.2.2. NXP Semiconductors N.V.
    • 11.2.3. MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.
    • 11.2.4. Qorvo, Inc.
    • 11.2.5. Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
    • 11.2.6. Infineon Technologies AG
    • 11.2.7. OMMIC
    • 11.2.8. WIN Semiconductors Corp.
    • 11.2.9. United Monolithic Semiconductors (UMS)
    • 11.2.10. ON Semiconductor Corporation

Chapter 12. Research Process

  • 12.1. Research Process
    • 12.1.1. Data Mining
    • 12.1.2. Analysis
    • 12.1.3. Market Estimation
    • 12.1.4. Validation
    • 12.1.5. Publishing
  • 12.2. Research Attributes
  • 12.3. Research Assumption

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, report scope
  • TABLE 2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by Region 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 3. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by Component 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 4. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by Technology 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 5. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by Frequency Band 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 6. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by End-use 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 7. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 8. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 9. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 10. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 11. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 12. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 13. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 14. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 15. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 16. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 17. U.S. Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 18. U.S. Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 19. U.S. Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 20. Canada Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 21. Canada Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 22. Canada Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 23. UK Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 24. UK Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 25. UK Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 26. Germany Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 27. Germany Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 28. Germany Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 29. RoE Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 30. RoE Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 31. RoE Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 32. China Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 33. China Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 34. China Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 35. India Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 36. India Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 37. India Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 38. Japan Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 39. Japan Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 40. Japan Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 41. RoAPAC Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 42. RoAPAC Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 43. RoAPAC Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 44. Brazil Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 45. Brazil Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 46. Brazil Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 47. Mexico Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 48. Mexico Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 49. Mexico Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 50. RoLA Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 51. RoLA Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 52. RoLA Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 53. Row Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts, 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 54. Row Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 55. Row Monolithic Microwave IC Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2018-2028 (USD Billion)
  • TABLE 56. List of secondary sources, used in the study of global Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • TABLE 57. List of primary sources, used in the study of global Monolithic Microwave IC Market
  • TABLE 58. Years considered for the study
  • TABLE 59. Exchange rates considered

LIST OF FIGURES

List of figures

  • FIG 1. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, research methodology
  • FIG 2. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, market estimation techniques
  • FIG 3. Global market size estimates & forecast methods
  • FIG 4. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, key trends 2021
  • FIG 5. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, growth prospects 2022-2028
  • FIG 6. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, porters 5 force model
  • FIG 7. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, pest analysis
  • FIG 8. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, value chain analysis
  • FIG 9. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 10. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 11. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 12. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 13. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market by segment, 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 14. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, regional snapshot 2018 & 2028
  • FIG 15. North America Monolithic Microwave IC Market 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 16. Europe Monolithic Microwave IC Market 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 17. Asia Pacific Monolithic Microwave IC market 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 18. Latin America Monolithic Microwave IC Market 2018 & 2028 (USD Billion)
  • FIG 19. Global Monolithic Microwave IC Market, company market share analysis (2021)