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2022-2029 年绿色氢全球市场Global Green Hydrogen Market - 2022-2029 |
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在预测期内(2022-2029 年),全球绿色氢市场预计将以 20.9% 的复合年增长率增长,实现显着增长。
电解使用电流将水中的氢气与氧气分离,是生产绿色氢气的众多技术之一。沼气还可以通过氢分离、水煤气变换反应和沼气重整等多步过程转化为绿色氢作为可持续资源。绿色氢气具有显着减少温室气体排放的潜力,因为它具有普遍性、轻质性和高反应性。它还可以通过在钢铁和化工等行业以及航运和运输等行业中用作燃料和原材料来促进脱碳。绿氢还可以替代化石燃料发电和储存可再生能源。燃气轮机还可以使用绿色氢和氨来控制电力需求和供应的波动。
绿色氢在交通行业的使用越来越多,是全球绿色氢市场的主要推动力。然而,与製造工艺、运输和储存相关的限制可能是市场的主要製约因素。
绿色氢气因其众多的环境效益而被广泛应用于交通运输行业,例如减少城市地区的空气污染和减少大气中的二氧化碳排放。交通运输业造成近 25% 的温室气体排放和城市空气污染。绿色氢能在交通领域替代化石燃料,有望成为高能效脱碳系统的一种途径。
世界正准备改变其工作方式以实现净零排放目标。在交通领域,直接在燃料电池和内燃机中使用氢的车辆的开发正在取得进展。氢动力叉车已经问世,并正在欧洲、亚洲和北美的一些行业中使用。
特别是在亚太地区、北美和欧洲,由于配备燃料电池的电动汽车和公共汽车的普及,对绿色氢的需求正在迅速增加。为了供应氢燃料电池汽车,到 2030 年,欧盟 (EU) 将拥有约 5,000 个加氢站,总容量约为 2,615,000 吨绿色氢。
自 2017 年以来,美国每年在氢燃料基础设施和开发方面投入 1.5 亿美元。此外,欧洲和亚洲政府每年投资超过 20 亿美元用于氢燃料生产。
中国已承诺到 2023 年将在氢动力交通领域投资超过 2170 亿美元。印度科技部高级顾问表示,向绿色氢能和电动汽车过渡对于印度到 2070 年实现碳中和至关重要。交通是实现这一目标的一个领域。
使製造过程在经济上和商业上可行是最困难的挑战。包括印度在内的许多国家已经宣布了国家氢计划,但这种燃料将如何大规模商业化仍有待确定,因为电解等许多製造工艺仍处于测试阶段。
此外,平均而言,最初生产绿色氢比灰色氢更昂贵。缺乏存储和运输基础设施使这一挑战更加困难。由于建造工厂的固定成本只有一半,绿色氢的运输仍然是一个财务和安全问题。管理层必须处理战略交通规划范围内两种不同类型的不确定性。首先,历史数据的匮乏导致无法自信地预测模型的许多参数值。
此外,由于此类网络设计挑战的复杂性,管理者和决策者无法指定特定的模型约束。儘管绿色氢供应链中的约束灵活性具有相关性,但尚无研究人员研究它们如何影响模型製定。这种不确定性会极大地影响结果的可靠性,显着影响运输网络的响应能力,并增加客户对需求的反感。
对绿色氢气的需求源于全球氢动力燃料电池汽车的投放和销售量的快速增长。例如,2020 年 6 月 12 日氢燃料电池汽车,H2X Australia 计划推出和生产各种氢燃料电池汽车 (FCEV),从搬运车到拖拉机和汽车等重型车辆。由于金属、玻璃和製药等多个製造业拥有充足的氢燃料供应,目前对绿色氢气的需求稳定。
由于新型氢动力汽车的推出和加氢站需求的激增,对氢作为燃料的需求正在增加。例如,2020年11月27日,澳大利亚电力公司Origin Energy计划在澳大利亚安装约300MW的氢电解槽和双电池,以加速制氢。随着多家领先企业投资与氢相关的项目,预计需求将增加。制定直接激励氢技术投资政策的国家数量正在增加,目标行业的数量也在增加。目前有大约 50 个直接支持氢能的目标、任务和政策激励措施,其中大部分侧重于运输。
例如,2020 年 10 月 23 日,澳大利亚堪培拉政府授予亚洲可再生能源中心 (AREH) 一项价值 360 亿美元的项目,以快速推进大型氢能和可再生能源项目。因此,亚太地区对氢电解槽的需求目前正在稳定,主要公司和政府部门对氢技术的大型投资和项目激增。在 COVID-19 流行期间,由于氢气需求不足,绿色氢气的价格结构略有下降。澳大利亚政府计划通过大力投资氢相关技术的基础设施来降低氢生产的总体成本。截至 2019 年,使用 Enapter 的氢电解槽生产氢气的成本低于 7.6 美元,该公司的目标是从 2020 年到 2030 年将成本降低约 1.60 美元/公斤。
政府对氢技术的支持和承诺也可能会降低制氢成本。
The Global Green Hydrogen Market reached US$ XX million in 2021 and is expected to record significant growth by reaching up to US$ XX million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 20.9% during the forecast period (2022-2029).
Electrolysis, which divides hydrogen from oxygen in water using an electrical current, is one of many technologies that create green hydrogen. In addition, biogas can be converted into green hydrogen as a sustainable resource by using a multistep process that includes hydrogen separation, water-gas-shift reaction and biogas reforming. Green hydrogen is universal, light, highly reactive and has the potential to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. Green hydrogen may also aid in decarbonizing industries like steel and chemicals and businesses like shipping and transportation, where it may be used as a fuel and raw material. Green hydrogen could also generate electricity instead of fossil fuels and store renewable energy. Gas turbines could also use green hydrogen and ammonia to control power demand and supply variations.
The Increasing usage of green hydrogen in the transportation industry is a major global green hydrogen market driver. However, The limitations associated with manufacturing processes, transportation and storage could be a major market restraint.
Due to its numerous environmental advantages, such as reducing air pollution in urban areas and overall carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, green hydrogen is widely used in transportation. The transportation industry is responsible for almost 25% of greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. Green hydrogen, which can replace fossil fuels in the mobility sector, is a promising approach to an energy-efficient and decarbonized system.
The world is getting ready to change how it moves toward net zero-emission goals. The transportation sector is developing vehicles that use hydrogen directly in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. Forklifts powered by hydrogen have already been created and used in a few industries throughout Europe, Asia and North America.
The demand for green hydrogen is soaring due to the popularity of fuel cell-based electric cars and buses, particularly in APAC, North America and Europe. To supply hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the European Union (EU) would have about 5,000 hydrogen fueling stations with a combined capacity of roughly 2,615,000 Tons of green hydrogen by 2030.
Since 2017, U.S. has invested US$ 150 Million annually in the infrastructure and development of hydrogen fuel. Additionally, more than US$ 2 Billion is annually invested in hydrogen fuel production by governments in Europe and Asia.
China has pledged to invest over US$ 217 Billion in hydrogen-powered transportation through 2023. The transition to green hydrogen and electric vehicles will be crucial for India to achieve carbon neutrality by 2070, according to a senior advisor with the Indian Department of Science and Technology. Transportation is one of the areas where this will be the case.
Making the manufacturing process economically and commercially viable is the most challenging aspect of the process. Although many countries, including India, have announced national hydrogen programs, they have not yet decided how the fuel will be commercialized on a large scale because many production processes, like electrolysis, are still in the pilot stage.
Additionally, it is more expensive to produce green hydrogen initially than grey hydrogen on average. The challenge is made more difficult by the lack of infrastructure for storage and transportation. The fixed cost of building the plant is only half the battle; there are still financial and security issues with transporting green hydrogen. Management must deal with two different types of uncertainties in the strategic transportation planning horizon. First and foremost, it was impossible to confidently predict the value of the model's numerous parameters due to the dearth of historical data.
Furthermore, management and decision-makers cannot specify the specific restrictions of the models due to the complexity of such network design challenges. Despite the flexibility of the restrictions in green hydrogen supply chains being relevant, no researchers have yet examined how they might affect model formulation. Such uncertainties could significantly affect the dependability of the results, have the potential to significantly affect the responsiveness of the transportation network and increase client demand resentment.
The demand for green hydrogen gas is driven by the surge in launching and selling hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles globally. For instance, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on 12th June 2020, H2X Australia launched and planned to produce a wide range of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs), including movers to heavy-duty vehicles such as tractors and cars, among others. Currently, the green hydrogen gas demand is stable as several manufacturing industries related to metal, glass and pharmaceuticals, among others, have a sufficient supply of hydrogen as fuel
The demand for hydrogen as a fuel is increasing due to the launching of new hydrogen-based vehicles with a surge in demand for hydrogen fuel stations. For instance, on 27th Nov 2020, origin Energy, an Australian power provider, planned to accelerate hydrogen production by installing around 300 MW of hydrogen electrolyzers and bi batteries in Australia. Thus demand is set to increase as several leading players invest in the hydrogen-related project. The number of countries with policies that directly encourage investment in hydrogen technologies is growing, as is the number of industries targeted. Today, approximately 50 targets, mandates and policy incentives are in place that directly supports hydrogen, with the majority focusing on transportation.
For instance, on 23rd October 2020, Canberra Australian government awarded a US$ 36 billion project to Asian Renewable Energy Hub (AREH) to fast-track mega hydrogen and renewable energy projects. Thus currently, the demand for the hydrogen electrolyzer in Asia-Pacific remained stable with the surge in the mega investments and projects for hydrogen technologies by the leading players and government authorities. The pricing structure of green hydrogen gas amid the COVID-19 pandemic slightly declined due to a lack of demand for hydrogen. The government of Australia is planning to reduce the total cost of hydrogen production by allocating huge investments for infrastructure development of hydrogen-related technologies. The hydrogen production cost with the hydrogen electrolyzer is less than US$ 7.6 as per the Enapter company hydrogen electrolyzer as of 2019 and the company aims to reduce the cost between 2020 and 2030 by around US$ 1.60 per Kg.
Also, government support and initiatives for hydrogen technologies may decline the cost of hydrogen production. For instance, the government of Australia launched National Hydrogen Strategy in 2019, which aims to reduce the hydrogen production cost from under US$ 1.48 which is under A$ 2 per kg.
The global green hydrogen market is classified based on technology, renewable sources, application, end-user and region.
Increasing launching of advanced technology offering cost-effectiveness with compact-size alkaline platforms that provide customized indoor hydrogen solutions for any application, with the required configuration and size
The alkaline electrolyzer uses potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solutions as an electrolyte for hydrogen production. The alkaline electrolyzer consists of the two electrodes inserted in the electrolyte solutions in which chemical reactions occur after a sufficient voltage is supplied. The response separates water molecules into OH- ions and an H2 molecule at the anode and cathode, respectively.
The demand for the alkaline electrolyzer is driven by the increasing launching of advanced technology offering cost-effectiveness with compact-size alkaline platforms that provide customized indoor hydrogen solutions for any application, with the required configuration and size. For instance, on July 11, 2019, Nel ASA launched an A1000 alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer. It is a medium-scale electrolyzer with a capacity of around 2 Tons/day of hydrogen production. The alkaline A1000 hydrogen electrolyzer is built for industry-leading A-Range atmospheric alkaline platforms. The size ranges from 600 to 970 Nm3/hr with the flexibility to scale per customer demand.
Further increasing government initiatives, support and funding for developing hydrogen production electrolyzers and a surge in development projects have propelled the alkaline electrolyzer market. For instance, on April 17, 2020, the Asahi Kasei electrolysis system started the world's largest 10 MW alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer to supply hydrogen in Japan's Ashima hydrogen energy research field. The system was installed at Namie, Futaba, Fukushima hydrogen energy research field as a technological development project of Nado Japan's new energy industrial technology development organization. The alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer can produce 1200 Nm3 per hour of hydrogen.
In addition, the alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer in developing countries is increasing due to the lack of fossil fuels and rising government investment in renewable energy projects to minimize the import of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, among others. For instance, in 2016, the Japanese imports of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and liquefied natural gases, increased by around 89%, making Japan the world's third-largest importer of coal. It created a massive demand for this region's hydrogen alkaline electrolyzer market.
Further, leading manufacturers launching and developing hydrogen electrolyzers, coupled with government support and funding, have created a massive demand for the Alkaline electrolyzer market's growth globally.
For instance, in July 2021, Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Corporation strengthened their efforts to usher in a global hydrogen society through affordable clean hydrogen production by signing a memorandum of understanding with Next Hydrogen Corporation, a Canadian business specializing in water electrolysis technology subsidiary of Next Hydrogen Solutions Inc. According to the agreement, the businesses will work together to create an alkaline water electrolysis system1 and its associated stack to generate green hydrogen economically and investigate the new business and technological potential.
In December 2021, ABB signed an order with HydrogenPro, a Norway-based hydrogen plant company, to provide electrical equipment for the world's largest single-stack high-pressure alkaline electrolyzer. The system generates hydrogen by using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When fully operational in 2022, the system will be able to produce 1,100 normal cubic meters of green hydrogen per hour (Nm3/h) at a specially constructed test site in Herya, Norway.
U.S. produces about 11.4 Million Tons of hydrogen annually, primarily for fertilizer and chemical products and the refining of fossil fuels. U.S. Gulf Coast region has the infrastructure needed to handle this production. However, most of it is "grey hydrogen," produced in plants using a method that releases carbon dioxide from natural gas. To dramatically reduce the CO2 emissions, which would then produce what is known as blue hydrogen, some fossil fuel and manufacturing gas companies have suggested installing carbon capture and storage systems in these plants. However, proponents of clean energy and climate change worry that the blue hydrogen route could extend the use of natural gas, which, when released into the atmosphere, is a powerful greenhouse gas.
A zero-carbon substitute would be green hydrogen, produced using renewable electricity to power electrolyzers that split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. In challenging-to-decarbonize industries like steel and cement, shipping and aviation, it might take the place of fossil fuels. The North America green hydrogen market has witnessed enormous growth since 2019 and is expected to propel exponentially due to government and private investments, growing awareness and green hydrogen's eco-friendly nature. Suppose the plans of a group of former natural-gas storage developers and a significant Canadian energy infrastructure developer go accordingly. In that case, U.S. could see its biggest green hydrogen hub far up and running by 2025. Thyssenkrupp, a German conglomerate, has signed EPC contracts to construct what it claims will be record-size industrial facilities in North America for producing green hydrogen.
Further, Hy Stor Energy announced in October 2021 that it plans to construct a green hydrogen generation and processing plant that could match the size of similar European projects. The initial stage of the project could produce 110,000 Tons of green hydrogen annually and store more than 70,000 Tons of it in salt caverns beneath the ground by 2025.
The global green hydrogen market is growing swiftly and is becoming increasingly competitive due to the presence of major players such as Siemens Energy AG, Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, Linde AG, Air Liquide, Nel ASA, Cummins Inc., Air Products Inc, H&R GROUP, Nation Synergy Hydrogen and Hamburg. The market is fragmented and market players employ market tactics such as mergers, acquisitions, product launches, contributions and collaborations to gain a competitive advantage and recognition.
Overview: Siemens energy global is engaged in advanced technology providers which thrive on supporting a sustainable world. The company's portfolio of solutions, products and services includes power generation, energy technologies, decarbonization, industrial applications, power transmission, green hydrogen production, energy storage systems and renewable energy technologies.
The company exists in more than 90 countries located. The energy technology portfolio includes hybrid power plants operated with hydrogen, gas and steam turbines and power generators & transformers. On October 27, 2020, Siemens Gas and Power changed its name and business address to Siemens Energy Global.
The global green hydrogen market report would provide approximately 69 tables, 72 figures and almost 282 pages.
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