Product Code: ANV2501
REPORT HIGHLIGHT
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market size was valued at USD 4,356.23 Million in 2023, expanding at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2024 to 2032.
An apparatus for medical equipment might have a synthetic material layer called polymer coating on its surface. These coatings provide many functions, including lubrication improvement, medication administration, corrosion prevention, biocompatibility enhancement, and friction reduction during insertion or implantation.
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- Market Dynamics
Increasing collaboration drives market growth
The growing collaboration is expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period. For instance, in July 2023, the acquisition of Chempilots, a European supplier of specialized polymers and production services to the medical device sector, was announced by Biocoat Incorporated, a specialty manufacturer of hydrophilic biomaterial coatings and coating equipment for medical devices. As part of its plan to support medical innovation by offering a wide range of tailored biomaterial solutions, Biocoat is expanding its biomaterial platform offering with this acquisition. By joining Biocoat, Chempilots will have access to new markets and be able to advance their industry-leading polymer development programs.
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- Key Insights
As per the analysis shared by our research analyst, the global market is estimated to grow annually at a CAGR of around 4.5% over the forecast period (2024-2032)
Based on type segmentation, the Polyethylene segment is expected to capture the largest revenue share over the projected period
Based on application segmentation, the Cardiovascular segment is expected to hold a prominent market share over the forecast period
Based on region, North America is expected to dominate the market over the forecast period
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- Segmentation Analysis:
The Global Medical Device Polymer Coating Market is segmented based on Type, Application and Region.
Based on the type, the Medical Device Polymer Coating market is bifurcated into Polyethylene, Silicon, Polystyrene, Polypropylene, Polyurethane and Others. The Polyethylene segment is expected to capture the largest revenue share over the projected period. Polyethylene coatings are used in several additional medical devices, such as drug delivery systems, surgical instruments, and endoscopes. The use of medical devices with advanced polymer coatings, such as polyethylene, is being driven by the rising desire for minimally invasive procedures and the rising incidence of chronic diseases.
Based on the application, the global Medical Device Polymer Coating market is segmented into Orthopedic Implants, Cardiovascular, Urology & gastroenterology, Surgical Instruments and Others. The Cardiovascular segment is expected to hold a prominent market share over the forecast period. The segment expansion is attributed to the increasing prevalence of CVD across the globe.
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- Geographical Insights
Geographically, this market is widespread in the regions of North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. These regions are further divided as per the nations bringing business. North America is expected to dominate the market over the forecast period. The regional market expansion is attributed to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as CVD, orthopedic implants and others. For instance, a study released today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology projects a considerable increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in the United States by the year 2060. All four CV risk factors are predicted to rise in the general U.S. population between 2025 and 2060, with diabetes seeing the biggest percentage increase at 39.3% to 55 million people, followed by dyslipidemia at 27.6% to 126 million, hypertension at 25.1% to 162 million, and obesity at 18.3% to 126 million.
Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- Competitive Landscape:
The key players operating in the market are Surmodics Inc., Koninklijke DSM NV, Biocoat Inc., AST Products Inc., Hydromer Inc., Harland Medical Systems Inc., Covalon Technologies Ltd, Formacoat LLC, DSM Biomedical, Kisco Ltd, Covestro, Precision Coating Company Inc, Coatings2Go, SCS, Thermal Spray Technologies, Surface Solutions Group, ISurTec, Whitford and AdvanSource Biomaterials. These players adopted various strategies to gain major market share in the industry including product launches, acquisitions, collaboration and others.
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:
GLOBAL Medical Device Polymer Coating MARKET KEY PLAYERS- DETAILED COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
Surmodics Inc
Koninklijke DSM NV
Biocoat Inc
AST Products Inc
Hydromer Inc
Harland Medical Systems Inc
Covalon Technologies Ltd
Formacoat LLC
DSM Biomedical
Kisco Ltd, Covestro
Precision Coating Company Inc
Coatings2Go
SCS
Thermal Spray Technologies
Surface Solutions Group
ISurTec
Whitford
AdvanSource Biomaterials
GLOBAL Medical Device Polymer Coating MARKET, BY TYPE- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032
- Polyethylene
- Silicon
- Polystyrene
- Polypropylene
- Polyurethane
- Others
GLOBAL Medical Device Polymer Coating MARKET, BY APPLICATION- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032
- Orthopedic Implants
- Cardiovascular
- Urology & Gastroenterology
- Surgical Instruments
- Others
GLOBAL Medical Device Polymer Coating MARKET, BY REGION- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032
- North America
- The U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- United Kingdom
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Poland
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- India
- China
- South Korea
- Japan
- Australia
- Thailand
- Indonesia
- Philippines
- Rest of APAC
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Rest of LATAM
- The Middle East and Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- Israel
- Turkey
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Rest of MEA
Table of Contents
1.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Overview
- 1.1.Study Scope
- 1.2.Market Estimation Years
2.Executive Summary
- 2.1.Market Snippet
- 2.1.1.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Snippet by Type
- 2.1.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Snippet by Application
- 2.1.3.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Snippet by Country
- 2.1.4.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Snippet by Region
- 2.2.Competitive Insights
3.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Market Trends
- 3.1.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Drivers
- 3.1.1.Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
- 3.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Restraints
- 3.2.1.Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
- 3.3.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Opportunities
- 3.4.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Future Trends
4.Medical Device Polymer Coating Industry Study
- 4.1.PEST Analysis
- 4.2.Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.3.Growth Prospect Mapping
- 4.4.Regulatory Framework Analysis
5.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market: COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.1.Pre-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.2.Post-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.2.1.Top Performing Segments
- 5.2.2.Marginal Growth Segments
- 5.2.3.Top Looser Segments
- 5.2.4.Marginal Loss Segments
6.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Landscape
- 6.1.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market Share Analysis, 2023
- 6.2.Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
- 6.2.1.Established Players' Analysis
- 6.2.2.Emerging Players' Analysis
7.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market - By Type
- 7.1.Overview
- 7.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Type, 2023 & 2032 (%)
- 7.1.2.Polyethylene
- 7.1.3.Silicon
- 7.1.4.Polystyrene
- 7.1.5.Polypropylene
- 7.1.6.Polyurethane
- 7.1.7.Others
8.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market - By Application
- 8.1.Overview
- 8.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Application, 2023 & 2032 (%)
- 8.1.2.Orthopedic Implants
- 8.1.3.Cardiovascular
- 8.1.4.Urology & Gastroenterology
- 8.1.5.Surgical Instruments
- 8.1.6.Others
9.Medical Device Polymer Coating Market- By Geography
- 9.1.Introduction
- 9.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2023 & 2032 (%)
- 9.2.North America
- 9.2.1.Overview
- 9.2.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Manufacturers in North America
- 9.2.3.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.4.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.5.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6.U.S.
- 9.2.6.1.Overview
- 9.2.6.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6.3.U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6.4.U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7.Canada
- 9.2.7.1.Overview
- 9.2.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7.3.Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7.4.Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.Europe
- 9.3.1.Overview
- 9.3.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Manufacturers in Europe
- 9.3.3.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.4.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.5.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6.Germany
- 9.3.6.1.Overview
- 9.3.6.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6.3.Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6.4.Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7.Italy
- 9.3.7.1.Overview
- 9.3.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7.3.Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7.4.Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8.United Kingdom
- 9.3.8.1.Overview
- 9.3.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8.3.United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8.4.United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9.France
- 9.3.9.1.Overview
- 9.3.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9.3.France Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9.4.France Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10.Russia
- 9.3.10.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10.2.Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10.3.Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11.Netherlands
- 9.3.11.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11.2.Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11.3.Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12.Sweden
- 9.3.12.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12.2.Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12.3.Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13.Poland
- 9.3.13.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13.2.Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13.3.Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14.Rest of Europe
- 9.3.14.1.Overview
- 9.3.14.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14.3.Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14.4.Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.Asia Pacific (APAC)
- 9.4.1.Overview
- 9.4.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
- 9.4.3.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.4.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.5.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6.India
- 9.4.6.1.Overview
- 9.4.6.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6.3.India Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6.4.India Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7.China
- 9.4.7.1.Overview
- 9.4.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7.3.China Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7.4.China Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8.Japan
- 9.4.8.1.Overview
- 9.4.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8.3.Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8.4.Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9.South Korea
- 9.4.9.1.Overview
- 9.4.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9.3.South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9.4.South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10.Australia
- 9.4.10.1.Overview
- 9.4.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10.3.Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10.4.Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11.Thailand
- 9.4.11.1.Overview
- 9.4.11.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11.3.Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11.4.Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12.Indonesia
- 9.4.12.1.Overview
- 9.4.12.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12.3.Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12.4.Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13.Philippines
- 9.4.13.1.Overview
- 9.4.13.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13.3.Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13.4.Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14.Rest of APAC
- 9.4.14.1.Overview
- 9.4.14.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14.3.Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14.4.Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.Latin America
- 9.5.1.Overview
- 9.5.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Manufacturers in Latin America
- 9.5.3.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.4.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.5.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6.Brazil
- 9.5.6.1.Overview
- 9.5.6.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6.3.Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6.4.Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7.Mexico
- 9.5.7.1.Overview
- 9.5.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7.3.Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7.4.Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8.Argentina
- 9.5.8.1.Overview
- 9.5.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8.3.Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8.4.Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9.Colombia
- 9.5.9.1.Overview
- 9.5.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9.3.Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9.4.Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10.Rest of LATAM
- 9.5.10.1.Overview
- 9.5.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10.3.Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10.4.Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.Middle East and Africa
- 9.6.1.Overview
- 9.6.2.Medical Device Polymer Coating Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
- 9.6.3.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.4.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.5.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6.Saudi Arabia
- 9.6.6.1.Overview
- 9.6.6.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6.3.Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6.4.Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7.United Arab Emirates
- 9.6.7.1.Overview
- 9.6.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7.3.United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7.4.United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8.Israel
- 9.6.8.1.Overview
- 9.6.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8.3.Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8.4.Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9.Turkey
- 9.6.9.1.Overview
- 9.6.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9.3.Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9.4.Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10.Algeria
- 9.6.10.1.Overview
- 9.6.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10.3.Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10.4.Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11.Egypt
- 9.6.11.1.Overview
- 9.6.11.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11.3.Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11.4.Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12.Rest of MEA
- 9.6.12.1.Overview
- 9.6.12.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12.3.Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12.4.Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
10.Key Vendor Analysis- Medical Device Polymer Coating Industry
- 10.1.Competitive Dashboard
- 10.2.Company Profiles
- 10.2.1.Surmodics Inc
- 10.2.2.Koninklijke DSM NV
- 10.2.3.Biocoat Inc
- 10.2.4.AST Products Inc
- 10.2.5.Hydromer Inc
- 10.2.6.Harland Medical Systems Inc
- 10.2.7.Covalon Technologies Ltd
- 10.2.8.Formacoat LLC
- 10.2.9.DSM Biomedical
- 10.2.10.Kisco Ltd, Covestro
- 10.2.11.Precision Coating Company Inc
- 10.2.12.Coatings2Go
- 10.2.13.SCS
- 10.2.14.Thermal Spray Technologies
- 10.2.15.Surface Solutions Group
- 10.2.16.ISurTec
- 10.2.17.Whitford
- 10.2.18.AdvanSource Biomaterials
11.360 Degree Analyst View
12.Appendix
- 12.1.Research Methodology
- 12.2.References
- 12.3.Abbreviations
- 12.4.Disclaimer
- 12.5.Contact Us