3D 细胞培养：各种技术与全球市场

全球3D细胞培养市场规模预计将从2023年的46亿美元成长到2028年的148亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为26.5%。

从应用来看，研究市场预计将从2023年的23亿美元成长到2028年的78亿美元，复合年增长率为27.3%。此外，生物加工市场预计将从2023年的22亿美元成长到2028年的近70亿美元，复合年增长率为25.7%。

本报告调查了全球3D细胞培养市场，并提供了该技术的发展过程、类型和概述、应用、研发趋势、市场规模趋势和预测、各个细分市场和地区的详细分析、竞争形势和主要A集合等资讯。主要企业简介等

目录

第一章简介

第 2 章摘要/亮点

• 市场展望
• 市场摘要

第三章市场概况

• 关于一个伟大行业的开放评论
• 工业问题
• 体外和体内
• 维数
• 2D和3D细胞培养研究链
• 最佳实践
• 标准化
• 规定
• FDA 和基因组学
• 浸出物和萃取物
• 普遍存在的问题
• 缺乏研究人力资源
• 国际形势变化
• 创新的步伐和多样化
• 对细胞培养「其他」领域的评论
• 无论位置如何，体学
• 2020年会是细胞培养产业的分水岭年吗？
• 初步市场分析
• 细胞培养市场成长率估算
• 评估大规模媒体消费需求
• 模拟生物製药的未来成长
• 细胞培养市场基本案例
• 预测销售和成长的挑战
• 细胞培养基市场预测
• 细胞和基因治疗生物生物製程的分类
• 生物相似药介质消耗的评估
• CDMO
• 微流体学
• 生物反应器
• 内部细胞培养资源
• 生物技术领域的所有权集中
• 3D细胞培养的创新特点
• 生物列印战略蓝图

第四章市场类型

• 组织和细胞培养的起源
• 历史和早期应用
• 组织培养的发明
• 持久性细胞株的开发
• 第一个细胞培养瓶和严格的技术
• Lindbergh：细胞培养设备的先驱
• 连续细胞株的建立
• 装备主要发展
• 术语和概念
• 组织和细胞培养产业
• 组织培养和细胞培养的定义
• 细胞株
• 细胞培养系统的维护与扩展
• 培养基、血清、试剂
• 凝胶和支架
• 微孔板/微量滴定板
• 生物分析设备
• 生物分析成像
• 生物列印
• 生物反应器
• 其他细胞培养设备
• 黏合黏合
• 传统滚瓶
• 其他系统
• IT：细胞培养研究市场的软体与服务
• 细胞培养研究市场软体
• 软体相关支援服务
• 用于细胞培养的生物製程耗材
• 用于大规模 3D 培养的微载体
• 用于大规模 3D 培养的血清
• 大型3D培养基
• 用于大规模 3D 培养的生物反应器袋
• 其他的
• 製程设备
• 生物过程分析仪
• 生物製程自动化系统
• 生物製程支援设备
• 生物製药和疫苗规模化生产的方面
• 悬浮蛋白和单株抗体
• 以贴壁细胞为基础的治疗方法和疫苗
• 用于创建体细胞、干细胞和组织的小型黏剂
• 疫苗
• 疫苗开发作为催化剂
• 使用人类细胞株开发的疫苗
• 胞外体生产
• 病毒载体生产
• 慢病毒生产
• 质体生产
• 细胞培养最终用户
• 製药/生物製药
• 大学
• 政府
• CRO/CDMOS
• 其他的
• 细胞培养应用
• 药物研发
• 临床开发
• 毒理学
• 基础研究
• 生物製程开发
• 其他的
• 区域市场
• 美洲
• 欧洲
• 亚太地区
• 其他地区

第 5 章 测定/成像/分析

• 化验
• 间质干细胞检测开发
• 外来性病原体的体外检测
• 测定及测定套件
• 基于细胞的检测：概述和新进展
• 用于基于细胞的测定的细胞
• 基于 3D 细胞的检测的註释
• 动力学代谢测定
• 细胞增殖
• 活力和细胞毒性
• 细胞活力和活力渗透性测定
• 细胞侵袭
• 细胞讯号传导和通讯
• 细胞抑制特性
• 细胞死亡化验
• 成像技术
• 影像分析
• 萤光作为筛检驱动因素
• 用于组织和细胞培养的分析系统
• 了解“ CELLOMICS”
• 支持 HCS 的 3D 细胞培养
• NGS 探索池
• 多重分析
• 预测毒理学
• 神经安全
• 体学的入侵
• 转录组学

第六章 法规/标准化

• 美国生物列印产品的监管状况
• 生技药品监管基本指南
• 再生医学指导
• 异种移植指南
• 再生医学指引：紧急核准
• 生物列印产品的监管

第7章癌症的3D模型

• 疾病建模
• 癌症
• 研究癌症和其他疾病的主要模型类别
• 细胞株
• 球体和类器官
• 基因工程小鼠模型（GEMM）
• 患者来源的肿瘤异质骨移植（PDX）
• 概述：细胞层面的癌症
• 体内（动物）测试标准
• 滑鼠帝国
• 人源化小鼠
• QR 图文化
• 3D要求
• 细胞数量和活力
• 迁徙和入侵
• 未满足的需求：血管新生和免疫系统逃脱
• 3D 模型在癌症研究的优势
• 细胞型态和增殖的优异分化
• 改善基因表现和细胞行为
• 更好的细胞迁移与侵袭模型
• 细胞异质性
• 乳癌作为 3D 文化的驱动力
• 结构、极性、细胞凋亡
• 黑色素瘤作为 3D 文化的驱动力
• 迁移到球体配置
• 癌症研究中的 3D 系统
• 多细胞肿瘤球体
• 多层细胞培养
• 3D设计鹰架
• 天然材质
• 合成材料
• 人类癌症模型倡议(HCMI)
• 下一代人类癌症模型
• 药物敏感性和抗药性
• 讯号传导和敏感性的变化
• 抗药性
• 细胞讯号传导
• 透过整合素的细胞讯号传导
• 药物筛检
• 方法和终点
• 球体的用途
• 使用 3D 细胞迁移模型进行转移
• 透过晶片肺转移
• 癌症代谢
• 未来地平线
• 转移
• 共培养
• 血管新生
• 癌症相关纤维母细胞
• 癌症干细胞
• 联合治疗
• 生技药品开发
• 肿瘤復发
• 患者来源的细胞
• 患者来源的肿瘤异质骨移植（PDX）
• PDX 平台的演变

第8章毒理学和药物安全性检测形势

• 肝
• 有毒背景
• 皮肤副作用测试
• 新评估方法对 3D 细胞培养的影响
• 化妆品毒性测试
• 更新的监管要求
• 化妆品和药妆品的功效
• 化妆品毒性测试的方面
• 皮肤发炎
• 皮肤腐蚀
• 光毒性
• 皮肤过敏
• 眼睛发炎
• 急性全身毒性
• 急性毒性试验
• 用于急性毒性测试的细胞毒性测定
• 慢性和多次投药毒性
• 致癌性和遗传毒性
• 概述
• 体外方法：背景与最新进展
• 监理备案及药物开发备案
• 减少误报的倡议
• 筛检的最新创新
• 未来的挑战：非基因毒性致癌物
• 生殖和发育毒性
• 背景
• 生殖週期
• 发育和生殖毒性测试的类型
• 用于发育毒性筛检的斑马鱼模型
• 斑马鱼与干细胞的结合
• 生物医学前沿：男性睪丸
• 筛检内分泌干扰物
• 背景
• 环境毒理学对体外方法的影响
• ToxCast 和 Tox 21 计划
• 未来的挑战：甲状腺破坏
• BG1检测
• 毒物动力学和ADME
• 体外发育
• 代谢
• 低週转化合物的药物动力学
• 器官型模型
• 皮肤 3D 模型
• 3D角膜系统
• 吸收势垒模型
• 胃
• 肺
• 血脑障壁
• 3D 组织屏障和细胞外基质的实际架构
• 肝毒性
• 肝臟的特异性和复杂性
• 肝臟是 3D 创新的关键
• 体外肝臟应用
• 体内肝功能和结构
• 肝臟代谢
• 体外肝臟模型
• 肝细胞和巨噬细胞的共培养
• 3D肝臟模型
• 生物列印肝组织
• 检测到的肝球的结构和功能
• 理想标准
• 抗药性
• 转运蛋白研究
• 实现异型性细胞间接触
• 未满足的需求和未来创新的驱动力
• 形态发生素讯号传导
• 多供体肝细胞
• 在肾毒性的应用
• 未来的挑战：干细胞衍生的肾臟细胞
• 生物列印肾臟组织
• 胰臟毒理学的应用
• 心血管毒性
• 商业化历程
• 与监管机构的合作
• 心血管药物研发
• 基于电阻的微电极阵列（MEA）
• 替代生物列印磁性分离主动脉环检测
• 血管舒张活性
• 3D人工心臟组织

第九章区域市场细分

• 北美洲
• 美国
• 加拿大
• 欧洲
• 德国
• 英国
• 亚太地区
• 中国
• 日本
• 印度
• 韩国
• 新加坡
• 其他地区

第10章干细胞的形势

• 干细胞的历史
• 干细胞主要研究领域
• 3D干细胞培养系统
• 板或培养皿
• 桨鼻罩烧瓶和旋转壁容器
• 灌註生物反应器和微载体系统
• 坏处
• 微流体和干细胞
• 干细胞生物学的简短回顾
• 胚胎发育
• 干细胞增生、结构与型态
• 干细胞分化
• 干细胞分化和增殖
• 细胞外基质和干细胞
• 可溶性因子
• 干细胞製造
• 胚胎样体形成的控制
• 强迫集体文化
• 悬滴法
• 目的
• 用于高通量筛检的干细胞标记物
• 畸胎瘤和畸胎瘤检测
• FUJIFILM（Cellular Dynamics Inc.）
• 干细胞研究的突破性进展
• 用于神经科学发现和发展的干细胞
• 例：阿兹海默症研究
• 背景：B-淀粉连锁假说
• 人类 iPS 细胞衍生模型
• 新的 3D 模型
• 3D 的其他好处
• 预期用途
• 其他 3D 神经应用
• 干细胞用于心血管发现
• 用于再生医学开发的干细胞
• 背景：同种异体与自体同体
• 微小RNA
• 诱导性多功能干细胞（IPS）

第十一章再生医学：器官移植与皮肤替代

• 再生医学
• 需要器官移植
• 再生医学中的应用
• 再生医学投资
• 皮肤替代品产业
• 组织培养同种异体移植及自体移植产品
• 再生医学中的组织工程

第十二章 公司简介

• 3D BIOPRINTING SOLUTIONS
• 3D BIOTEK LLC
• 4D TECHNOLOGY CORP.
• ABCAM PLC
• AKRON BIOTECH
• AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.
• ALPCO
• AMSBIO
• BECKMAN COULTER INC.
• BIOINSPIRED SOLUTIONS
• BIOTIME INC.
• BIOVISION INC.
• CELL APPLICATIONS INC.
• CELLINK
• CORNING INC.
• CYPROTEX
• CYTIVA
• CYTOO SA
• EMD MILLIPORE/MERCK KGAA
• EMULATE INC.
• ENVISIONTEC INC.
• EPITHELIX
• EUROFINS SAS
• GREINER BIO-ONE INTERNATIONAL GMBH
• HAMILTON ROBOTICS
• HUB ORGANOIDS
• HUREL CORP.
• INSPHERO
• INVITROCUE
• KIYATEC INC.
• LIFENET HEALTH
• LOREM VASCULAR/CYTORI THERAPEUTICS INC.
• MATTEK
• MIMETAS INC.
• ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.
• PERKINELMER INC.
• PLASTICELL LTD.
• PLURISTEM THERAPEUTICS INC.
• POIETIS
• PROMEGA CORP.
• SEAHORSE BIOSCIENCE
• STEMCELL TECHNOLOGIES
• STRATATECH CORP.
• SYNVIVO INC.
• TAP BIOSYSTEMS
• TECAN TRADING AG
• ZEN-BIO INC.

Highlights:

The global market for 3D cell culture is estimated to increase from $4.6 billion in 2023 to reach $14.8 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.5% from 2023 through 2028.

The global market for 3D cell culture for research segment is estimated to increase from $2.3 billion in 2023 to reach $7.8 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 27.3% from 2023 through 2028.

The global market for 3D cell culture for bioprocessing segment is estimated to increase from $2.2 billion in 2023 to reach nearly $7.0 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 25.7% from 2023 through 2028.

Report Scope:

This report aims to provide a comprehensive study of the global 3D cell culture technologies market. It provides a detailed description of the different types of healthcare interoperability solutions and their current and historical market revenues.

The scope of the report encompasses the major types of 3D cell culture which are being used by industry, academic researchers, government labs, and independent research groups. This includes the main inputs such as cell lines, media, sera, reagents, software, and instrumentation. It analyzes the current market status, examines future market drivers and presents forecasts of growth over the next five years.

The market structure has been reorganized for this edition. Also, more research was done on base case data for different product areas. The greater emphasis is on the different products used for 3D cell culture, but the report also investigates the market in terms of types of applications, end users and geographic regions.

Report Includes:

• 17 data tables and 105 additional tables
• An overview of the global market landscape related to the 3D cell cultures technologies
• In-depth analysis of global market trends, featuring historical revenue data for 2020-2022, estimated figures for 2023, as well as forecasts for 2028. This analysis includes projections of Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGRs) spanning through 2028
• Evaluation of the current market size and revenue growth prospects specific to 3D cell cultures technologies, accompanied by a comprehensive market share analysis categorized by type, end user, and geographical region
• Information on analytical systems used in tissue and cell culture, cellomics, and human cancer model initiative (HCMI)
• Details about assay development for mesenchymal stem cells, In Vitro testing of adventitious agents and description of assays and assay kits
• A look at the main classes of models for researching cancer and other diseases, benefits of 3D models to cancer research and description of 3D engineered scaffolds
• Analysis of the market's dynamics, specifically growth drivers, restraints, and opportunities and discussion on the impact of COVID-19 on the world of cell culture
• Insights into U.S. regulatory status of bioprinted products; basic guidance for the regulation of biologics, regenerative medicine and xenotransplants
• Relevant patent analysis, including recent activity and a list of key patents
• Detailed profiles of leading market participants, providing a descriptive overview of their respective businesses, including Abcam PLC, Agilent Technologies Inc., Corning Inc., Merck KGAA, Beckman Coulter, and Synvivo Inc.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

• Study Goals and Objectives
• Reasons for Doing the Study
• Scope of Report
• What's New in This Report?
• Methodology and Information Sources
• Geographic Breakdown
• Segment Breakdown

Chapter 2 Summary and Highlights

• Market Outlook
• Market Summary

Chapter 3 Market Overview

• An Opening Comment on an Amazing Industry
• Industry Issues
• In Vitro versus In Vivo
• Dimensionality
• The Research Chain for 2D and 3D Cell Culture
• Best Practices
• Standardization
• Regulation
• Genomics Forcing the Hand of the FDA
• Leachables and Extractables
• Broad Issues
• Research Talent Shortages
• The Shifting International Picture
• Pace and Diversification of Innovation
• A Comment on the "Other" Areas of Cell Culture
• Omics Everywhere
• Is 2020 a Watershed Year for the Cell Culture Industry?
• Preliminary Market Analysis
• Cell Culture Market Growth Rate Estimates
• Assessing Large-Scale Media Consumption Needs
• Modeling Future Growth in Biopharmaceuticals
• Base Case for the Cell Culture Market
• Challenges in Projecting Sales and Growth
• Cell Culture Media Market Estimates
• Cell and Gene Therapy Bioprocessing Segment
• Evaluating Media Consumption for Biosimilars
• What About CDMOs?
• Microfluidics
• Bioreactors
• Internal Cell Culture Resources
• Is There Too Much Concentration of Ownership in Biotechnology?
• Characterizing Innovation in 3D Cell Culture
• Bioprinting Strategic Roadmap

Chapter 4 Market, by Type

• Where Did Tissue and Cell Culture Start?
• History and Early Applications
• Invention of Tissue Culture
• Development of Sustained Cell Lines
• First Cell Culture Flask and Rigorous Techniques
• Lindbergh: The Cell Culture Equipment Pioneer
• Establishing Continuous Cell Lines
• Key Developments in Equipment
• Terminology and Concepts
• Tissue and Cell Culture Industry
• Tissue Culture and Cell Culture Definitions
• Cell Lines
• Care and Growth of Cell Culture Systems
• Media, Sera, and Reagents
• Gels and Scaffolds
• Microplates/Microtiter Plates
• Bioanalytical Instruments
• Bioanalytical Imaging
• Bioprinting
• Bioreactors
• Other Equipment for Cell Culture
• Adherent Approaches
• Traditional Roller Bottles
• Other Systems
• Information Technology: Software and Services for the Cell Culture Research Market
• Software for the Research Market in Cell Culture
• Software-Related Support Services
• Bioprocessing Consumables for Cell Culture
• Microcarriers for Large-Scale 3D Culture
• Sera for Large-Scale 3D Culture
• Media for Large-Scale 3D Culture
• Bioreactor Bags for Large-Scale 3D Culture
• Other
• Bioprocessing Equipment
• Analytical Equipment for Bioprocessing
• Automation Systems for Bioprocessing
• Support Equipment for Bioprocessing
• Aspects of Large-Scale Manufacturing of Biopharmaceuticals and Vaccines
• Suspension Proteins and Monoclonal Antibodies
• Adherent-Cell-Based Therapies and Vaccines
• Small-Scale Adherent to Make Somatic Cells, Stem Cells and Tissues
• Vaccines
• Vaccine Development as a Catalyst
• Vaccines Developed Using Human Cell Strains
• Exosome Manufacturing
• Viral Vector Manufacturing
• Lentivirus Manufacturing
• Plasmid Manufacturing
• Cell Culture End Users
• Pharma/Biopharma
• Universities
• Government
• CROs/CDMOS
• Other
• Cell Culture Applications
• Drug Discovery
• Clinical Development
• Toxicology
• Basic Research
• Bioprocessing Development
• Other
• Regional Markets
• The Americas
• Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• Rest of the World

Chapter 5 Assays, Imaging and Analysis

• Assays
• Assay Development for Mesenchymal Stem Cells
• In Vitro Testing of Adventitious Agents
• Assays and Assay Kits
• Cell-Based Assays: Overview and Newer Developments
• Cells Used in Cell-Based Assays
• Notes on 3D Cell-Based Assays
• Kinetic Metabolism Assays
• Cell Proliferation
• Viability and Cytotoxicity
• Permeability Assays for Cell Viability and Survival
• Cell Invasion
• Cell Signaling and Communication
• Cytostatic
• Cell Death Assays
• Imaging Technology
• Imaging Assays
• Fluorescence as a Driver of Screening
• Analytical Systems Used in Tissue and Cell Culture
• Understanding "Cellomics"
• HCS Support of 3D Cell Culture
• NGS Discovery Pools
• Multiplex Assays
• Predictive Toxicology
• Neuro Safety
• The Omics Invasion
• Transcriptomics

Chapter 6 Regulation and Standardization

• U.S. Regulatory Status of Bioprinted Products
• Basic Guidance for the Regulation of Biologics
• Guidance for Regenerative Medicine
• Guidance for Xenotransplants
• Guidance for Regenerative Medicine: Emergency Approval
• Regulating Bioprinted Products

Chapter 7 3D Models for Cancer

• Disease Modeling
• Cancer
• Main Classes of Models for Researching Cancer and Other Diseases
• Cell Lines
• Spheroids and Organoids
• Genetically Engineered Mouse Model (GEMM)
• Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts (PDXs)
• Overview: Cancer at the Cellular Level
• In Vivo (Animal) Testing Standard
• Empire of the Mouse
• Humanized Mice
• 2D Culture
• 3D Requirements
• Cell Number and Viability
• Migration and Invasion
• Unmet Needs: Angiogenesis and Immune System Evasion
• Benefits of 3D Models to Cancer Research
• Greater Distinction in Cell Morphology and Proliferation
• Greater Gene Expression and Cell Behavior
• Better Models of Cell Migration and Invasion
• Cell Heterogeneity
• Breast Cancer as a Driver of 3D Cultures
• Structure, Polarity and Apoptosis
• Melanoma as a Driver of 3D Cultures
• Moving to Spheroid Configurations
• 3D Systems in Cancer Research
• Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
• Multilayered Cell Cultures
• 3D Engineered Scaffolds
• Natural Materials
• Synthetic Materials
• Human Cancer Model Initiative (HCMI)
• Next-Generation Human Cancer Models
• Drug Sensitivity and Resistance
• Altered Signaling and Sensitivity
• Drug Resistance
• Cellular Signaling
• Cellular Signaling Mediated by Integrins
• Drug Screening
• Approaches and Endpoints
• Spheroid Applications
• Metastasis via 3D Cell Migration Model
• Metastasis via Lung-on-Chip
• Cancer Metabolism
• Future Horizons
• Metastases
• Co-culture
• Vascularization
• Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
• Cancer Stem Cells
• Combination Therapies
• Biologics Development
• Tumor Recurrence
• Patient-Derived Cells
• Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts (PDXs)
• Evolution of PDX Platforms

Chapter 8 Landscape for Toxicology and Drug Safety Testing

• Introduction
• Liver
• Toxicology Background
• Testing for Adverse Effects on the Skin
• New Assessment Methodologies Impact on 3D Cell Culture
• Toxicology Testing in Cosmetics
• Updated Regulatory Requirements
• Efficacy of Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
• Aspects of Cosmetic Toxicity Testing
• Skin Irritation
• Skin Corrosion
• Phototoxicity
• Skin Sensitization
• Eye Irritation
• Acute Systemic Toxicity
• Acute Toxicity Testing
• Cytotoxicity Assays for Acute Toxicity Testing
• Chronic and Repeated Dose Toxicity
• Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity
• Overview
• In Vitro Methods: Background and Recent Developments
• Regulatory versus Drug Development Applications
• Efforts to Reduce False Positives
• Recent Innovations in Screening
• Future Challenge: Non-genotoxic Carcinogens
• Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
• Background
• Following the Reproductive Cycle
• Development and Reproductive Tox Testing Types
• Zebrafish Model for Developmental Toxicity Screening
• Combination of Zebrafish and Stem Cells
• Biomedical Frontiers: Male Testis
• Endocrine Disruptor Screening
• Background
• Environmental Toxicology Impacts In Vitro Methods
• ToxCast and Tox 21 Initiatives
• Future Challenge: Thyroid Disruption
• BG1 Assay
• Toxicokinetics and ADME
• In Vitro Developments
• Metabolism
• Pharmacokinetics of Low-Turnover Compounds
• Organotypic Models
• 3D Models for Skin
• 3D Corneal System
• Absorption Barrier Models
• Gastrointestinal
• Lung
• Blood-Brain Barrier
• Real Architecture for 3D Tissue Barriers and Extracellular Matrix
• Liver Toxicity
• Uniqueness and Complexity of Liver
• Liver as a Key Driver for 3D Innovation
• In Vitro Liver Applications
• In Vivo Liver Function and Structure
• Liver Metabolism
• In Vitro Liver Models
• Co-cultures of Hepatocytes and Macrophages
• 3D Liver Models
• Bioprinted Liver Tissue
• Detected Hepatosphere Structures and Functionality
• Ideal Criteria
• Drug Resistance
• Transporter Studies
• Achieving Heterotypic Cell-Cell Contacts
• Unmet Needs and Future Drivers of Innovation
• Morphogen Signaling
• Multi-donor Liver Cells
• Kidney Toxicity Applications
• Future Challenge: Stem-Cell Derived Kidney Cells
• Bioprinted Kidney Tissue
• Pancreatic Toxicology Applications
• Cardiovascular Toxicity
• Commercial Avenue
• Collaboration with Regulators
• Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
• Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) Based on Impedance
• Surrogate for Aortic Ring Assay via Bioprinted Magnetics
• Vasodilator Activity
• 3D Engineered Heart Tissues

Chapter 9 Market Breakdown by Region

• Introduction
• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Europe
• Germany
• United Kingdom
• Asia-Pacific
• China
• Japan
• India
• South Korea
• Singapore
• Rest of the World

Chapter 10 Stem Cell Landscape

• A History of Stem Cells
• Major and Minor Research Areas for Stem Cells
• 3D Stem Cell Culture Systems
• Plate or Culture Dish
• Spinner Flask and Rotating Wall Vessel
• Perfusion Bioreactor and Microcarrier Systems
• Shortcomings
• Microfluidics and Stem Cells
• Short Review of Stem Cell Biology
• Embryogenesis
• Growth, Structure and Morphology of Stem Cells
• Stem Cell Differentiation
• Stem Cell Differentiation versus Proliferation
• Extracellular Matrix and Stem Cells
• Soluble Factors
• Manufacturing Stem Cells
• Controlling Embryoid Body Formation
• Forced Aggregation Cultures
• Hanging-Drop Approach
• Applications
• Stem Cell Markers for High-Throughput Screening
• Teratomas and the Teratoma Assay
• Fujifilm (Cellular Dynamics Inc.)
• Stem Cell Research Breakthroughs
• Stem Cells for Neuroscience Discovery and Development
• Example: Alzheimer's Research
• Background: B-Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis
• Human iPSC-Derived Models
• New 3D Model
• Other Advantages of 3D
• Envisioned Applications
• Other 3D Neuro Applications
• Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Discovery
• Stem Cells for the Development of Regenerative Medicine
• Background: Allogenic versus Autologous
• MicroRNAs
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPS)

Chapter 11 Regenerative Medicine: Organ Transplants and Skin Substitutes

• Regenerative Medicine
• Need for Organ Transplants
• Applications in Regenerative Medicine
• Investments in Regenerative Medicine
• Skin Substitutes Industry
• Tissue Culture Allograft and Autograft Products
• Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

Chapter 12 Company Profiles

• 3D BIOPRINTING SOLUTIONS
• 3D BIOTEK LLC
• 4D TECHNOLOGY CORP.
• ABCAM PLC
• AKRON BIOTECH
• AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.
• ALPCO
• AMSBIO
• BECKMAN COULTER INC.
• BIOINSPIRED SOLUTIONS
• BIOTIME INC.
• BIOVISION INC.
• CELL APPLICATIONS INC.
• CELLINK
• CORNING INC.
• CYPROTEX
• CYTIVA
• CYTOO SA
• EMD MILLIPORE / MERCK KGAA
• EMULATE INC.
• ENVISIONTEC INC.
• EPITHELIX
• EUROFINS SAS
• GREINER BIO-ONE INTERNATIONAL GMBH
• HAMILTON ROBOTICS
• HUB ORGANOIDS
• HUREL CORP.
• INSPHERO
• INVITROCUE
• KIYATEC INC.
• LIFENET HEALTH
• LOREM VASCULAR / CYTORI THERAPEUTICS INC.
• MATTEK
• MIMETAS INC.
• ORGANOVO HOLDINGS INC.
• PERKINELMER INC.
• PLASTICELL LTD.
• PLURISTEM THERAPEUTICS INC.
• POIETIS
• PROMEGA CORP.
• SEAHORSE BIOSCIENCE
• STEMCELL TECHNOLOGIES
• STRATATECH CORP.
• SYNVIVO INC.
• TAP BIOSYSTEMS
• TECAN TRADING AG
• ZEN-BIO INC.

List of Tables

• Summary Table : Global Market for 3D Cell Culture, by Segment, Through 2028
• Table 1 : Dimensionality of Cell Culture
• Table 2 : WHO R&D Roadmap of Priority Infectious Diseases
• Table 3 : 3D Bioprinting Roadmap
• Table 4 : Selected Online Prices for Bioreactors
• Table 5 : Global Market for 3D Cell Culture, by Segment, Through 2028
• Table 6 : Tissue Types
• Table 7 : Cell Types Based on Developmental Origin
• Table 8 : Leading Cell Line Suppliers, April 2020
• Table 9 : Commonly Used Transformed Cells Lines
• Table 10 : Major Primary Cell Lines
• Table 11 : Leading Primary Cell Suppliers
• Table 12 : Main Types of Stem Cells
• Table 13 : Stem Cell Services
• Table 14 : Areas of Interest in 3D Spheroid Research
• Table 15 : Selected Nanoparticle Products Used in Life Science Research
• Table 16 : Results of Liver-Chip Drugs Halted in Previous Clinical Trials Based on Animal Studies
• Table 17 : Companies and Universities Involved in the Organ-on-a-Chip Industry
• Table 18 : Microfluidics Companies
• Table 19 : Selected Recent Patents Issued on Microfluidic Devices Related to Cell Culture Applications
• Table 20 : Selected Papers Published on Recent Microfluidic Advances in Cell Culture
• Table 21 : High-Content Screening Suppliers and Key Attributes
• Table 22 : Selected Patents Issued Related to Flow Cytometers
• Table 23 : Thermo Fisher Imaging Products
• Table 24 : Recent Bioprinting Company Deals and Strategic Partnerships
• Table 25 : Bioprinting Modalities
• Table 26 : Maintaining Cell Viability During Printing
• Table 27 : Bioprinting Instrument Industry
• Table 28 : Biomaterial Components
• Table 29 : Bioink Types
• Table 30 : Classes of Matrix Bioink Hydrogels
• Table 31 : Matrix Bioink Selection Criteria
• Table 32 : Selected Bioink Companies, 2020
• Table 33 : Projected Unit Sales of Research Bioreactors, <10 Liters, 2020
• Table 34 : Leading Bioreactor Suppliers, 2020
• Table 35 : Label-Free Technologies and Suppliers
• Table 36 : Developmental Issues Facing the Commercialization of Exosomes
• Table 37 : Companies Working on Exosome Products
• Table 38 : Global Market for Cell Culture, by End User, Through 2028
• Table 39 : Global Market for Cell Culture, by Application, Through 2028
• Table 40 : Global Market for Cell Culture, by Region, Through 2028
• Table 41 : Typical Assay Endpoints and Tests
• Table 42 : U.S. Patents on Assays Systems, 2019 and 2020
• Table 43 : Selected U.S. Patents on Assay Imaging, 2019 and 2020
• Table 44 : Recently Issued U.S. Patents on Cellomics, 2019
• Table 45 : Toxicology Issues That Need to Be Addressed for FDA-Regulated Products
• Table 46 : Overview of Federal Regulation of the Cell Culture Markets
• Table 47 : FDA List of Cell, Biologic and Tissue Products Regulated Under CBER and CDRH
• Table 48 : FDA "Talking Point" Recommendations for Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies (RMATs)
• Table 49 : U.S. Regulatory Considerations for Bioprinted Biologics
• Table 50 : Main Types of Models for Researching Cancer and Other Diseases
• Table 51 : Goals of Funding Opportunity Announcement RFA-CA-19-055
• Table 52 : Common 3D Assays
• Table 53 : Summary of the Benefits and Advantages of EV3D
• Table 54 : ECVAM List of Current Activities, 2020
• Table 55 : In Vitro Testing in Cosmetics, by Test Class
• Table 56 : Global Market for Cell Culture by Region, Through 2028
• Table 57 : North American Market for Cell Culture by Country, Through 2028
• Table 58 : European Market for Cell Culture by Country, Through 2028
• Table 59 : Asia-Pacific Market for Cell Culture by Country, Through 2028
• Table 60 : RoW Market for Cell Culture by Region, Through 2028
• Table 61 : Major and Minor Research Areas in Stem Cells
• Table 62 : Stem Cell Usage in Research
• Table 63 : Recent U.S. Patents Granted on Stem Cell Technologies
• Table 64 : Papers Published on Selected Stem Cell Research Trends
• Table 65 : Comparison of the Number of Citations in the Literature on Cell Culture versus Stem Cell Culture
• Table 66 : Number of Organ Transplants Performed in the United States, 2018 and 2019
• Table 67 : Total Global Financing of Regenerative Medicine
• Table 68 : Total Financing of Regenerative Medicine, by Therapeutic Area
• Table 69 : Leading Tissue Products and Suppliers
• Table 70 : Printed Tissue and Organs: Commercialization Timeframe
• Table 71 : Tissue/Organ Complexity
• Table 72 : 3D Bioprinting Solutions: Company Snapshot
• Table 73 : 3D Biotek LLC: Company Snapshot
• Table 74 : 4D Technology Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 75 : Abcam Plc: Company Snapshot
• Table 76 : Abcam PLC: Financial Performance, 2022
• Table 77 : Akron Biotech: Company Snapshot
• Table 78 : Agilent Technologies: Company Snapshot
• Table 79 : Agilent Technologies Inc.: Financial Performance, 2022
• Table 80 : Alpco: Company Snapshot
• Table 81 : Amsbio: Company Snapshot
• Table 82 : Beckman Coulter: Company Snapshot
• Table 83 : Bioinspired Solutions: Company Snapshot
• Table 84 : BioTime Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 85 : Biovision Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 86 : Cell Applications Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 87 : Cellink: Company Snapshot
• Table 88 : Corning Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 89 : Corning Inc.: Financial Performance, 2022
• Table 90 : Cyprotex: Company Snapshot
• Table 91 : Cytiva: Company Snapshot
• Table 92 : Cytoo SA: Company Snapshot
• Table 93 : Merck KGAA: Company Snapshot
• Table 94 : Merck KGAA: Financial Performance, 2022
• Table 95 : Emulate Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 96 : EnvisionTec Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 97 : Epithelix: Company Snapshot
• Table 98 : Greiner Bio-One International GmbH: Company Snapshot
• Table 99 : Hamilton Robotics: Company Snapshot
• Table 100 : HUB Organoids: Company Snapshot
• Table 101 : Hurel Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 102 : Insphero: Company Snapshot
• Table 103 : Invitrocue: Company Snapshot
• Table 104 : Kiyatec Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 105 : LifeNet Health: Company Snapshot
• Table 106 : Cytori Therapeutics Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 107 : Mattek: Company Snapshot
• Table 108 : Mimetas Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 109 : Organovo Holdings Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 110 : PerkinElmer Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 111 : Plasticell Ltd.: Company Snapshot
• Table 112 : Pluristem Therapeutics Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 113 : Poietis: Company Snapshot
• Table 114 : Promega Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 115 : SeaHorse Bioscience: Company Snapshot
• Table 116 : Stemcell Technologies: Company Snapshot
• Table 117 : Stratatech Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 118 : Synvivo Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 119 : Tap Biosystems: Company Snapshot
• Table 120 : Tecan Trading AG: Company Snapshot
• Table 121 : Zen-Bio Inc.: Company Snapshot

List of Figures

• Summary Figure : Global Market for 3D Cell Culture, by Segment, 2020-2028
• Figure 1 : Research Chain for Cell Culture
• Figure 2 : A Model for The Evolution of FDA Regulation
• Figure 3 : 3D Cell Cultures: Market Dynamics
• Figure 4 : An Innovation Matrix
• Figure 5 : Bioprinting Strategic Roadmap
• Figure 6 : Global Market Shares of 3D Cell Culture, by Segment, 2022
• Figure 7 : Gastrointestinal Organotype Cultures
• Figure 8 : iCELLis Nanoreactor: Example of Commercial 2D Cell Culture Systems
• Figure 9 : Prototype of 3D Model Lung-on-a-Chip from Wake Forest
• Figure 10 : Recent Photo of the HepaChip
• Figure 11 : Recent Photo of the HepaChip-MWP
• Figure 12 : University of Toronto Handheld Bioprinting Device
• Figure 13 : Collaborative Experiment Conducted by American, Russian and Israeli Scientists
• Figure 14 : Smart Marbles Concept for Quantifying Process Heterogeneity
• Figure 15 : Porcine Intestinal Organoids
• Figure 16 : Diagram of the Components of a Predictive Toxicology System
• Figure 17 : Gleason's Pattern
• Figure 18 : Diagram of PDXs, Cell Lines and Organoid/Spheroid Xenografts
• Figure 19 : Cell Heterogeneity and Its Function
• Figure 20 : Global Market for Cell Culture by Region, 2020-2028
• Figure 21 : North American Market for Cell Culture by Country, 2020-2028
• Figure 22 : European Market for Cell Culture by Country, 2020-2028
• Figure 23 : Asia-Pacific Market for Cell Culture by Country, 2020-2028
• Figure 24 : ROW Market for Cell Culture by Region, 2020-2028
• Figure 25 : Electron Micrograph of Porous Microcarrier for Stem Cell Production
• Figure 26 : Photograph of Apligraf
• Figure 27 : Abcam PLC: Financial Performance, 2021 and 2022
• Figure 28 : Abcam PLC: Revenue Shares, by Country/Region, 2022
• Figure 29 : Agilent Technologies Inc.: Financial Performance, 2021 and 2022
• Figure 30 : Agilent Technologies Inc.: Revenue Shares, by Business Unit, 2022
• Figure 31 : Agilent Technologies Inc.: Revenue Shares, by Country/Region, 2022
• Figure 32 : Corning Inc.: Revenue Shares, by Business Unit, FY 2022
• Figure 33 : Corning Inc.: Revenue Shares, by Region, FY 2022
• Figure 34 : Merck KGAA: Revenue Shares, by Business Unit, FY 2022
• Figure 35 : Merck KGAA: Revenue Shares, by Region, FY 2022