柔性製造系统的全球市场

全球柔性製造系统市场预计将从 2024 年的 142 亿美元和 2025 年的 152 亿美元成长到 2030 年的 222 亿美元，2025 年至 2030 年的复合年增长率为 7.9%。

预计2030年，北美市场规模将达到82亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为8.1%，2024年为52亿美元，2025年为55亿美元。预计到2030年，亚太市场规模将达到69亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为9.2%，2024年为41亿美元，2025年为44亿美元。

本报告调查了全球柔性製造系统市场，并提供了市场概况、市场影响因素和市场机会分析、市场规模趋势和预测以及各个细分市场和地区的详细分析。

目录

第一章执行摘要

• 市场展望
• 调查范围
• 市场摘要
• 技术进步与应用
• 市场动态与成长要素
• 未来趋势和发展
• 細項分析
• 区域分析与新兴市场
• 结论

第二章 市场概况

• 当前市场概况
• 柔性製造系统的未来
• 宏观经济因素
• 经济成长和消费支出增加
• 製造业劳动成本上升
• 地缘政治紧张局势
• 价值链分析
• 波特五力分析
• 美国关税的影响
• 案例研究
• 案例研究1：提高生产力的柔性製造系统
• 案例研究2：在数位工厂中实施柔性製造系统
• 案例研究3：提高钛加工效率

第三章 市场动态

• 概述
• 市场驱动因素
• 製造业对客製化产品的需求
• 製造技术的进步
• 需要提高生产效率并缩短前置作业时间
• 市场挑战
• 初期投资高
• 实施和维护复杂
• 市场机会
• 智慧製造和工业4.0
• 永续性和绿色製造
• 政府支持工业4.0的倡议

第四章 新兴科技与发展

• 新兴技术和发展
• 人工智慧和机器学习
• 先进的机器人和自动化
• IIoT
• 数位双胞胎与虚拟性能验证
• 积层製造（3D列印）
• 专利分析
• 企业市场占有率模式
• 区域模式
• 调查结果

第五章市场区隔分析

• 按细分
• 柔性製造系统市场（按弹性等级）
• 概述
• 摘要
• 随机类型
• 连续式类型
• 专用型
• 设计类型
• 模组化的
• 柔性製造系统市场（按组件）
• 概述
• 摘要
• 软体
• 硬体
• 服务
• 柔性製造系统市场（按行业）
• 概述
• 摘要
• 车
• 航太
• 电子产品
• 医疗设备
• 製药
• 食品/饮料
• 其他行业
• 按地区细分
• 弹性製造系统市场（按地区）
• 概述
• 北美洲
• 美国
• 加拿大
• 墨西哥
• 欧洲
• 德国
• 英国
• 法国
• 义大利
• 其他欧洲国家
• 亚太地区
• 中国
• 日本
• 韩国
• 印度
• 其他亚太地区
• 世界其他地区
• 南美洲
• 中东
• 非洲

第六章 竞争讯息

• 市场排名分析
• Siemens
• ABB
• Rockwell Automation
• Schneider Electric
• Mitsubishi Electric
• 产品映射分析
• 战略分析
• 合作与伙伴关係
• 併购
• 投资与扩张

第七章 柔性製造系统产业的永续性：ESG视角

• 概述
• ESG绩效分析
• 环境因素
• 社会因素
• 管治因素
• 产业 ESG 现状
• BCC的结语

第八章 附录

• 调查方法
• 资讯来源
• 简称
• 公司简介
• ABB
• AMADA CO. LTD.
• AUTODESK INC.
• CYTIVA
• FANUC CORP.
• G-CON MANUFACTURING INC.
• GEBR. HELLER MASCHINENFABRIK GMBH
• JACOBS
• LEIDOS
• MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP.
• OMRON CORP.
• ROCKWELL AUTOMATION
• SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
• SIEMENS
• TREVISAN MACHINE TOOL
• 其他公司

The global market for flexible manufacturing systems was valued at $14.2 billion in 2024 and is estimated to increase from $15.2 billion in 2025 to reach $22.2 billion by 2030, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from 2025 through 2030.

The North American market for flexible manufacturing systems was valued at $5.2 billion in 2024 and is estimated to increase from $5.5 billion in 2025 to reach $8.2 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 8.1% from 2025 through 2030.

The Asia-Pacific market for flexible manufacturing systems was valued at $4.1 billion in 2024 and is estimated to increase from $4.4 billion in 2025 to reach $6.9 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 9.2% from 2025 through 2030.

Report Scope

This report analyzes the global market for flexible manufacturing systems. The global market covers the regions of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Rest of the World (in this report, South America, and Middle East and Africa. It segments the market by not only region, but also level of flexibility, component and industry. The report uses 2024 as the base year, and provides estimated market data for the forecast period of 2025-2030.

The report examines the trends and challenges driving the market, the vendor landscape, relevant patents and emerging technologies. It analyzes the environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) initiatives of the major companies and provides profiles of leading companies in the market.

Report Includes

• 47 data tables and 57 additional tables
• An overview of the global market for flexible manufacturing
• In-depth analysis of global market trends, featuring historical revenue data for 2024, estimated figures for 2025, as well as forecasts for 2030. This analysis includes projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2030
• Evaluation of the current market size and revenue growth prospects specific to the flexible manufacturing, accompanied by a market share analysis by flexibility level, component, application and region
• Analysis of current and future demand in the global flexible manufacturing market, along with a detailed analysis of the competitive environment, market regulations and reimbursement practices
• Analysis of drivers, challenges and opportunities affecting market growth
• Coverage of evolving technologies, the current and future market potential, R&D activities, growth strategies, new product pipeline, regulatory framework and reimbursement scenarios and ESG trends of the market
• Market share analysis of the key market participants in the flexible manufacturing market, along with their research priorities, product portfolios, global rankings and company competitive landscape
• Company profiles of major players within the industry, including Siemens, ABB, Rockwell Automation, Schneider Electric, and Mitsubishi Electric Corp.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

• Market Outlook
• Scope of Report
• Market Summary
• Technological Advances and Applications
• Market Dynamics and Growth Factors
• Future Trends and Developments
• Segmental Analysis
• Regional Insights and Emerging Markets
• Conclusion

Chapter 2 Market Overview

• Current Market Overview
• Future of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
• Macroeconomic Factors
• Economic Growth and Rising Consumer Spending
• Rising Labor Costs in Manufacturing
• Geopolitical Tensions
• Value Chain Analysis
• Planning and Design
• Sourcing and Procurement
• Manufacturing and Operations
• Delivery and Logistics
• Service and Maintenance
• Porter's Five Forces Analysis
• Potential for New Entrants
• Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Vendors)
• Bargaining Power of Buyers (Consumers)
• Threat of Substitutes
• Competition in the Industry
• Impact of U.S. Tariffs
• Case Studies
• Case Study 1: Flexible Manufacturing System for Enhanced Production
• Case Study 2: Implementing a Flexible Manufacturing System in a Digital Factory
• Case Study 3: Improving Efficiency in Titanium Machining

Chapter 3 Market Dynamics

• Overview
• Market Drivers
• Demand for Customized Products in Manufacturing
• Advances in Manufacturing Technology
• Need for More Production Efficiency and Reduced Lead Times
• Market Challenges
• High Initial Investment
• Complex Implementation and Maintenance
• Market Opportunities
• Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0
• Sustainability and Green Manufacturing
• Government Initiatives Supporting Industry 4.0

Chapter 4 Emerging Technologies and Developments

• Emerging Technologies and Developments
• AI and ML
• Advanced Robotics and Automation
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
• Digital Twins and Virtual Commissioning
• Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)
• Patent Analysis
• Company Share Patterns
• Regional Patterns
• Findings

Chapter 5 Market Segmentation Analysis

• Segmental Breakdown
• Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market, by Level of Flexibility
• Overview
• Takeaways
• Random
• Sequential
• Dedicated
• Engineered
• Modular
• Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market, by Component
• Overview
• Takeaways
• Software
• Hardware
• Services
• Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market, by Industry
• Overview
• Takeaways
• Automotive
• Aerospace
• Electronics
• Medical Devices
• Pharmaceuticals
• Food and Beverage
• Other Industries
• Breakdown by Geographic Region
• Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market, by Region
• Overview
• North America
• The U.S.
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• The U.K.
• France
• Italy
• Rest of Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• India
• Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Rest of the World
• South America
• Middle East
• Africa

Chapter 6 Competitive Intelligence

• Market Ranking Analysis
• Siemens
• ABB
• Rockwell Automation
• Schneider Electric
• Mitsubishi Electric
• Product Mapping Analysis
• Strategic Analysis
• Collaborations and Partnerships
• Mergers and Acquisitions
• Investments and Expansions

Chapter 7 Sustainability in the Flexible Manufacturing System Industry: An ESG Perspective

• Overview
• ESG Performance Analysis
• Environmental Factors
• Social Factors
• Governance Factors
• Current Status of ESG in the Industry
• Concluding Remarks from BCC Research

Chapter 8 Appendix

• Methodology
• Information Sources
• Abbreviations
• Company Profiles
• ABB
• AMADA CO. LTD.
• AUTODESK INC.
• CYTIVA
• FANUC CORP.
• G-CON MANUFACTURING INC.
• GEBR. HELLER MASCHINENFABRIK GMBH
• JACOBS
• LEIDOS
• MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP.
• OMRON CORP.
• ROCKWELL AUTOMATION
• SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
• SIEMENS
• TREVISAN MACHINE TOOL
• Other Companies in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market

List of Tables

• Summary Table : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 1 : GDP Growth, by Country, 2023-2026
• Table 2 : Porter's Five Forces Overview
• Table 3 : Strategic Developments in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Industry, 2023-2025
• Table 4 : Share of Patents Published on Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Company, 2024
• Table 5 : Published Patents on Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2023-2025
• Table 6 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, Through 2030
• Table 7 : Global Market for Random Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 8 : Global Market for Sequential Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 9 : Global Market for Dedicated Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 10 : Global Market for Engineered Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 11 : Global Market for Modular Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 12 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, Through 2030
• Table 13 : Global Market for Software in Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 14 : Global Market for Hardware in Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 15 : Global Market for Services for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 16 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, Through 2030
• Table 17 : Global Market for Automotive Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 18 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Aerospace Industry, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 19 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Electronics Industry, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 20 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Medical Device Industry, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 21 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Pharmaceutical Industry, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 22 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Food and Beverage Industry, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 23 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Used in Other Industries, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 24 : Global Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, Through 2030
• Table 25 : North American Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, Through 2030
• Table 26 : North American Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, Through 2030
• Table 27 : North American Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, Through 2030
• Table 28 : North American Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, Through 2030
• Table 29 : European Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, Through 2030
• Table 30 : European Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, Through 2030
• Table 31 : European Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, Through 2030
• Table 32 : European Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, Through 2030
• Table 33 : Asia-Pacific Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, Through 2030
• Table 34 : Asia-Pacific Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, Through 2030
• Table 35 : Asia-Pacific Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, Through 2030
• Table 36 : Asia-Pacific Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, Through 2030
• Table 37 : RoW Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Sub-Region, Through 2030
• Table 38 : RoW Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, Through 2030
• Table 39 : RoW Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, Through 2030
• Table 40 : RoW Market for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, Through 2030
• Table 41 : Ranking of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Companies
• Table 42 : Product Mapping for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Companies, by Component
• Table 43 : Collaborations and Partnerships in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market, 2023-2025
• Table 44 : M&A in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Industry, 2023-2025
• Table 45 : Investments and Expansions in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Industry, 2023-2025
• Table 46 : ESG Risk Ratings Metrics, by Company, 2024
• Table 47 : Report Information Sources
• Table 48 : Abbreviations Used in the Report
• Table 49 : ABB: Company Snapshot
• Table 50 : ABB: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 51 : ABB: Product Portfolio
• Table 52 : ABB: News/Key Developments, 2024 - 2025
• Table 53 : Amada Co. Ltd.: Company Snapshot
• Table 54 : Amada Co. Ltd.: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 55 : Amada Co. Ltd.: Product Portfolio
• Table 56 : Amada Co. Ltd.: News/Key Developments, 2024 - 2025
• Table 57 : Autodesk Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 58 : Autodesk Inc.: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 59 : Autodesk Inc.: Product Portfolio
• Table 60 : Autodesk Inc.: News/Key Developments, 2023
• Table 61 : Cytiva: Company Snapshot
• Table 62 : Cytiva: Product Portfolio
• Table 63 : Cytiva: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2025
• Table 64 : Fanuc Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 65 : Fanuc Corp.: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 66 : Fanuc Corp.: Product Portfolio
• Table 67 : Fanuc Corp.: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2025
• Table 68 : G-CON Manufacturing Inc.: Company Snapshot
• Table 69 : G-CON Manufacturing Inc.: Product Portfolio
• Table 70 : G-CON Manufacturing Inc.: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2024
• Table 71 : Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik GmbH: Company Snapshot
• Table 72 : Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik GmbH: Product Portfolio
• Table 73 : Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik GmbH: News/Key Developments, 2023
• Table 74 : Jacobs: Company Snapshot
• Table 75 : Jacobs: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 76 : Jacobs: Product Portfolio
• Table 77 : Leidos: Company Snapshot
• Table 78 : Leidos: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 79 : Leidos: Product Portfolio
• Table 80 : Leidos: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2024
• Table 81 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 82 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 83 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Product Portfolio
• Table 84 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: News/Key Developments, 2025
• Table 85 : Omron Corp.: Company Snapshot
• Table 86 : Omron Corp.: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 87 : Omron Corp.: Product Portfolio
• Table 88 : Omron Corp.: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2025
• Table 89 : Rockwell Automation: Company Snapshot
• Table 90 : Rockwell Automation: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 91 : Rockwell Automation: Product Portfolio
• Table 92 : Rockwell Automation: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2024
• Table 93 : Schneider Electric: Company Snapshot
• Table 94 : Schneider Electric: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 95 : Schneider Electric: Product Portfolio
• Table 96 : Schneider Electric: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2025
• Table 97 : Siemens: Company Snapshot
• Table 98 : Siemens: Financial Performance, FY 2023 and 2024
• Table 99 : Siemens: Product Portfolio
• Table 100 : Siemens: News/Key Developments, 2023 - 2025
• Table 101 : Trevisan Machine Tool: Company Snapshot
• Table 102 : Trevisan Machine Tool: Product Portfolio
• Table 103 : Other Companies in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market

List of Figures

• Summary Figure : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 1 : U.S. Labor Hourly Compensation and Unit Labor Costs, 2023 and 2024
• Figure 2 : Value Chain for Flexible Manufacturing Systems
• Figure 3 : Flexible Manufacturing Systems Market: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
• Figure 4 : Market Dynamics of Flexible Manufacturing
• Figure 5 : Growth of the Industrial Robot Market, 2018-2023
• Figure 6 : Patents Published Related to Flexible Manufacturing, January 2021-May 2025
• Figure 7 : Share of Patents Published on Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 8 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, 2024
• Figure 9 : Global Market Shares of Random Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 10 : Global Market Shares of Sequential Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 11 : Global Market Shares of Dedicated Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 12 : Global Market Shares of Engineered Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 13 : Global Market Shares of Modular Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 14 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, 2024
• Figure 15 : Global Market Shares of Software in Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 16 : Global Market Shares of Hardware in Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 17 : Global Market Shares of Services for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 18 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, 2024
• Figure 19 : Global Market Shares of Automotive Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 20 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Aerospace Industry, by Region, 2024
• Figure 21 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Electronics Industry, by Region, 2024
• Figure 22 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Medical Device Industry, by Region, 2024
• Figure 23 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Pharmaceutical Industry, by Region, 2024
• Figure 24 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in the Food and Beverage Industry, by Region, 2024
• Figure 25 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Used in Other Industries, by Region, 2024
• Figure 26 : Global Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Region, 2024
• Figure 27 : North American Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, 2024
• Figure 28 : North American Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, 2024
• Figure 29 : North American Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, 2024
• Figure 30 : North American Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, 2024
• Figure 31 : European Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, 2024
• Figure 32 : European Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, 2024
• Figure 33 : European Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, 2024
• Figure 34 : European Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, 2024
• Figure 35 : Asia-Pacific Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Country, 2024
• Figure 36 : Asia-Pacific Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, 2024
• Figure 37 : Asia-Pacific Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, 2024
• Figure 38 : Asia-Pacific Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, 2024
• Figure 39 : RoW Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Sub-Region, 2024
• Figure 40 : RoW Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Level of Flexibility, 2024
• Figure 41 : RoW Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Component, 2024
• Figure 42 : RoW Market Shares of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, by Industry, 2024
• Figure 43 : ABB: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 44 : ABB: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 45 : Amada Co. Ltd.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 46 : Amada Co. Ltd.: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 47 : Autodesk Inc.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 48 : Autodesk Inc.: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 49 : Fanuc Corp.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 50 : Fanuc Corp.: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 51 : JACOBS: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 52 : JACOBS: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 53 : LEIDOS: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 54 : LEIDOS: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 55 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 56 : Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 57 : Omron Corp.: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 58 : Omron Corp.: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 59 : Rockwell Automation: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 60 : Rockwell Automation: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 61 : Schneider Electric: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 62 : Schneider Electric: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024
• Figure 63 : SIEMENS: Revenue Share, by Business Unit, FY 2024
• Figure 64 : SIEMENS: Revenue Share, by Country/Region, FY 2024