封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1863982

线上药局市场按产品类型、平台类型、药品类型、支付方式、经营模式和地区划分

Online Pharmacy Market, By Product Type, By Platform Type, By Drug Type, By Payment Method, By Business Model, By Geography

出版日期: | 出版商: Coherent Market Insights | 英文 168 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格
简介目录

据估计,2025 年线上药局市场价值为 1,035.2 亿美元,预计到 2032 年将达到 3,602.5 亿美元,2025 年至 2032 年的复合年增长率为 19.5%。

分析范围 分析详情
基准年 2024 市场规模(2025 年) 1035.2亿美元
效能数据 2020-2024 预测期 2025-2032
预测期(2025-2032 年)复合年增长率 19.50% 预计金额(2032 年) 3602.5亿美元

全球线上药局市场代表着医疗保健服务模式的革命性变革,从根本上重塑了世界各地消费者获取药品和医疗保健服务的方式。这个数位医疗保健生态系统涵盖了网路平台、行动应用程式和远端医疗服务,使患者能够透过电子管道购买处方药、非处方药和健康相关产品。在技​​术进步、消费者偏好变化以及智慧型手机和互联网在已开发经济体和新兴经济体日益普及的推动下,该市场正经历前所未有的成长。

线上药局具有诸多优势,例如便利性、价格优势、隐私保护和易于获取,因此对慢性病患者和居住在偏远地区的居民尤其有利。该领域有许多经营模式,从处方笺配药服务和通讯药局到整合了咨询服务、药物管理和健康监测工具的综合性数位健康平台,不一而足。在全球范围内,法规结构正在不断完善,旨在促进数位医疗服务的创新,同时确保病患安全。

市场动态

全球线上药局市场正呈现强劲成长势头,这主要得益于几个关键因素,其中医疗保健行业的数位转型是主要驱动力,同时消费者对便利性和可及性的偏好也日益增长。智慧型手机和网路的普及是关键驱动因素,它们使得无缝的数位化交易和远端医疗咨询成为可能。此外,全球人口老化和慢性病的盛行率上升也带来了对定期取得药物的持续需求。新冠疫情显着加速了市场的发展,因为保持社交距离和封锁措施促使消费者寻求非接触式医疗保健解决方案,从而形成了新的购买行为模式,即使在疫情结束后,这种模式仍将持续存在。

成本效益也是推动市场发展的关键因素。线上药局凭藉较低的营运成本和直接面向消费者的模式,其极具竞争力的价格对未投保者和保险覆盖范围有限的人群尤其具有吸引力。然而,该市场也面临诸多限制因素。不同司法管辖区严格的监管要求为市场参与企业带来了合规的复杂性,而对假药和资料安全的担忧也持续削弱着消费者的信任。缺乏国际监管标准化也为全球扩张设置了营运障碍。此外,传统连锁药局和医疗服务提供者的阻力也可能限制其在某些地区的市场渗透率。儘管存在这些挑战,但人工智慧驱动的药物管理、用于提高供应链透明度的区块链技术以及与穿戴式健康设备的整合等技术创新正在涌现出巨大的机会。

本报告的主要特点

  • 本报告对全球线上药局市场进行了详细分析,并以 2024 年为基准年,给出了预测期(2025-2032 年)的市场规模和复合年增长率。
  • 它还重点介绍了各个细分市场的潜在商机,并描述了该市场中一系列有吸引力的投资提案。
  • 它还提供了有关市场驱动因素、限制因素和机会、新产品发布和核准、市场趋势、区域展望以及主要企业采取的竞争策略的关键见解。
  • 全球线上药局市场的主要企业将根据以下参数进行分析,例如公司概况、产品系列、主要亮点、财务绩效和策略。
  • 本报告提供的见解将使负责人和企业经营团队能够就未来的产品发布、合作关係、市场扩张和行销策略做出明智的决策。
  • 《全球线上药局市场》报告面向该行业的各个相关人员,包括投资者、供应商、产品製造商、经销商、新进业者和金融分析师。
  • 相关人员可以透过用于分析全球线上药局市场的各种策略矩阵更轻鬆地做出决策。

目录

第一章 分析目标和先决条件

  • 分析目的
  • 先决条件
  • 简称

第二章 市场展望

  • 报告说明
    • 市场定义和范围
  • 执行摘要

第三章:市场动态、监管与趋势分析

  • 市场动态
  • 司机
  • 抑制因素
  • 机会
  • 影响分析
  • 重大进展
  • 监管情景
  • 产品发布/核准
  • PEST分析
  • 波特五力分析
  • 企业合併情景
  • 产业趋势

4. 全球线上药局市场(按产品类型划分)(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 处方药(Rx)
  • 非处方药
  • 个人护理设备(例如,体温计、血压计)

5. 全球线上药局市场按平台类型划分(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 行动应用程式(原生 iOS/Android 应用程式)
  • 网站(桌面版)

6. 全球线上药局市场(按药品类型划分)(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 学名药
  • 品牌药

7. 全球线上药局市场按支付方式划分(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 线上支付
  • 货到付款

8. 全球线上药局市场依经营模式(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 药房主导的市场
  • 垂直整合型线上药房
  • 传统实体店面及线上通路
  • 通讯药房

9. 全球线上药局市场(按地区划分)(2020-2032 年)

  • 介绍
  • 北美洲
      • 美国
      • 加拿大
  • 拉丁美洲
      • 巴西
      • 阿根廷
      • 墨西哥
      • 其他拉丁美洲
  • 欧洲
      • 德国
      • 英国
      • 西班牙
      • 法国
      • 义大利
      • 俄罗斯
      • 其他欧洲
  • 亚太地区
      • 中国
      • 印度
      • 日本
      • 澳洲
      • 韩国
      • ASEAN
      • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东
      • 海湾合作委员会国家
      • 以色列
      • 其他中东地区
  • 非洲
      • 南非
      • 北非
      • 中非

第十章 竞争格局

  • CVS Health Corporation
  • Walgreens Boots Alliance
  • Walmart Inc.
  • Express Scripts Holding Company(Cigna Healthcare)
  • Amazon.com, Inc.
  • DocMorris(Zur Rose Group AG)
  • Optum Rx(UnitedHealth Group)
  • Rowlands Pharmacy
  • Giant Eagle Inc.
  • Lloyds Pharmacy Limited
  • PillPack(Amazon)
  • Tata 1mg
  • Truemeds
  • MrMed
  • Medlife(now part of Tata 1mg)

第十一章 分析师建议

  • 机会
  • 分析师观点
  • Coherent Opportunity Map (COM)

第十二章 参考文献与分析方法

  • 参考
  • 分析方法
  • 关于 Coherent Market Insights
简介目录
Product Code: CMI8800

Online Pharmacy Market is estimated to be valued at USD 103.52 Bn in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 360.25 Bn by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.5% from 2025 to 2032.

Report Coverage Report Details
Base Year: 2024 Market Size in 2025: USD 103.52 Bn
Historical Data for: 2020 To 2024 Forecast Period: 2025 To 2032
Forecast Period 2025 to 2032 CAGR: 19.50% 2032 Value Projection: USD 360.25 Bn

The global online pharmacy market represents a revolutionary transformation in healthcare delivery, fundamentally reshaping how consumers access pharmaceutical products and healthcare services worldwide. This digital healthcare ecosystem encompasses web-based platforms, mobile applications, and telemedicine services that enable patients to purchase prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and health-related products through electronic channels. The market has experienced unprecedented growth, driven by technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and the increasing penetration of smartphones and internet connectivity across both developed and emerging economies.

Online pharmacies offer compelling advantages including convenience, competitive pricing, privacy, and accessibility, particularly beneficial for patients managing chronic conditions or those in remote geographical locations. The sector encompasses various business models ranging from prescription fulfillment services and mail-order pharmacies to comprehensive digital health platforms that integrate consultation services, medication management, and health monitoring tools. Regulatory frameworks continue to evolve globally to ensure patient safety while fostering innovation in digital healthcare delivery.

Market Dynamics

The global online pharmacy market demonstrates robust growth momentum driven by several compelling factors, with digital transformation in healthcare serving as the primary catalyst alongside increasing consumer preference for convenient, accessible healthcare solutions. Key drivers include the widespread adoption of smartphones and internet connectivity, enabling seamless digital transactions and telemedicine consultations, while the aging global population and rising prevalence of chronic diseases create sustained demand for regular medication access. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated market adoption as social distancing measures and lockdowns drove consumers toward contactless healthcare solutions, establishing new purchasing behaviors that persist post-pandemic.

Cost-effectiveness represents another crucial driver, as online pharmacies often offer competitive pricing through reduced overhead costs and direct-to-consumer models, particularly appealing to uninsured or underinsured populations. However, the market faces substantial restraints including stringent regulatory requirements across different jurisdictions, creating compliance complexities for market participants, while concerns regarding counterfeit medications and data security continue to challenge consumer confidence. The lack of standardized international regulations creates operational barriers for global expansion, and resistance from traditional pharmacy chains and healthcare providers may limit market penetration in certain regions. Despite these challenges, significant opportunities emerge through technological innovations such as artificial intelligence-powered medication management, blockchain for supply chain transparency, and integration with wearable health devices.

Key Features of the Study

  • This report provides in-depth analysis of the global online pharmacy market, and provides market size (USD Billion) and compound annual growth rate (CAGR%) for the forecast period (2025-2032), considering 2024 as the base year
  • It elucidates potential revenue opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market
  • This study also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, market trends, regional outlook, and competitive strategies adopted by key players
  • It profiles key players in the global online pharmacy market based on the following parameters - company highlights, products portfolio, key highlights, financial performance, and strategies
  • Key companies covered as a part of this study include CVS Health Corporation, Walgreens Boots Alliance, Walmart Inc., Express Scripts Holding Company (Cigna Healthcare), Amazon.com, Inc., DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG), Optum Rx (UnitedHealth Group), Rowlands Pharmacy, Giant Eagle Inc., Lloyds Pharmacy Limited, PillPack (Amazon), Tata 1mg, Truemeds, MrMed, and Medlife (now part of Tata 1mg)
  • Insights from this report would allow marketers and the management authorities of the companies to make informed decisions regarding their future product launches, type up-gradation, market expansion, and marketing tactics
  • The global online pharmacy market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts
  • Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the global online pharmacy market

Market Segmentation

  • Product Type Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • Prescription Medicines (Rx)
    • Chronic Disease Medication (e.g., for diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol)
    • Acute Care Medication (e.g., antibiotics, short-course therapies)
    • Specialty Drugs (e.g., for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, requiring special handling)
    • Over-the-Counter (OTC) Products
    • Pain and Fever Relief
    • Vitamins and Dietary Supplements
    • Cough, Cold and Allergy
    • Digestive Health and Dermatological Products
    • Health, Wellness and Personal Care
    • Personal Care Appliances (e.g., thermometers, blood pressure monitors)
    • First Aid and Medical Supplies
    • Wellness Products (e.g., herbal, naturopathic)
    • Others (Baby Care, Feminine Hygiene, and Contraceptives, etc.)
  • Platform Type Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • Mobile Applications (Native iOS/Android Apps)
    • Websites (Desktop)
  • Drug Type Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • Generic Drugs
    • Branded Drugs
  • Payment Method Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • Online Payments
    • Cash on Delivery
  • Business Model Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • Pharmacy-First Marketplaces
    • Vertically Integrated Online Pharmacies
    • Legacy Brick-and-Mortar with Online Channel
    • Mail-Order Pharmacies
  • Regional Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2020 - 2032)
    • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Latin America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Mexico
    • Rest of Latin America
    • Europe
    • Germany
    • U.K.
    • Spain
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
    • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
    • Middle East
    • GCC Countries
    • Israel
    • Rest of Middle East
    • Africa
    • South Africa
    • North Africa
    • Central Africa
  • Key Players Insights
    • CVS Health Corporation
    • Walgreens Boots Alliance
    • Walmart Inc.
    • Express Scripts Holding Company (Cigna Healthcare)
    • Amazon.com, Inc.
    • DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG)
    • Optum Rx (UnitedHealth Group)
    • Rowlands Pharmacy
    • Giant Eagle Inc.
    • Lloyds Pharmacy Limited
    • PillPack (Amazon)
    • Tata 1mg
    • Truemeds
    • MrMed
    • Medlife (now part of Tata 1mg)

Table of Contents

1. Research Objectives and Assumptions

  • Research Objectives
  • Assumptions
  • Abbreviations

2. Market Purview

  • Report Description
    • Market Definition and Scope
  • Executive Summary
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Product Type
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Platform Type
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Drug Type
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Payment Method
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Business Model
    • Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Region

3. Market Dynamics, Regulations, and Trends Analysis

  • Market Dynamics
  • Driver
  • Restraint
  • Opportunity
  • Impact Analysis
  • Key Developments
  • Regulatory Scenario
  • Product Launches/Approvals
  • PEST Analysis
  • PORTER's Analysis
  • Merger and Acquisition Scenario
  • Industry Trends

4. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Product Type, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share Analysis, 2025 and 2032 (%)
    • Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2021 - 2032
    • Segment Trends
  • Prescription Medicines (Rx)
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
      • Chronic Disease Medication (e.g., for diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol)
      • Acute Care Medication (e.g., antibiotics, short-course therapies)
      • Specialty Drugs (e.g., for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, requiring special handling)
  • Over-the-Counter (OTC) Products
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
      • Pain and Fever Relief
      • Vitamins and Dietary Supplements
      • Cough, Cold and Allergy
      • Digestive Health and Dermatological Products
      • Health, Wellness and Personal Care
  • Personal Care Appliances (e.g., thermometers, blood pressure monitors)
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
      • First Aid and Medical Supplies
      • Wellness Products (e.g., herbal, naturopathic)
      • Others (Baby Care, Feminine Hygiene, and Contraceptives, etc.)

5. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Platform Type, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share Analysis, 2025 and 2032 (%)
    • Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2021 - 2032
    • Segment Trends
  • Mobile Applications (Native iOS/Android Apps)
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Websites (Desktop)
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

6. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Drug Type, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share Analysis, 2025 and 2032 (%)
    • Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2021 - 2032
    • Segment Trends
  • Generic Drugs
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Branded Drugs
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

7. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Payment Method, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share Analysis, 2025 and 2032 (%)
    • Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2021 - 2032
    • Segment Trends
  • Online Payments
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Cash on Delivery
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

8. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Business Model, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share Analysis, 2025 and 2032 (%)
    • Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2021 - 2032
    • Segment Trends
  • Pharmacy-First Marketplaces
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Vertically Integrated Online Pharmacies
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Legacy Brick-and-Mortar with Online Channel
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)
  • Mail-Order Pharmacies
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2020-2032, (USD Bn)

9. Global Online Pharmacy Market, By Region, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)

  • Introduction
    • Market Share (%) Analysis, 2025, 2028 & 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), 2021 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Regional Trends
  • North America
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • U.S.
      • Canada
  • Latin America
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • Brazil
      • Argentina
      • Mexico
      • Rest of Latin America
  • Europe
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • Germany
      • U.K.
      • Spain
      • France
      • Italy
      • Russia
      • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • China
      • India
      • Japan
      • Australia
      • South Korea
      • ASEAN
      • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • Middle East
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • GCC Countries
      • Israel
      • Rest of Middle East
  • Africa
    • Introduction
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Platform Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Payment Method, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
    • Market Size and Forecast, By Country/Region, 2020 - 2032, Value (USD Bn)
      • South Africa
      • North Africa
      • Central Africa

10. Competitive Landscape

  • CVS Health Corporation
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Walgreens Boots Alliance
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Walmart Inc.
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Express Scripts Holding Company (Cigna Healthcare)
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Amazon.com, Inc.
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG)
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Optum Rx (UnitedHealth Group)
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Rowlands Pharmacy
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Giant Eagle Inc.
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Lloyds Pharmacy Limited
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • PillPack (Amazon)
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Tata 1mg
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Truemeds
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • MrMed
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies
  • Medlife (now part of Tata 1mg)
    • Company Highlights
    • Product Portfolio
    • Key Developments
    • Financial Performance
    • Strategies

11. Analyst Recommendations

  • Wheel of Fortune
  • Analyst View
  • Coherent Opportunity Map

12. References and Research Methodology

  • References
  • Research Methodology
  • About us