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全球飞机燃料电池市场 - 2023-2030 年Global Fuel Cell For Aircraft Market - 2023-2030 |
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全球飞机燃料电池市场规模在 2022 年达到 1.783 亿美元,预计到 2030 年将达到 10.97 亿美元,2023-2030 年的复合年增长率为 24.5%。在预测期内,对提高运营效率和减少燃料支出的追求将推动全球飞机燃料电池市场的增长。
与传统动力系统相比,燃料电池具有提供更高能量转换效率的潜力。燃料效率的提高可减少燃料消耗和运营成本,从而为飞机运营商节约成本。新的创新也可能导致新型氢燃料电池的开发,从而推动市场增长。例如,2023 年 3 月,美国伊利诺伊大学乌尔巴尼亚分校的一个研究小组发表了一篇研究论文,详细介绍了商用飞机使用液氢燃料电池推进系统的情况。
燃料电池技术为飞机提供了替代动力源,减少了对传统化石燃料的依赖。由于各种地缘政治紧张局势、供应中断和油价波动引发了能源安全问题,航空业对能源多样化的需求日益增长。燃料电池,尤其是利用氢气的燃料电池,提供了一种可再生、可在国内生产的能源选择,减少了对进口化石燃料的依赖,提高了能源安全。
燃料电池技术具有长期提供能源的潜力,与能源安全目标相一致。随着人们对化石燃料储量有限性的担忧,向可持续能源的转变变得至关重要。氢作为燃料电池的燃料,可从可再生资源中生产,并提供长期可用性,确保飞机运行的稳定能源供应。
燃料电池技术在功率密度方面取得了长足进步,能够以更小更轻的封装实现更高效的发电。功率密度越高,单位重量或体积的能量输出就越大,从而使燃料电池系统更适合飞机应用。功率密度的提高增强了以燃料电池为动力的飞机的性能和效率,从而实现了更长的飞行距离和更大的有效载荷能力。
目前的研发工作主要集中在提高燃料电池系统的便携性和外形尺寸上。许多公司正在为商用飞机开发模块化设计的新型燃料电池系统,以降低成本。例如,2023 年 6 月,德国燃料电池系统开发商 H2FLY 推出了用于商用飞机的新型 H175 紧凑型模块化氢燃料电池。
燃料电池虽然能提供清洁高效的动力,但与传统的化石燃料推进系统相比,其能量密度通常较低。这种限制导致仅以燃料电池为动力的飞机飞行距离和续航时间缩短。燃料电池的机载氢或其他燃料来源的存储和可用性可能无法与传统航空燃料的能量含量和加油速度相匹配,从而限制了燃料电池驱动飞机的飞行距离。
燃料电池系统,包括其相关组件(如储氢罐),会增加飞机的重量。增加的重量会降低飞机的有效载荷能力和整体效率。此外,燃料电池系统和储氢所需的空间会限制其他关键系统或客货运能力的可用空间。重量和空间限制给商业应用和需要延长飞行距离和续航时间的大型飞机带来了挑战。
COVID-19 大流行扰乱了全球供应链,影响了燃料电池生产所需的关键部件和材料的供应。制造和交付延迟导致交付周期延长和成本增加。供应链中断给飞机燃料电池系统的生产和部署增加了挑战,导致项目时间延长,影响了市场增长。
大流行病影响了新技术的监管和认证流程。航空当局和监管机构面临延误和运营挑战,影响了飞机燃料电池系统的审批和认证时间。由于监管合规性对航空业采用新技术至关重要,因此延误阻碍了多项相关技术的商业化进程。
基于人工智能的模拟和建模工具有助于飞机燃料电池系统的设计和开发。通过使用人工智能算法,工程师可以模拟不同的运行条件、优化系统配置并预测燃料电池系统的性能。它减少了物理测试所需的时间和成本,并能探索飞机燃料电池集成的各种设计方案。
人工智能可以优化燃料电池系统与其他飞机子系统的集成。通过分析来自多个系统的数据并考虑各种运行因素,人工智能算法可以优化燃料电池系统、配电系统、储能系统和其他组件之间的相互作用。集成优化可以提高系统的整体性能,减少能量损失,提高飞机的整体运行效率。
尽管目前的冲突不太可能对全球飞机燃料电池市场产生直接影响,但二阶效应可能会带来潜在的干扰。由于俄罗斯是世界上最大的商品出口国之一,铂和钯等贵金属的供应冲击和价格波动可能会阻碍新型氢燃料电池的研发工作。
俄罗斯因受到经济制裁而切断了对欧洲国家的天然气供应。这导致欧洲能源价格大幅上涨。燃料电池的制造和测试过程需要大量能源。能源价格长期居高不下可能导致欧洲将原型设计和批量生产业务转移到北美。
Global Fuel Cell For Aircraft Market reached US$ 178.3 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 1,097.0 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 24.5% during the forecast period 2023-2030. The pursuit of enhanced operational efficiency and reduced fuel expenses will drive the growth of the global fuel cell for aircraft market during the forecast period.
Fuel cells have the potential to provide higher energy conversion efficiencies compared to conventional power systems. Improved fuel efficiency can result in cost savings for aircraft operators by reducing fuel consumption and operating costs. New innovations are also likely to lead to the development of new types of hydrogen fuel cells, thus propeling market growth. For instance, in March 2023, a team of researchers from the University of Illinois in Urbania, U.S. published a research paper detailing the usage of a liquid-hydrogen based fuel cell propulsion system for commercial aircraft.
Fuel cell technology offers an alternative power source for aircraft that reduces dependence on conventional fossil fuels. As energy security concerns arise due to various geopolitical tensions, supply disruptions and fluctuating oil prices, there is a growing need to diversify energy sources in the aviation industry. Fuel cells, particularly those utilizing hydrogen, provide a renewable and domestically producible energy option, reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.
Fuel cell technology offers the potential for long-term energy availability, which aligns with energy security objectives. As concerns arise regarding the finite nature of fossil fuel reserves, the shift towards sustainable energy sources becomes essential. Hydrogen, as a fuel for fuel cells, can be produced from renewable sources and offers long-term availability, ensuring a stable energy supply for aircraft operations.
Fuel cell technology has seen significant advancements in power density, enabling more efficient power generation in a smaller and lighter package. Higher power density allows for greater energy output per unit weight or volume, making fuel cell systems more suitable for aircraft applications. Improved power density enhances the performance and efficiency of fuel cell-powered aircraft, enabling longer flight ranges and increased payload capacities.
Ongoing research and development efforts have focused on improving the portability and form factor of fuel cell systems. Many companies are developing new fuel cell systems for commercial aircraft with modular design to reduce costs. For instance, in June 2023, H2FLY, a German developer of fuel cell systems, unveiled the new H175 compact and modular design hydrogen fuel cell for usage in commercial aircraft.
Fuel cells, while offering clean and efficient power generation, typically have lower energy density compared to traditional fossil fuel-based propulsion systems. The limitation results in reduced flight range and endurance for aircraft powered solely by fuel cells. The storage and availability of onboard hydrogen or other fuel sources for fuel cells may not match the energy content and refueling speed of conventional aviation fuels, thereby limiting the distance a fuel cell-powered aircraft can travel.
Fuel cell systems, including their associated components such as hydrogen storage tanks, can add weight to the aircraft. The additional weight reduces the payload capacity and overall efficiency of the aircraft. Moreover, the space required for fuel cell systems and hydrogen storage can limit the available space for other crucial systems or passenger and cargo capacity. The weight and space constraints pose challenges for commercial applications and larger aircraft that require extended flight range and endurance.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, affecting the availability of critical components and materials required for fuel cell production. Manufacturing and delivery delays resulted in longer lead times and increased costs. The supply chain disruptions added challenges to the production and deployment of fuel cell systems for aircraft, leading to prolonged project timelines and impacting market growth.
The pandemic affected the regulatory and certification processes for new technologies. Aviation authorities and regulatory bodies faced delays and operational challenges, impacting the timelines for approving and certifying fuel cell systems for aircraft. The delays hindered the commercialization efforts for several associated technologies, as regulatory compliance which is crucial for adopting new technologies in the aviation industry, was delayed.
AI-based simulation and modeling tools can assist in the design and development of fuel cell systems for aircraft. By using AI algorithms, engineers can simulate different operating conditions, optimize system configurations and predict the performance of fuel cell systems. It reduces the time and costs associated with physical testing and enables the exploration of various design options for fuel cell integration in aircraft.
AI can optimize the integration of fuel cell systems with other aircraft subsystems. By analyzing data from multiple systems and considering various operational factors, AI algorithms can optimize the interaction between the fuel cell system, power distribution systems, energy storage and other components. The integration optimization can enhance overall system performance, reduces energy losses and improves the overall operational efficiency of the aircraft.
Although the ongoing conflict is unlikely to have a direct impact on the global fuel cell for aircraft market, there could be potential disruptions from second order effects. Since Russia is one of the world's largest commodity exporters, the supply shocks and price volatility in precious metals such as platinum and palladium could hamper research and development work of new hydrogen fuel cells.
Russia cut off gas supplies to European countries in reponse to the economic sanctions imposed on it. It has caused a major increase in energy prices in Europe. Energy intensive processes are used for manufacturing and testing of fuel cells. Prolonged high energy prices could lead to European shifting prototyping and serial production operations to North America.
The global fuel cell for aircraft market is segmented based on type, component, application and region.
Commercial aircraft are expected to account for the largest chunk of the global fuel cell for aircraft market, mainly due to their high volume. It is estimated that more than 20,600 new aircraft will be delivered to commercial airlines over the coming decade as global air travel witnesses significant growth.
Furthermore, since commercial aircraft account for the largest share of carbon emissions from the aviation industry, research has been focused on developing and adapting fuel cell technology for usage in commercial aircraft. Major commercial aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus have unveiled plans to gradually switch to fuel cell as the primary technology for aircraft propulsion.
Europe is expected to account for more than a third of the global market. Apart from North America, Europe is the only other region with a well-developed aerospace industry with an advanced manufacturing ecosystem. Airbus, one of the two major commercial aircraft manufacturers is based in Europe.
Many European aerospace companies are entering into collaborative agreements with multinational companies to advance development of fuel cell technologies. For instance, in June 2023, Safran, a French aircraft jet engine manufacturer entered into a partnership with Advent Technologies Ltd, a U.S.-based company specializing in fuel cell technology, to develop high-temperature proton exchange membranes for advanced aircraft fuel cells.
The major global players include: Airbus, Boeing, ZeroAvia, Siemens, General Electric, Honeywell International Inc., Collins Aerospace, Intelligent Energy Limited, Plug Power Inc. and Ballad Power Systems.
The global fuel cell for aircraft market report would provide approximately 57 tables, 58 figures and 195 Pages.
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