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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1455743

全球人参狗补品市场 - 2023-2030

Global Ginseng Dog Supplement Market - 2023-2030

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 200 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

概述

2022年,全球人参狗补充剂市场达到1.2921亿美元,预计2030年将达到2.0907亿美元,2023-2030年预测期间CAGR为6.2%。

宠物支出成长的趋势是包括人参狗补充剂市场在内的各种宠物补充剂增长的重要驱动力根据美国宠物产品协会APPA的数据,美国人在宠物上的支出从2021年的1236亿美元增加到2022年的1368亿美元. 人参狗补充剂因其天然成分和潜在的健康益处而经常被作为优质产品销售。随着宠物主人寻求这些优质产品,对人参狗补充剂的需求预计将会上升。

宠物主人越来越对宠物的医疗保健采取预防性方法,力求在健康问题出现之前预防它们。人参狗补充剂据称具有增强免疫力和增强整体健康的特性,适合这种预防保健方法。製造商正在利用这一趋势,开发人参补充剂,旨在促进狗的整体健康并预防与年龄相关的健康问题。

由于宠物狗的关节问题日益增多,关节健康占据了一半以上的市场。同样,由于该地区丰富的草药历史和人们对宠物健康意识不断增强的推动,亚太地区在人参狗补充剂市场上占据主导地位。以人参为基础的疗法在亚洲传统文化中的流行以及中国、日本和韩国等国家宠物饲养率的上升,促成了亚太地区在该市场的主导地位。

动力学

宠物拥有量的增加

由于宠物数量的增加,人参狗补充剂市场正在经历成长。根据美国宠物产品协会的2021-2022年全国宠物主人调查,6,900万美国家庭拥有一隻狗作为宠物。随着越来越多的人选择欢迎狗狗进入他们的家庭,对支持这些宠物健康和福祉的产品的需求也随之增加。

宠物主人越来越多地投资于为毛茸茸的同伴提供最好的护理,包括人参产品等营养补充剂。人参因其对人类的潜在健康益处而受到推崇,由于其在增强能量、增强免疫功能和促进整体健康方面的优势,现已得到认可并融入宠物护理方案中。因此,人参狗补充剂市场正在经历显着增长,因为它满足了宠物主人不断变化的需求和偏好。

专注于天然和整体产品

对天然和整体产品的关注是人参狗补充剂市场成长的重要推动力。宠物主人越来越多地寻求传统药物的替代品,更喜欢符合他们促进宠物整体健康信念的自然疗法。人参以其药用特性和在传统医学中的长期使用而闻名,非常适合这个故事。

此外,人们对传统宠物补充剂中常见的合成成分的潜在副作用的担忧推动了向天然和整体产品的转变。人参提供了一种天然的解决方案,吸引了那些优先考虑毛茸茸同伴的安全和福祉的宠物主人。随着宠物主人继续优先考虑毛茸茸的伴侣的健康和福祉,天然宠物补充剂(包括含有人参的补充剂)的市场预计将大幅增长。

潜在的健康风险和不良影响

潜在的过敏或敏感性对人参狗补充剂市场的成长构成重大限制。虽然人参通常被认为对大多数狗是安全的,但由于潜在的副作用,不应该给患有高血压、肾臟病或心肌病变的狗服用。此外,人参可能对狗有血液稀释作用,这对某些人来说可能是个问题

此外,大量或长期过量服用人参还会导致忧郁、食慾不振、低血压、过敏等不良症状。这些潜在的风险和副作用可能会阻止宠物主人为他们的狗使用人参补充剂,特别是那些对引入新补充剂持谨慎态度或担心宠物健康的人。

目录

第 1 章:方法与范围

  • 研究方法论
  • 报告的研究目的和范围

第 2 章:定义与概述

第 3 章:执行摘要

  • 按产品分类的片段
  • 以狗类型分类的片段
  • 人参类型片段
  • 按应用程式片段
  • 按配销通路分類的片段
  • 按地区分類的片段

第 4 章:动力学

  • 影响因素
    • 司机
      • 宠物拥有量的增加
      • 专注于天然和整体产品
    • 限制
      • 潜在的健康风险和不良影响
    • 机会
    • 影响分析

第 5 章:产业分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供应链分析
  • 定价分析
  • 监管分析
  • 俄乌战争影响分析
  • DMI 意见

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • 新冠疫情爆发前的情景
    • 新冠疫情期间的情景
    • 新冠疫情后的情景
  • COVID-19 期间的定价动态
  • 供需谱
  • 疫情期间政府与市场相关的倡议
  • 製造商策略倡议
  • 结论

第 7 章:副产品

  • 胶囊
  • 平板电脑
  • 粉状补充剂
  • 其他的

第 8 章:按狗类型

  • 小狗
  • 成人

第 9 章:按人参类型

  • 西洋参
  • 亚洲人参
  • 其他的

第 10 章:按应用

  • 关节健康
  • 免疫系统支持
  • 能量与活力
  • 皮肤和毛髮健康
  • 消化系统健康
  • 血糖管理
  • 其他的

第 11 章:按配销通路

  • 超市/大卖场
  • 网路零售
  • 专业宠物店
  • 兽医诊所
  • 其他商业

第 12 章:按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 亚太
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东和非洲

第13章:竞争格局

  • 竞争场景
  • 市场定位/份额分析
  • 併购分析

第 14 章:公司简介

  • GIGI VET
    • 公司简介
    • 产品组合和描述
    • 财务概览
    • 主要进展
  • Animal Health Company
  • KIN DOG GOODS
  • Heilsa
  • Ray Allen Manufacturing
  • Happea Chappea Limited
  • Animaux
  • INLIFE Healthcare
  • Royal Pet
  • URANOVET, SL

第 15 章:附录

简介目录
Product Code: FB8185

Overview

Global Ginseng Dog Supplement Market reached US$ 129.21 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 209.07 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

The trend of growing pet expenditure is a significant driver for the growth of various pet supplements including the ginseng dog supplement market According to APPA, American Pet Products Association, The amount that Americans spend on pets increased from $123.6 billion in 2021 to $136.8 billion in 2022. Ginseng dog supplements are often marketed as premium products due to their natural ingredients, and potential health benefits. As pet owners seek out these premium offerings, the demand for ginseng dog supplements is expected to rise.

Pet owners are increasingly adopting a preventive approach to their pets' healthcare, seeking to prevent health issues before they arise. Ginseng dog supplements, with their purported immune-boosting and overall health-enhancing properties, fit into this preventive healthcare approach. Manufacturers are capitalizing on this trend by developing ginseng supplements targeted at promoting overall wellness and preventing age-related health issues in dogs.

Joint health accounts for over half of the market share due to the rising joint issues on pet dogs. Similarly, Asia-Pacific dominates the ginseng dog supplement market driven by the region's rich history of herbal medicine and growing awareness of pet health. The popularity of ginseng-based remedies in traditional Asian cultures and the rising pet ownership rates in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea contribute to the dominance of Asia-Pacific in this market.

Dynamics

Rise in Pet Ownership

The Ginseng Dog Supplement Market is experiencing growth due to the rise in pet ownership. According to the American Pet Products Association's 2021-2022 National Pet Owners Survey, 69 million U.S. households own a dog as a pet. As more individuals choose to welcome dogs into their homes and families, there is a parallel increase in the demand for products that support the health and well-being of these pets.

Pet owners are increasingly invested in providing their furry companions with the best possible care, including nutritional supplements like ginseng-based products. Ginseng, revered for its potential health benefits in humans, is now being recognized and integrated into pet care regimens due to its perceived advantages in boosting energy, enhancing immune function, and promoting overall well-being. Consequently, the ginseng dog supplement market is experiencing significant growth as it meets the evolving needs and preferences of pet owners.

Focus on Natural and Holistic Products

The focus on natural and holistic products is a significant driver behind the growth of the ginseng dog supplement market. Pet owners are increasingly seeking alternatives to traditional pharmaceuticals, preferring natural remedies that align with their beliefs in promoting overall wellness for their pets. Ginseng, known for its medicinal properties and long-standing use in traditional medicine, fits well into this narrative.

Moreover, the shift towards natural and holistic products is driven by concerns about the potential side effects of synthetic ingredients commonly found in traditional pet supplements. Ginseng offers a natural solution, appealing to pet owners who prioritize the safety and well-being of their furry companions. As pet owners continue to prioritize the health and well-being of their furry companions, the market for natural pet supplements, including those containing ginseng, is expected to grow significantly.

Potential Health Risks and Adverse Effects

Potential allergies or sensitivities pose a significant restraint to the growth of the ginseng dog supplement market. While ginseng is generally considered safe for most dogs, it should not be given to dogs with hypertension, kidney disease, or cardiomyopathy due to potential adverse effects. Additionally, ginseng may have blood-thinning effects on dogs, which can be problematic for certain individuals

Moreover, excessive use of ginseng in large quantities or over the long term can lead to adverse symptoms such as depression, loss of appetite, hypotension, and allergies. These potential risks and side effects may deter pet owners from using ginseng supplements for their dogs, particularly those who are cautious about introducing new supplements or have concerns about their pets' health.

Segment Analysis

The global ginseng dog supplement market is segmented based on product, dog type, ginseng type, application, distribution channel and region.

Prevalence of Joint Issues in Dogs

Joint health problems, such as arthritis and hip dysplasia, are common in dogs, particularly as they age. According to the IAABC Foundation Journal, Pet dogs are frequently affected by osteoarthritis (OA). 80% of dogs over 8 years old and 20 percent of dogs over 1 year old have been discovered to have some degree of osteoarthritis. As a result, there is a high demand for supplements that can support joint function and alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions.

Ginseng is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce joint pain and inflammation in both humans and animals. As a result, it is often included as an active ingredient in dog supplements targeting joint health. As awareness of the benefits of ginseng-based supplements spreads, particularly in addressing joint issues, the market share of this application segment increases.

Geographical Penetration

Asia-Pacific's Growing Ginseng Production

Ginseng has a long history of traditional medicinal use in many Asian cultures, including China and Korea. According to Earth Observatory, a part of the EOS Project Science Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, China is the world's leading producer of ginseng. Similarly, according to the Jilin Ginseng Industry Association, 60% of China's ginseng is produced in Jilin. The Jilin ginseng industry's output value hit 64 billion yuan (8.77 billion US dollars) in 2022. With increasing ginseng production in the Asia Pacific region, there is a steady and reliable supply of ginseng and its derivatives.

Moreover, the Asia Pacific region has experienced significant growth in pet ownership, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. According to a report released Tuesday by Pethadoop, a platform specializing in China's pet industry, China has 54 million pet dogs as of 2021. As pet owners become more invested in the health and well-being of their pets, they are increasingly seeking out supplements like ginseng to improve their pets' health.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

With people spending more time at home due to lockdowns and remote work arrangements, there was increased attention on pet health and wellness. This led to a rise in demand for supplements, including those containing ginseng, believed to have health benefits for dogs. Pet owners seek to bolster their pets' immune systems and overall health as a preventative measure against illness, including potential viral infections. Ginseng is often touted for its immune-boosting properties, which made it particularly appealing during a health crisis like Covid-19.

However, COVID-19 has disrupted global supply chains, and affected the availability of raw materials and finished products. This could lead to shortages or delays in the production and distribution of ginseng dog supplements, impacting both manufacturers and consumers. Economic uncertainties resulting from the pandemic affected consumer spending habits. Some pet owners may cut back on non-essential expenses, including supplements, leading to a temporary decline in sales.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The war between Russia and Ukraine affected the supply chain for ginseng or related ingredients used in dog supplements, which led to shortages or price increases. The war led to economic uncertainty, which impacted consumer spending habits. During the war, consumers prioritized essentials over non-essential items such as pet supplements. This led to a temporary decline in demand for premium pet food including ginseng dog supplements.

By Product

  • Capsules
  • Tablets
  • Powdered Supplements
  • Others

By Dog Type

  • Puppy
  • Adult

By Ginseng Type

  • American Ginseng
  • Asian Ginseng
  • Others

By Application

  • Joint Health
  • Immune System Support
  • Energy and Vitality
  • Skin and Coat Health
  • Digestive Health
  • Blood Sugar Management
  • Others

By Distribution Channel

  • Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
  • Online Retail
  • Specialty Pet Stores
  • Veterinary Clinics
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In October 2023, Baumann Ginseng Farm, a ginseng farm in the United States, launched a ginseng joint health supplement for pets. Lonza patent UC-II non-denatured type II collagen, 20 mg per pack, is an ingredient in this product. Along with the advantages of 150 mg of American ginseng extract, it aids in promoting metabolism, nourishing and strengthening the body, and maintaining vitality in pets. It also helps pets retain joint mobility and cartilage health.
  • In June 2022, Charmy Pet, a Canadian pet nutrition company, launched a Kickstarter campaign to launch their new range of freeze-dried pet food. Introducing a new line of freeze-dried formulas that include holistic herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, the first of its type in North America. Charmy is assisting pet parents in enhancing their dogs' health without the need for synthetic vitamins and supplements by incorporating natural herbs from traditional Chinese medicine, such as ginseng and astragalus root, into pet food.
  • In March 2021, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry approved a request for permission from Pet healthcare start-up Allfin to operate a customized pet food business in a regulatory sandbox. This will allow Koreans to order bowls of samgyetang, a traditional chicken soup with ginseng, for their dogs.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include GIGI VET, Animal Health Company, KIN DOG GOODS, Heilsa, Ray Allen Manufacturing, Happea Chappea Limited, Animaux, INLIFE Healthcare, Royal Pet, URANOVET, S.L.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global ginseng dog supplement market segmentation based on product, dog type, ginseng type, application, distribution channel, and region as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of ginseng dog supplement market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global ginseng dog supplement market report would provide approximately 78 tables, 78 figures and 200 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1.Research Methodology
  • 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

  • 3.1.Snippet by Product
  • 3.2.Snippet by Dog Type
  • 3.3.Snippet by Ginseng Type
  • 3.4.Snippet by Application
  • 3.5.Snippet by Distribution Channel
  • 3.6.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

  • 4.1.Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1.Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1.1.Rise in Pet Ownership
      • 4.1.1.1.2.Focus on Natural and Holistic Products
    • 4.1.2.Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1.1.Potential Health Risks and Adverse Effects
    • 4.1.3.Opportunity
    • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

  • 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3.Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Product

  • 7.1.Introduction
    • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Product
  • 7.2.Capsules*
    • 7.2.1.Introduction
    • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3.Tablets
  • 7.4.Powdered Supplements
  • 7.5.Others

8.By Dog Type

  • 8.1.Introduction
    • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Dog Type
  • 8.2.Puppy*
    • 8.2.1.Introduction
    • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3.Adult

9.By Ginseng Type

  • 9.1.Introduction
    • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Ginseng Type
  • 9.2.American Ginseng*
    • 9.2.1.Introduction
    • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3.Asian Ginseng
  • 9.4.Others

10.By Application

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 10.2.Joint Health*
    • 10.2.1.Introduction
    • 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3.Immune System Support
  • 10.4.Energy and Vitality
  • 10.5.Skin and Coat Health
  • 10.6.Digestive Health
  • 10.7.Blood Sugar Management
  • 10.8.Others

11.By Distribution Channel

  • 11.1.Introduction
    • 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
  • 11.2.Supermarkets/Hypermarkets*
    • 11.2.1.Introduction
    • 11.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3.Online Retail
  • 11.4.Specialty Pet Stores
  • 11.5.Veterinary Clinics
  • 11.6.Others Commercial

12.By Region

  • 12.1.Introduction
    • 12.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 12.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 12.2.North America
    • 12.2.1.Introduction
    • 12.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 12.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 12.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.2.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.2.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.2.8.1.U.S.
      • 12.2.8.2.Canada
      • 12.2.8.3.Mexico
  • 12.3.Europe
    • 12.3.1.Introduction
    • 12.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 12.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 12.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.3.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.3.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.3.8.1.Germany
      • 12.3.8.2.UK
      • 12.3.8.3.France
      • 12.3.8.4.Italy
      • 12.3.8.5.Spain
      • 12.3.8.6.Rest of Europe
  • 12.4.South America
    • 12.4.1.Introduction
    • 12.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 12.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 12.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.4.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.4.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.4.8.1.Brazil
      • 12.4.8.2.Argentina
      • 12.4.8.3.Rest of South America
  • 12.5.Asia-Pacific
    • 12.5.1.Introduction
    • 12.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 12.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 12.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 12.5.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.5.8.1.China
      • 12.5.8.2.India
      • 12.5.8.3.Japan
      • 12.5.8.4.Australia
      • 12.5.8.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 12.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 12.6.1.Introduction
    • 12.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 12.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dog Type
    • 12.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Ginseng Type
    • 12.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.6.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

13.Competitive Landscape

  • 13.1.Competitive Scenario
  • 13.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 13.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14.Company Profiles

  • 14.1.GIGI VET*
    • 14.1.1.Company Overview
    • 14.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
    • 14.1.3.Financial Overview
    • 14.1.4.Key Developments
  • 14.2.Animal Health Company
  • 14.3.KIN DOG GOODS
  • 14.4.Heilsa
  • 14.5.Ray Allen Manufacturing
  • 14.6.Happea Chappea Limited
  • 14.7.Animaux
  • 14.8.INLIFE Healthcare
  • 14.9.Royal Pet
  • 14.10.URANOVET, S.L.

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15.Appendix

  • 15.1.About Us and Services
  • 15.2.Contact Us