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全球混合印刷设备市场 - 2024-2031

Global Hybrid Printing Equipment Market - 2024-2031

出版日期: 2024年04月03日 | 出版商:

DataM Intelligence | 英文 236 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

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简介目录

概述

全球混合印刷设备市场将于 2023 年达到 55 亿美元，预计到 2031 年将达到 151 亿美元，2024-2031 年预测期间的 CAR 成长 13.7%。

由于按需和短版印刷的需求不断增长，混合印刷设备的市场正在扩大。传统印刷技术有时很难足够快地提供客製化印刷品或适量的印刷工作。由于混合列印技术结合了数位和类比流程，因此它可以以合理的成本创建可变的资料列印，并允许快速工作变更。

混合印刷设备的市场由于其无与伦比的灵活性和适应性而不断扩大。透过融合数位和传统印刷方法，纸张、塑胶、金属、纺织品和其他基材都可以使用这些系统进行印刷。透过在多种列印技术之间轻鬆转移，企业可以适应从标籤和包装到标誌和促销品的各种应用。

亚太地区是全球混合印刷设备市场的成长地区之一，占市场份额超过1/3。消费者对个人化和美观产品的了解和偏好不断增长，推动了亚太地区对混合列印解决方案的需求。由于混合印刷设备能够无缝结合数位和传统印刷技术，因此可以以卓越的品质和个人化方式生产包装、标籤和宣传材料。

动力学

汽车产业越来越多地使用混合列印设备

汽车产业发现混合列印技术的使用有所增长，特别是在个性化内饰部件的製作方面。汽车产业的消费者选择越来越受到内装设计和客製化的影响。透过混合印刷，可以在仪表板、面板和装饰等各种内部表面上准确、高品质地印刷复杂的图案、纹理和徽标。

例如，2023 年，美国金属 3D 列印机製造商 Additec 在 Formnext 2023 上推出了最新型号 Hybrid 3。这款尖端 3D 列印机整合了液态金属喷射 (LMJ)、雷射定向能量沉积 (LDED) 和 CNC 功能到单一的平台。 Hybrid 3 主要专注于汽车应用，具有 0.5 毫米 LMJ 解析度和令人印象深刻的 4 公斤/小时 LDED 沉积速率。它具有双增材加工头，可实现多材料金属 3D 列印，目前与铁、镍、铝和铜合金等材料相容。

数位印刷的技术进步

由于数位印刷技术的显着进步，混合印刷设备的全球市场正在成长。由于数位印刷（例如印字头技术、墨水配方和色彩管理）的不断进步，混合印刷系统功能更好、效率更高。数位印刷具有灵活的资料印刷、快速转换和减少浪费等优点，符合该产业对低成本和绿色解决方案不断增长的需求。

例如，2024 年，Electronics For Imaging, Inc. 推出了 EFI VUTEk h3+ 和 VUTEk h5+ 混合平板/捲筒式 LED 印表机系列，展示了升级的列印和媒体处理功能。新的印表机型号代表了大容量、超宽幅混合 VUTEk h 系列平台的增强版。 VUTEk h+ 系列中实施的改进旨在提升整体效能，包括提高用户的生产力、列印品质、可靠性、功能和获利能力。

技术难度及必备能力

全球市场受到混合印刷设备技术复杂性的严重限制。整合多种印刷技术（包括数位技术和传统技术）需要专业知识和熟练程度。缺乏合格的工人可能是由于管理和维护这些系统的困难造成的，特别是在缺乏技术专业知识的领域或部门。

这项限制可能会使采用混合列印解决方案的公司更难运营，这可能会扰乱营运并降低生产效率。为了缩小技能差距并确保混合列印设备的有效使用，可能需要全面的培训计划和使用者友好的介面。

初始投资成本有限

限制全球产业的主要障碍是混合印刷设备所需的昂贵的初始投资。数位转传统印刷需要复杂且专业的组件，这增加了初始费用。对于中型企业（SME）和资本资源较低的公司来说，这种财务障碍构成了严重的障碍。这些价格过高的特征可能会导致采用率下降，这将限制可能使用混合列印解决方案的企业范围。

在经济困难时期或资本支出受到严格监控的经济领域，大量的前期投资会成为障碍。企业可能会推迟采用混合列印技术或优先考虑更实惠的选择，这将限制市场的扩张潜力。製造商和其他利害关係人必须研究新的融资途径，提供负担得起的混合列印解决方案或提供激励措施来促进采用，特别是在中小企业中，以克服这一限制。

The market for hybrid printing equipment is expanding as a result of the growing need for on-demand and short-run printing. It is sometimes difficult for traditional printing techniques to provide bespoke prints or modest amounts of print work quickly enough. Because hybrid printing technology combines digital and analog processes, it can create changeable data prints at a reasonable cost and allows for fast work changes.

The market for hybrid printing equipment is expanding due to its unmatched flexibility and adaptability. Paper, plastics, metal, textiles and other substrates may all be printed on with these systems by fusing digital and conventional printing methods. Businesses can accommodate a variety of applications, from labels and packaging to signs and promotional items, by easily transferring between multiple printing technologies.

Asia-Pacific is among the growing regions in the global hybrid printing equipment market covering more than 1/3rd of the market. The Asia-Pacific demand for hybrid printing solutions has been fueled by consumers' growing knowledge of and preference for personalized and aesthetically pleasing items. Packaging, labels and promotional materials may all be produced with superior quality and personalization because of hybrid printing equipment's ability to seamlessly combine digital and conventional printing techniques.

Dynamics

Increasing Use of Hybrid Printing Equipment in the Automotive Sector

The automotive sector has observed growth in the use of hybrid printing technology, especially in the creation of personalized interior parts. Consumer choices in the automobile business are increasingly influenced by interior design and customization. With hybrid printing, complex patterns, textures and logos may be printed with accuracy and quality on a variety of interior surfaces, such as dashboards, panels and trims.

For Instance, in 2023, US metal 3D printer manufacturer Additec launched its latest model, the Hybrid 3, at Formnext 2023. The cutting-edge 3D printer incorporates liquid metal jetting (LMJ), laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) and CNC capabilities into a single platform. With a primary focus on automotive applications, the Hybrid 3 boasts a 0.5 mm LMJ resolution and an impressive 4 kg/hr LDED deposition rate. Featuring dual additive processing heads, it enables multi-material metal 3D printing and is currently compatible with materials such as iron, nickel, aluminum and copper alloys.

Technological Advancements in Digital Printing

The global market for hybrid printing equipment is growing as a result of significant advancements in digital printing technology. Hybrid printing systems function better and are more efficient because of the ongoing advancements in digital printing, such as printhead technology, ink formulas and color management. Benefits like flexible data printing, rapid changeovers and less waste are provided by digital printing, which is in line with a growing demand in the sector for low-cost and green solutions.

For Instance, in 2024, Electronics For Imaging, Inc. introduced the EFI VUTEk h3+ and VUTEk h5+ hybrid flatbed/roll-fed LED printer series, showcasing upgraded printing and media handling capabilities. The new printer models represent an enhanced iteration of the high-volume, superwide-format hybrid VUTEk h series platform. The refinements implemented in the VUTEk h+ series are designed to elevate overall performance, encompassing improvements in productivity, print quality, reliability, capabilities and profitability for users.

Technical Difficulty and Essential Capabilities

The global market is severely constrained by the technological complexity of hybrid printing equipment. Expertise and proficiency are needed to integrate several printing technologies, including digital and conventional techniques. A lack of qualified workers might be caused by the difficulty of managing and maintaining these systems, especially in areas or sectors with a dearth of expertise in technology.

The restriction may make it harder for companies employing hybrid printing solutions to run their operations, which might disrupt operations and reduce production efficiency. To close the skill gap and guarantee the efficient use of hybrid printing equipment, thorough training programs, and user-friendly interfaces could be required.

Limited Initial Investment Cost

The main barrier that limits the globally industry is the expensive initial investment needed for hybrid printing equipment. Digital-to-traditional printing requires sophisticated and specialized components, which raises the initial expenses. For medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and companies with low capital resources, this financial barrier presents a serious obstacle. A slower adoption rate may arise from these prices' exorbitant character, which would restrict the spectrum of enterprises that may use hybrid printing solutions.

The large upfront investment acts as a barrier during hard times economically or in sectors of the economy where capital spending is strictly monitored. Businesses might delay adopting hybrid printing technologies or give priority to more affordable options, which would limit the market's potential for expansion. Manufacturers and other stakeholders must investigate new funding avenues, provide affordable hybrid printing solutions or offer incentives to promote adoption, especially among SMEs, to get around this limitation.

Segment Analysis

The global hybrid printing equipment market is segmented based on product, component, printing substrate, technology, application and region.

Rising Demand for UV Inkjet Printing in Printing Applications

The UV inkjet printing segment is among the growing regions in the global hybrid printing equipment market covering more than 1/3rd of the market. UV inkjet printing's capacity to provide brilliant, long-lasting prints with quick curing periods is one of its main benefits. Because of its speed and effectiveness, UV inkjet printing is appropriate for high-volume and on-demand printing applications, which fits perfectly with the expanding trend of customized and short-run printing demands across a variety of industries.

Because UV inkjet printing offers more adaptability and compatibility with a broad range of substrates, including paper, plastics and metals, its rise has been a major driving force in the global market for hybrid printing equipment. Due to its versatility, hybrid printing equipment using UV inkjet technology is becoming more and more in demand for use in packaging, labels, signs and other sectors.

Geographical Penetration

Increasing Developments and Demand for Creative and Visually Appealing Products in Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific has been a dominant force in the global hybrid printing equipment market driven by the growing adoption of digital printing technologies and an increasing demand for creative and visually pleasing packaging solutions driving the Asia-Pacific market. As companies want to increase security and cooperation, cloud-based printing solutions are becoming more and more popular in Asia-Pacific.

Advancements in print head and ink formulation technologies have enhanced hybrid printer performance, color gamut and print speed, making them more effective and competitive. Ricoh Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd. (Japan) announced the release of the Pro VC7000 hybrid printer in February 2022. The printer has a printhead that can switch between producing inkjet and toner. For instance, the printer can create excellent prints on a range of materials, such as paper, plastic and fabrics.

The Asia-Pacific demand for hybrid printing solutions has been fueled by consumers' growing knowledge of and preference for customized and visually appealing items. Packaging, labels and promotional materials may all be produced with superior quality and customization because of hybrid printing equipment's ability to seamlessly combine digital and conventional printing techniques. The has shown to be especially helpful for sectors including retail, where distinctive packaging may raise customer awareness of brands and increase consumer interaction.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The global market for hybrid printing equipment has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. A decrease in production and a reduction in the market for printing equipment resulted from the pandemic's rapid and broad disruptions, which included lockdowns, disturbances in the supply chain and economic uncertainty. The general dynamics of the market were impacted by the numerous companies that suspended or abandoned their investment plans, particularly those in non-essential industries.

Companies like publishing and advertising, which are big users of printing technology, including hybrid solutions, were also hurt by the transition to remote work and portability limitations. The pandemic's impact on the market situation was largely determined by supply chain disruptions. Obtaining parts and raw materials proved to be difficult for manufacturers, which resulted in higher manufacturing costs and delays.

Additionally, the industries' resistance to investing in new printing technology was influenced by their cautious approach and the uncertainty surrounding the scope and length of the epidemic. Positively, there may have been a spike in demand for some hybrid printing applications, such as packaging and labeling, as a result of the pandemic's emphasis on e-commerce and the necessity for effective packaging solutions.

The market for hybrid printing equipment saw adjustments to the new normal as circumstances changed. The necessity for flexible and agile printing processes, the pace of digital transformation initiatives and the focus on contactless solutions all intensified. With their capacity to blend digital and conventional printing techniques, hybrid printing technologies would have drawn interest from companies looking for flexible and adaptive ways to deal with the pandemic's problems.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The dispute between Russia and Ukraine may affect the global market for hybrid printing supplies in some ways. The manufacture and delivery of parts for printing equipment may be impacted by shortages in the supply chain driven by political disputes. Manufacturers may experience higher expenses and longer lead times as a result, which would affect the global availability of hybrid printing solutions.

Furthermore, the conflict's uncertainties may force companies to reconsider their investment choices, which might result in a reduction in capital spending on printing technologies including hybrid solutions. Moreover, the war's economic effects can have an impact on market dynamics. The region's and the world's economic volatility may have an impact on consumer confidence and purchasing power, which might change demand for hybrid printing supplies.

The Russian and Ukrainian markets provide unique problems to companies operating in or closely associated with them and their integration of economies may cause a knock-on impact on the global market as a whole. The length and intensity of the war, as well as the geopolitical and diplomatic reactions of other countries, will determine how much of an influence these factors play.

By Product

UV Inkjet Printing
Water Based Printing
Solvent Printing
LED Curable
Dye Sublimation
Others

By Component

Hardware
- Printers
- Printheads
- Ink Delivery Systems
- Dryers
- Others
Software
Services

By Printing Substrate

Paper
Plastic
Metal
Glass
Textiles
Others

By Technology

Digital-to-analog Hybrid Printing
Analog-to-digital Hybrid Printing

By Application

Labels and Packaging
Security Printing
Decorative Printing
Functional and Industrial Printing
Commercial Printing
Publishing
Advertising
Textiles
Others

By Region

North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Mexico
Europe
- Germany
- UK
- France
- Italy
- Russia
- Rest of Europe
South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
Asia-Pacific
- China
- India
- Japan
- Australia
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

On February 08, 2024, Onward Display acquired an EFI Pro 30h UV LED hybrid printer from CMYUK, enhancing its in-house capabilities for soft signage and textile printing. The 3.2-meter-wide, state-of-the-art printer is a major improvement over Onward Display's previous manufacturing capabilities. The new printer is strategically placed at Onward Display's location within The Business Design Centre (BDC) in Islington. Over time, the firm has made a name for itself as a preferred print and signage partner.
On February 14.2024, Electronics For Imaging, Inc. introduced the EFI VUTEk h3+ and VUTEk h5+ hybrid flatbed/roll-fed LED printer series, showcasing upgraded printing and media handling capabilities. The new printer models represent an enhanced iteration of the high-volume, superwide-format hybrid VUTEk h series platform. The refinements implemented in the VUTEk h+ series are designed to elevate overall performance, encompassing improvements in productivity, print quality, reliability, capabilities and profitability for users.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include FUJIFILM Holdings America Corporation, HP Inc.,Bobst, Electronics For lmaging, Seiko Epson Corporation, Koenig & Bauer Durst GmbH, KTK, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, Xeikon and Kento Digital Printing.

Why Purchase the Report?

To visualize the global hybrid printing equipment market segmentation based on product, component, printing substrate, technology, application and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
Excel data sheet with numerous data points of hybrid printing equipment market-level with all segments.
PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
Product mapping available as Excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global hybrid printing equipment market report would provide approximately 78 tables, 83 figures and 236 Pages.

Target Audience 2024

Manufacturers/ Buyers
Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
Research Professionals
Emerging Companies

1.Methodology and Scope

1.1.Research Methodology
1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

3.1.Snippet by Product
3.2.Snippet by Component
3.3.Snippet by Printing Substrate
3.4.Snippet by Technology
3.5.Snippet by Application
3.6.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

4.1.Impacting Factors
- 4.1.1.Drivers
  - 4.1.1.1.Increasing Use of Hybrid Printing Equipment in the Automotive Sector
  - 4.1.1.2.Technological Advancements in Digital Printing
- 4.1.2.Restraints
  - 4.1.2.1.Technical Difficulty and Essential Capabilities
  - 4.1.2.2.Limited Initial Investment Cost
- 4.1.3.Opportunity
- 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
5.3.Pricing Analysis
5.4.Regulatory Analysis
5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
- 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
- 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
- 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
6.6.Conclusion

7.By Product

7.1.Introduction
- 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Product
7.2.UV Inkjet Printing*
- 7.2.1.Introduction
- 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
7.3.Water Based Printing
7.4.Solvent Printing
7.5.LED Curable
7.6.Dye Sublimation
7.7.Others

8.By Component

8.1.Introduction
- 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Component
8.2.Hardware*
- 8.2.1.Introduction
- 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
- 8.2.3.Printers
- 8.2.4.Printheads
- 8.2.5.Ink Delivery Systems
- 8.2.6.Dryers
- 8.2.7.Others
8.3.Software
8.4.Services

9.By Printing Substrate

9.1.Introduction
- 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Printing Substrate
9.2.Paper*
- 9.2.1.Introduction
- 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
9.3.Plastic
9.4.Metal
9.5.Glass
9.6.Textiles
9.7.Others

10.By Technology

10.1.Introduction
- 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Technology
10.2.Digital-to-analog Hybrid Printing*
- 10.2.1.Introduction
- 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
10.3.Analog-to-digital Hybrid Printing

11.By Application

11.1.Introduction
- 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
11.2.Labels and Packaging*
- 11.2.1.Introduction
- 11.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
11.3.Security Printing
11.4.Decorative Printing
11.5.Functional and Industrial Printing
11.6.Commercial Printing
11.7.Publishing
11.8.Advertising
11.9.Textiles
11.10.Others

12.By Region

12.1.Introduction
- 12.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
- 12.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
12.2.North America
- 12.2.1.Introduction
- 12.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 12.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 12.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 12.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 12.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 12.2.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 12.2.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 12.2.8.1.U.S.
  - 12.2.8.2.Canada
  - 12.2.8.3.Mexico
12.3.Europe
- 12.3.1.Introduction
- 12.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 12.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 12.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 12.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 12.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 12.3.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 12.3.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 12.3.8.1.Germany
  - 12.3.8.2.UK
  - 12.3.8.3.France
  - 12.3.8.4.Russia
  - 12.3.8.5.Spain
  - 12.3.8.6.Rest of Europe
12.4.South America
- 12.4.1.Introduction
- 12.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 12.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 12.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 12.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 12.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 12.4.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 12.4.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 12.4.8.1.Brazil
  - 12.4.8.2.Argentina
  - 12.4.8.3.Rest of South America
12.5.Asia-Pacific
- 12.5.1.Introduction
- 12.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 12.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 12.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 12.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 12.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 12.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 12.5.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 12.5.8.1.China
  - 12.5.8.2.India
  - 12.5.8.3.Japan
  - 12.5.8.4.Australia
  - 12.5.8.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
12.6.Middle East and Africa
- 12.6.1.Introduction
- 12.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 12.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
- 12.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
- 12.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Printing Substrate
- 12.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
- 12.6.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application

13.Competitive Landscape

13.1.Competitive Scenario
13.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
13.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14.Company Profiles

14.1.FUJIFILM Holdings America Corporation*
- 14.1.1.Company Overview
- 14.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
- 14.1.3.Financial Overview
- 14.1.4.Key Developments
14.2.HP Inc.
14.3.Bobst
14.4.Electronics For lmaging
14.5.Seiko Epson Corporation
14.6.Koenig & Bauer Durst GmbH
14.7.KTK
14.8.Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
14.9.Xeikon
14.10.Kento Digital Printing

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15.Appendix

15.1.About Us and Services
15.2.Contact Us

02-2729-4219

+886-2-2729-4219

License/价格

全球混合印刷设备市场 - 2024-2031

Global Hybrid Printing Equipment Market - 2024-2031

目录

目录

第 1 章：方法与范围

第 2 章：定义与概述

第 3 章：执行摘要

第 4 章：动力学

第 5 章：产业分析

第 6 章：COVID-19 分析

第 7 章：副产品

第 8 章：按组件

第 9 章：透过印刷基材

第 10 章：按技术

第 11 章：按申请

第 12 章：按地区

第13章：竞争格局

第 14 章：公司简介

第 15 章：附录