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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1594839

全球断路器市场 - 2024-2031

Global Circuit Breaker Market - 2024-2031

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 234 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

概述

2023年,全球断路器市场规模达到191.6亿美元,预计2031年将达296.8亿美元,2024-2031年预测期间复合年增长率为5.62%。

在技​​术进步、电力需求增加和再生能源使用的推动下,断路器产业正在经历显着的扩张和创新。作为能源领域的重要参与者。再生能源和电网现代化计划的有针对性的支出正在推动对高压断路器的需求。

随着用电量的增加,该地区城市化和工业的加速发展需要可靠的配电基础设施。全球许多国家所拥有的电力基础设施不足以维持多样化营运所需的品质标准和大规模电力传输。 20 世纪 40 年代初开发的技术现在已成为过时的电力基础设施。

根据美国能源部的数据,70% 的输电和变压器线路使用年限超过 25 年,而 60% 的断路器使用年限超过 30 年。公司正在优先考虑基础设施的现代化或改造,以支援新时代的电力技术并确保可靠性。因此,电力基础设施不足可能会为断路器和熔断器产业带来成长前景。

动力学

不断发展的基础设施

在人口成长、都市化和工业化的推动下,全球住宅、商业、政府和工业基础设施建设不断增加,对断路器系统的需求不断增加。根据世界银行的数据,全球包括建筑业在内的工业部门增加价值从2019年的23.47兆美元增加至2022年的27.76兆美元,对基础设施扩张产生了重大影响。

基础设施需要断路器透过在过载或故障期间终止电路来确保运行安全和效率,从而最大限度地减少设备损坏并降低电气火灾的风险。智慧技术和物联网(IoT)融入基础设施专案增加了智慧电路保护解决方案的必要性,从而培养了良好的市场前景。

越来越多采用智慧电网技术

智慧电网意味着电力系统的技术进步,促进公用事业和消费者之间的双向通讯。全球电力公司正逐步投资智慧电网技术,以加强电力设备管理。智慧电网透过分散式发电和储存技术促进需求灵活性并增加消费者对能源系统营运的参与。物联网(IoT)的出现加速了输配电网路智慧技术的进步。

智慧断路器 (SCB) 对于这一进步至关重要,它提供卓越的保护以及电网故障的智慧检测和管理。这些系统需要有弹性的网路通讯架构来监督大量连接的组件并确保即时资讯传输。全球各国政府正在製定法规,以促进智慧电网的采用、提高节能意识并刺激不同行业的市场扩张。美国 ARRA 指定的 34 亿美元资金支持了这些计画。

严格的环境和安全法规

《京都议定书》将六氟化硫 (SF6) 指定为最强的温室气体 (GHG) 之一,其全球暖化潜势 (GWP) 为 23,000。政府间气候变迁专门委员会(IPCC)将其归类为非常有害,并主导议定书推动减排。目前,没有任何替代品可以与 SF6 的效率相媲美,导致其高昂的购买价格和监管限制阻碍了成长。 SF6 断路器经常出现接头不理想的情况,导致气体洩漏,由于气体的密度比空气大,因此存在窒息危险。

此外,SF6 的弯曲结构如果被吸入可能会造成危险。美国环保署 (EPA) 正在积极寻求识别 SF6 洩漏的方法,特别是在电弧事件期间。在清洁、干燥的环境中进行持续维护对于避免损坏精密零件至关重要。 SF6 的运输和维护需要专业设施,因为气体品质的任何恶化都会直接影响这些断路器的可靠性。这项挑战需要产业利害关係人和技术专家提出新的解决方案。

目录

第 1 章:方法与范围

第 2 章:定义与概述

第 3 章:执行摘要

第 4 章:动力学

  • 影响因素
    • 司机
      • 不断发展的基础设施
      • 越来越多采用智慧电网技术
    • 限制
      • 严格的环境和安全法规
    • 机会
    • 影响分析

第 5 章:产业分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供应链分析
  • 定价分析
  • 监管分析
  • 俄乌战争影响分析
  • DMI 意见

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

第 7 章:按电压

  • 低电压
  • 中压
  • 高压

第 8 章:按组件

  • 断路器
  • 保险丝

第 9 章:按技术

  • 空气鼓风断路器
  • 真空断路器
  • 油断路器
  • SF6断路器
  • 其他的

第 10 章:透过安装

  • 室内的
  • 户外的

第 11 章:按额定电压

  • 高达 500V
  • 500V-50kV
  • 50kV - 300kV
  • 300kV - 800kV
  • 800kV以上

第 12 章:最终用户

  • 住宅
  • 商业的
  • 工业的
  • 公用事业
  • 其他的

第 13 章:按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 亚太
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东和非洲

第14章:竞争格局

  • 竞争场景
  • 市场定位/份额分析
  • 併购分析

第 15 章:公司简介

  • ABB Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 产品组合和描述
    • 财务概览
    • 主要进展
  • Bel Fuse Inc.
  • Schneider Electric SE
  • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
  • Eaton Corporation plc
  • General Electric Company
  • Siemens AG
  • Rockwell Automation, Inc.
  • Larsen & Toubro Limited
  • NXP Semiconductors NV
  • SCHURTER Holding AG

第 16 章:附录

简介目录
Product Code: EP286

Overview

Global Circuit Breaker Market reached US$ 19.16 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 29.68 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 5.62% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

The circuit breaker sector is seeing significant expansion and innovation, propelled by technological advancements, increasing electrical demand and the use of renewable energy sources. As a significant actor in the energy sector. Targeted expenditures in renewable energy and grid modernization initiatives are propelling the need for high-voltage circuit breakers.

Accelerated urbanization and industry in the region are necessitating dependable power distribution infrastructure amid increasing electricity usage. Numerous countries globally possess power infrastructures that are inadequate to maintain the requisite standards of quality and large-scale power transmission necessary for diverse operations. Technologies developed in the early 1940s are now manifested as obsolete electric infrastructure.

According to US Department of Energy, 70% of transmission and transformer lines exceed 25 years in age, while 60% of circuit breakers surpass 30 years. Companies are prioritizing the modernization or transformation of infrastructure to support the new era of electric technologies and ensure reliability. Consequently, insufficient electrical power infrastructure is likely to present growth prospects for the circuit breaker and fuse industry.

Dynamics

Rising Infrastructure

The increasing global building of residential, commercial, governmental and industrial infrastructure, driven by population growth, urbanization and industrialization, is creating a demand for circuit breaker systems. According to the World Bank, the value added to the industrial sector, including construction, increased from US$ 23.47 trillion in 2019 to US$ 27.76 trillion in 2022 globally, significantly influencing infrastructure expansion.

The infrastructure necessitates circuit breakers to guarantee operational safety and efficiency by terminating electrical circuits during overloads or faults, thus minimizing equipment damage and reducing the risk of electrical fires. The incorporation of smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) into infrastructure projects enhances the necessity for intelligent circuit protection solutions, hence fostering a favorable market outlook.

Increasing Adoption Of Smart Grid Technologies

A smart grid signifies a technological enhancement in electrical systems, facilitating bidirectional communication between utilities and consumers. Global power utilities are progressively investing in smart grid technologies to enhance power equipment management. Smart grids facilitate demand flexibility and increase consumer engagement in energy system operations via distributed generating and storage technologies. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has expedited the advancement of intelligent technologies in electricity transmission and distribution networks.

Smart circuit breakers (SCBs) are essential to this advancement, providing superior protection together with intelligent detection and management of grid failures. These systems necessitate a resilient network communication architecture to oversee the multitude of connected components and guarantee real-time information transmission. Global governments are instituting regulations to facilitate smart grid adoption, enhancing awareness of energy conservation and stimulating market expansion across diverse industries. Substantial money, shown by the US$ 3.4 billion designated by the ARRA in the US, bolsters these programs.

Stringent Environmental And Safety Regulations

The Kyoto Protocol designates sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as one of the most powerful greenhouse gases (GHGs), possessing a global warming potential (GWP) of 23,000. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) categorizes it as very detrimental, leading the Protocol to promote emissions reductions. At present, no alternatives can rival the efficiency of SF6, rendering its high procurement prices and regulatory constraints impediments to growth. SF6 circuit breakers frequently experience suboptimal joints, resulting in gas leakage that presents a suffocation hazard due to the gas's greater density than air.

Furthermore, the curved configuration of SF6 may be hazardous if breathed. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proactively pursuing methods to identify SF6 leaks, particularly during arcing incidents. Consistent upkeep in a clean, arid setting is essential to avert harm to delicate components. The transportation and maintenance of SF6 necessitate specialist facilities, as any deterioration in gas quality directly affects the reliability of these circuit breakers. This challenge requires new solutions from industry stakeholders and technological specialists.

Segment Analysis

The global circuit breakers market is segmented based on voltage type, component, technology, installation, rated voltage, end-user and region.

Dominance of Vacuum Circuit Breakers in Power Protection Technology with Superior Insulation and Environmental Advancements

The vacuum circuit breaker technology category has commanded a significant part of the market in recent years. The vacuum circuit breaker possesses a superior insulating medium for arc extinction relative to other circuit breakers. Vacuum is a superior dielectric medium compared to many other insulating materials used in circuit breakers. It surpasses all other media, excluding air and SF6, which are utilized under high pressure. When an arc is extinguished by separating the contacts in a vacuum, an interruption transpires at the initial current zero. With arc interruption, their dielectric strength improves by a factor of thousands compared to other breakers.

In August 2022, Eaton introduced the MV VCPW-HD Medium-Voltage Vacuum Breaker. It surpasses user expectations with unparalleled durability and a space-efficient design. The VCPW-HD seal safeguards against dust and pollutants, ensuring prolonged equipment longevity. It is optimal for elevated altitudes, minimal shock, vibration and high ambient temperatures. The VCPW-HD is the unequivocal selection for ecologically aware individuals as it contains no SF6 gas.

Geographical Penetration

Asia-Pacific Dominance Driven By Power Transmission, Distribution and Renewable Energy Initiatives

The Asia-Pacific region possessed the biggest global market share for circuit breakers. The region is partitioned into China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and the remainder of the Asia-Pacific. China is the largest and most rapidly expanding market in the region. China is regarded as the preeminent authority in power transmission and distribution. The region's principal objective is to construct transmission lines that can convey substantial loads over extensive distances and to establish a reliable electricity infrastructure nationwide. Renewable energy initiatives such as wind and solar are rapidly expanding and evolving in China.

The Chinese government recently enacted the Renewable Energy Law, establishing a target of 20% of primary energy consumption derived from renewable sources. The Chinese government has commenced construction of the Three Gorges on Land wind project in Gansu province, which has the capacity to generate 22 GW of power. Consequently, it is probable that an increase in renewable energy projects will correspond with a rise in substation installations.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include ABB Ltd., Bel Fuse Inc., Schneider Electric SE, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Eaton Corporation plc, General Electric Company, Siemens AG, Rockwell Automation, Inc., Larsen & Toubro Limited, NXP Semiconductors N.V., SCHURTER Holding AG.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has profoundly impacted the worldwide supply chain for circuit breakers, especially for components dependent on materials procured from Eastern Europe. Prior to the conflict, Ukraine served as a significant source of diverse raw materials, such as copper and aluminum, crucial for the production of electrical equipment.

The conflict has resulted in production setbacks and price increases, with copper prices escalating by more than 20% since early 2022. The supply chain disruptions have resulted in elevated expenses for businesses and, subsequently, increased prices for consumers.

Furthermore, geopolitical concerns have prompted a transition to alternate procurement techniques, as firms seek to diminish dependence on Eastern European suppliers. This has resulted in an increasing trend of investing in domestic manufacturing capacities and investigating alternate materials to alleviate hazards.

By Voltage

  • Low Voltage
  • Medium Voltage
  • High Voltage

By Component

  • Circuit Breaker
  • Fuse

By Technology

  • Air Blast Circuit Breakers
  • Vacuum Circuit Breakers
  • Oil Circuit Breaker
  • SF6 Circuit Breaker
  • Others

By Installation

  • Indoor
  • Outdoor

By Rated Voltage

  • Upto 500V
  • 500V - 50kV
  • 50kV - 300kV
  • 300kV - 800kV
  • Above 800kV

By End-User

  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Industrial
  • Utility
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In September 2022, Schneider Electric Infrastructure Ltd. (SEIL) declared its intention to establish a new manufacturing facility for vacuum circuit breakers in West Bengal, India. SEIL asserted that the capacity expansion will enable the company to satisfy domestic demand and enhance exports to Schneider Electric's international divisions.
  • In August 2022, Siemens AG introduced the 3VA UL big frame molded case circuit breakers, facilitating the development of robust, secure and intelligent systems, while enhancing and streamlining work processes.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global circuit breakers market segmentation based on voltage type, component, technology, installation, rated voltage, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of the circuit breakers market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global circuit breakers market report would provide approximately 89 tables, 87 figures and 234 Pages

Target Audience 2024

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Research Methodology
  • 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Snippet by Voltage
  • 3.2. Snippet by Component
  • 3.3. Snippet by Technology
  • 3.4. Snippet by Installation
  • 3.5. Snippet by Rated Voltage
  • 3.6. Snippet by End-User
  • 3.7. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

  • 4.1. Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1. Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1. Rising Infrastructure
      • 4.1.1.2. Increasing Adoption Of Smart Grid Technologies
    • 4.1.2. Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1. Stringent Environmental And Safety Regulations
    • 4.1.3. Opportunity
    • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

  • 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5. Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6. DMI Opinion

6. COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID-19
    • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID-19
    • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID-19
  • 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Voltage

  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Voltage
    • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Voltage
  • 7.2. Low Voltage*
    • 7.2.1. Introduction
    • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3. Medium Voltage
  • 7.4. High Voltage

8. By Component

  • 8.1. Introduction
    • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Component
  • 8.2. Circuit Breaker*
    • 8.2.1. Introduction
    • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3. Fuse

9. By Technology

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Technology
  • 9.2. Air Blast Circuit Breakers*
    • 9.2.1. Introduction
    • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3. Vacuum Circuit Breakers
  • 9.4. Oil Circuit Breaker
  • 9.5. SF6 Circuit Breaker
  • 9.6. Others

10. By Installation

  • 10.1. Introduction
    • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Installation
  • 10.2. Indoor*
    • 10.2.1. Introduction
    • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3. Outdoor

11. By Rated Voltage

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Rated Voltage
  • 11.2. Upto 500V*
    • 11.2.1. Introduction
    • 11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3. 500V - 50kV
  • 11.4. 50kV - 300kV
  • 11.5. 300kV - 800kV
  • 11.6. Above 800kV

12. By End-User

  • 12.1. Introduction
    • 12.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 12.2. Residential*
    • 12.2.1. Introduction
    • 12.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 12.3. Commercial
  • 12.4. Industrial
  • 12.5. Utility
  • 12.6. Others

13. By Region

  • 13.1. Introduction
    • 13.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 13.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 13.2. North America
    • 13.2.1. Introduction
    • 13.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Voltage
    • 13.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 13.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 13.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 13.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 13.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.2.9. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.2.9.1. US
      • 13.2.9.2. Canada
      • 13.2.9.3. Mexico
  • 13.3. Europe
    • 13.3.1. Introduction
    • 13.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Voltage
    • 13.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 13.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 13.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 13.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 13.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.3.9. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.3.9.1. Germany
      • 13.3.9.2. UK
      • 13.3.9.3. France
      • 13.3.9.4. Italy
      • 13.3.9.5. Spain
      • 13.3.9.6. Rest of Europe
  • 13.4. South America
    • 13.4.1. Introduction
    • 13.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Voltage
    • 13.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 13.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 13.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 13.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 13.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.4.9. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.4.9.1. Brazil
      • 13.4.9.2. Argentina
      • 13.4.9.3. Rest of South America
  • 13.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 13.5.1. Introduction
    • 13.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Voltage
    • 13.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 13.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 13.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 13.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 13.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 13.5.9. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.5.9.1. China
      • 13.5.9.2. India
      • 13.5.9.3. Japan
      • 13.5.9.4. Australia
      • 13.5.9.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 13.6. Middle East and Africa
    • 13.6.1. Introduction
    • 13.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 13.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 13.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Installation
    • 13.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Rated Voltage
    • 13.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

14. Competitive Landscape

  • 14.1. Competitive Scenario
  • 14.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 14.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

15. Company Profiles

  • 15.1. ABB Ltd.*
    • 15.1.1. Company Overview
    • 15.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
    • 15.1.3. Financial Overview
    • 15.1.4. Key Developments
  • 15.2. Bel Fuse Inc.
  • 15.3. Schneider Electric SE
  • 15.4. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
  • 15.5. Eaton Corporation plc
  • 15.6. General Electric Company
  • 15.7. Siemens AG
  • 15.8. Rockwell Automation, Inc.
  • 15.9. Larsen & Toubro Limited
  • 15.10. NXP Semiconductors N.V.
  • 15.11. SCHURTER Holding AG

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

16. Appendix

  • 16.1. About Us and Services
  • 16.2. Contact Us