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氢的全球市场(2025年～2035年)
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1671370

氢的全球市场(2025年～2035年)

The Global Hydrogen Market 2025-2035
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 491 Pages, 144 Tables, 124 Figures, 285 Companies Profiled | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

全球氢能市场正处于从传统工业用途转变为全球能源转型基石的关键时刻。该市场目前价值约 2000 亿美元，历史上一直以未经碳捕获的天然气生产的 "灰氢" 为主，主要用于氨生产、石油精炼和化学品製造。在脱碳要求的推动下，这个市场正经历根本性的转变。随着各国和企业致力于实现净零目标，绿色氢气（透过再生能源电解生产）和蓝色氢气（透过碳捕获由天然气生产）的发展势头强劲。这项转变的支撑因素是再生电力成本的大幅下降、电解槽技术的进步以及全球政策支持的不断增强。

引领氢能发展的重点地区包括欧盟。作为氢能战略的一部分，欧盟承诺在2030年安装40吉瓦的电解槽容量。同样，日本、韩国和中国也制定了雄心勃勃的氢能路线图，重点在于国内生产和国际供应链。美国透过对《两党基础设施法》和《通膨削减法案》的大量投资，加速了其氢能发展目标，并在美国各地建立了氢能中心。

运输业是氢气最有前景的应用领域之一，特别是在重型车辆、航运和航空领域，这些领域的电池电气化仍然是一个课题。各大汽车製造商都在投资燃料电池汽车，全球规模虽小但正在不断扩大的氢燃料基础设施正在不断建设中。在工业领域，钢铁生产正在开发使用氢气作为还原剂来取代煤炭，欧洲已有多个示范计画投入营运。能源储存提供了另一个重要机会。氢气可以作为长期储存过剩再生电力的手段，解决间歇性问题。此外，将氢气混合到现有的天然气网路中正在作为过渡性脱碳策略进行测试。

儘管取得了进展，但市场仍面临重大课题。儘管差距正在缩小，但绿氢的生产成本仍然高于化石燃料替代品。运输和储存所需的基础设施需要大量投资，监管框架仍在不断发展。安全问题和社会认知问题也需要透过标准化和教育来解决。市场前景越来越看好。预测显示，2050年，氢能可满足全球24%的能源需求，2040年市场规模将达7,000亿美元。预计到2030年，绿色氢的成本将下降60%-80%，在许多地区可与灰氢相媲美。到 2050 年，年产量可能会从目前的约 9,000 万吨增加到 5 亿至 7 亿吨。

投资趋势支持这一乐观前景，2024 年全球宣布的氢能项目总额将超过 3000 亿美元，儘管其中许多项目仍处于规划阶段。未来十年至关重要，因为该行业将从试点计画走向商业规模，需要持续的政策支援、技术创新和跨部门合作。

本报告提供2025年～2035年的氢的市场形势详细分析，提供氢价值链，新技术，竞争动态，地区市场发展等资讯。

目录

第1章 简介

  • 氢的分类
  • 全球能源需要与消费
  • 氢经济和生产
  • 减少氢气生产过程中的二氧化碳排放
  • 氢价值链
  • 国家的氢的配合措施
  • 市场课题

第2章 氢市场分析

  • 产业的发展(2020年～2025年)
  • 市场地图
  • 全球氢生产

第3章 氢的种类

  • 比较分析
  • 绿氢能
  • 蓝色氢气（低碳氢气）
  • 粉红色氢
  • 绿松石

第4章 与氢的贮存运输

  • 市场概要
  • 氢的运输方法
  • 氢的压缩，液化，贮存
  • 市场参与企业

第5章 氢的利用

  • 氢燃料电池
  • 替代燃料生产
  • 氢汽车
  • 航空
  • 氨生产
  • 甲醇生产
  • 製铁
  • 电力·环境热能的生成
  • 海运
  • 燃料电池列车

第6章 企业简介(企业285公司的简介)

第7章 调查手法

第8章 参考文献

The global hydrogen market stands at a pivotal moment in its evolution, transitioning from its traditional industrial applications to becoming a cornerstone of the global energy transition. Currently valued at approximately $200 billion, the market has historically been dominated by "gray hydrogen" produced from natural gas without carbon capture, primarily serving ammonia production, petroleum refining, and chemical manufacturing. The market is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by decarbonization imperatives. Green hydrogen (produced via renewable-powered electrolysis) and blue hydrogen (produced from natural gas with carbon capture) are gaining momentum as countries and corporations commit to net-zero targets. This shift is supported by plummeting costs of renewable electricity, technological advancements in electrolyzers, and expanding policy support worldwide.

Key regions leading hydrogen development include the European Union, which has committed to installing 40GW of electrolyzer capacity by 2030 as part of its Hydrogen Strategy. Similarly, Japan, South Korea, and China have established ambitious hydrogen roadmaps focusing on both domestic production and international supply chains. The United States has accelerated its hydrogen ambitions through significant investments in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act, establishing hydrogen hubs across the country.

The transportation sector represents one of hydrogen's most promising applications, particularly for heavy-duty vehicles, shipping, and aviation where battery electrification faces challenges. Major automotive manufacturers are investing in fuel cell vehicles, while hydrogen fueling infrastructure continues to expand globally, albeit from a small base. In the industrial sector, steel production is pioneering hydrogen use as a reduction agent to replace coal, with several demonstration projects already operational in Europe. Energy storage presents another significant opportunity, with hydrogen serving as a means to store excess renewable electricity over extended periods, addressing intermittency challenges. Additionally, hydrogen blending into existing natural gas networks is being tested as a transitional decarbonization strategy.

Despite this progress, the market faces substantial challenges. Production costs for green hydrogen remain higher than fossil alternatives, though the gap is narrowing. Infrastructure for transportation and storage requires massive investment, while regulatory frameworks are still evolving. Safety concerns and public perception issues also need addressing through standardization and education. The market outlook appears increasingly favorable. Projections suggest hydrogen could meet up to 24% of global energy demand by 2050, with the market potentially reaching $700 billion by 2040. Costs for green hydrogen are expected to decrease by 60-80% by 2030, achieving cost parity with gray hydrogen in many regions. Annual production could grow from approximately 90 million tonnes today to 500-700 million tonnes by 2050.

Investment trends confirm this optimistic outlook, with over $300 billion in hydrogen projects announced globally by 2024, though many remain in planning stages. The coming decade will be critical as the industry moves from pilot projects to commercial scale, requiring continued policy support, technological innovation, and cross-sector collaboration.

"The Global Hydrogen Market 2025-2035" provides an in-depth analysis of the hydrogen market landscape from 2025-2035, covering all aspects of the hydrogen value chain, emerging technologies, competitive dynamics, and regional market developments.

Report contents include:

  • Market Overview and Dynamics
    • Detailed classification of hydrogen types: green, blue, pink, turquoise, and gray hydrogen by production method and carbon intensity
    • Deep analysis of national hydrogen initiatives across major regions including the European Union, United States, Japan, China, and emerging markets
    • Critical examination of market challenges including infrastructure needs, regulatory frameworks, and cost competitiveness
  • Hydrogen Production Technologies
    • Comprehensive technology breakdown of electrolysis methods including PEM, alkaline, solid oxide, and AEM technologies
    • Detailed assessment of blue hydrogen production including SMR, ATR, and emerging pyrolysis methods
    • Analysis of carbon capture technologies including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and direct air capture methods
    • Evaluation of nuclear-powered hydrogen production (pink hydrogen) and its role in the energy transition
    • Emerging production methods including plasma technologies, photosynthesis, bacterial processes, and biomimicry approaches
  • Storage and Transportation
    • Market analysis of compression, liquefaction, and alternative carrier technologies
    • Pipeline infrastructure development projections and investment forecasts
    • Road, rail, and maritime transport solutions and technological advancements
    • Underground storage potential and regional capacity assessment
    • Comprehensive evaluation of material innovations for hydrogen-compatible infrastructure
  • Hydrogen Utilization and Applications
    • Fuel cell market dynamics across transportation, stationary power, and portable applications
    • Hydrogen mobility adoption forecasts for light vehicles, heavy-duty transportation, marine applications, and aviation
    • Industrial decarbonization pathways focusing on steel production, ammonia synthesis, and methanol manufacturing
    • Power generation applications including turbines, combined cycle systems, and grid balancing capabilities
    • Synthetic fuel production analysis including e-fuels, methanol, and sustainable aviation fuels
  • Regional Market Analysis
    • United States hydrogen market with detailed assessment of DOE hydrogen hubs and regional production capacity
    • European Union developments including the European Hydrogen Strategy and national roadmaps
    • Asia-Pacific market expansion focusing on China, Japan, South Korea, and Australia
    • Middle East and North Africa emerging as major green hydrogen export regions
    • Latin America and Africa developing hydrogen potential through renewable resources
  • Competitive Landscape
    • Comprehensive profiles of over 280 companies across the hydrogen value chain. Companies Profiled include 8Rivers, Adani Green Energy, Advanced Ionics, ACSYNAM, Advent Technologies, Aemetis, AFC Energy, Agfa-Gevaert, Air Liquide, Air Products, Aker Horizons, Alchemr, AlGalCo, AMBARtec, Amogy, Aepnus, Arcadia eFuels, Asahi Kasei, Atawey, Atmonia, Atomis, Aurora Hydrogen, AquaHydrex, AREVA H2Gen, Avantium, AvCarb Material Solutions, Avium, Ballard Power Systems, BASF, Battolyser Systems, BayoTech, Blastr Green Steel, Bloom Energy, Boson Energy, BP, Bramble Energy, Brineworks, bse Methanol, Bspkl, Carbon Engineering, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink, Cavendish Renewable Technology, Celcibus, Cemvita Factory, Ceres Power Holdings, Chevron Corporation, CHARBONE Hydrogen, Chiyoda Corporation, Cipher Neutron, Climate Horizon, CO2 Capsol, Cockerill Jingli Hydrogen, Constellation Energy, Convion, Croft, Cummins, Cutting-Edge Nanomaterials, Cryomotive, C-Zero, Deep Branch Biotechnology, Destinus, Dimensional Energy, Dioxide Materials, Domsjo Fabriker, Dynelectro, Elcogen, Ecolectro, EH Group Engineering, Electric Hydrogen, Electriq Global, Electrochaea, Elogen H2, ENEOS Corporation, Ekona Power, Element 1 Corp, Endua, Enapter, Epro Advance Technology, Equatic, Erredue, Ergosup, Everfuel, EvolOH, Evolve Hydrogen, Evonik Industries, Fabrum, FirstElement Fuel, Flexens, FuelCell Energy, FuelPositive, FuMA-Tech BWY, Fusion Fuel, GenCell Energy, Graforce, GenHydro, GenH2, GeoPura, GKN Hydrogen, Green Fuel, Green Hydrogen Systems, GRZ Technologies, Hazer Group, Heimdal CCU, Heliogen, Hexagon Purus, HevenDrones, HiiROC, Hitachi Zosen, H2B2 Electrolysis Technologies, H2Electro, H2GO Power, H2Greem, H2 Green Steel, H2Pro, H2U Technologies, H2Vector Energy Technologies, H2X Global, Hoeller Electrolyzer, Honda, Honeywell UOP, Horisont Energi, Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies, H Quest Vanguard, H-Tec Systems, Hybitat, HYBRIT, Hycamite TCD Technologies, Hygenco, Hymeth, Hynamics, HydGene Renewables, Hydra Energy, Hydrogen in Motion, Hydrogenious Technologies, HydrogenPro, Hydrogenera, HydroLite, Hyundai Motor Company, HySiLabs, Hynertech, Hysata, Hystar, Hyzon Motors, IdunnH2, Immaterial, Inergio Technologies, Infinium Electrofuels, Inpex, Innova Hydrogen, Ionomr Innovations, ITM Power, Johnson Matthey, Jolt Electrodes, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Keyou, Kobelco, Koloma, Krajete, Kyros Hydrogen Solutions, Lavo, Leidong Zhichuang, Levidian Nanosystems, Lhyfe, The Linde Group, Lingniu Hydrogen Energy Technology, Liquid Wind, LONGi Hydrogen and more....
    • Strategic initiatives and development roadmaps of key market players
    • Investment analysis of major funding rounds, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures
    • Technological positioning and intellectual property landscape
    • Start-up ecosystem evaluation and innovation hotspots
  • Investment Analysis and Future Outlook
    • Capital expenditure forecasts across production, infrastructure, and end-use applications
    • Levelized cost projections for different hydrogen production pathways through 2035
    • Policy and incentive analysis across major markets and influence on investment decisions
    • Risk assessment for hydrogen projects including regulatory, technological, and market risks
    • Long-term market scenarios under different energy transition pathways and climate policies

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Hydrogen classification
  • 1.2 Global energy demand and consumption
  • 1.3 The hydrogen economy and production
  • 1.4 Removing CO2 emissions from hydrogen production
  • 1.5 Hydrogen value chain
    • 1.5.1 Production
    • 1.5.2 Transport and storage
    • 1.5.3 Utilization
  • 1.6 National hydrogen initiatives
  • 1.7 Market challenges

2 HYDROGEN MARKET ANALYSIS

  • 2.1 Industry developments 2020-2025
  • 2.2 Market map
  • 2.3 Global hydrogen production
    • 2.3.1 Industrial applications
    • 2.3.2 Hydrogen energy
      • 2.3.2.1 Stationary use
      • 2.3.2.2 Hydrogen for mobility
    • 2.3.3 Current Annual H2 Production
    • 2.3.4 Hydrogen production processes
      • 2.3.4.1 Hydrogen as by-product
      • 2.3.4.2 Reforming
        • 2.3.4.2.1 SMR wet method
        • 2.3.4.2.2 Oxidation of petroleum fractions
        • 2.3.4.2.3 Coal gasification
      • 2.3.4.3 Reforming or coal gasification with CO2 capture and storage
      • 2.3.4.4 Steam reforming of biomethane
      • 2.3.4.5 Water electrolysis
      • 2.3.4.6 The "Power-to-Gas" concept
      • 2.3.4.7 Fuel cell stack
      • 2.3.4.8 Electrolysers
      • 2.3.4.9 Other
        • 2.3.4.9.1 Plasma technologies
        • 2.3.4.9.2 Photosynthesis
        • 2.3.4.9.3 Bacterial or biological processes
        • 2.3.4.9.4 Oxidation (biomimicry)
    • 2.3.5 Production costs
    • 2.3.6 Global hydrogen demand forecasts
    • 2.3.7 Hydrogen Production in the United States
      • 2.3.7.1 Gulf Coast
      • 2.3.7.2 California
      • 2.3.7.3 Midwest
      • 2.3.7.4 Northeast
      • 2.3.7.5 Northwest
    • 2.3.8 DOE Hydrogen Hubs
    • 2.3.9 US Hydrogen Electrolyzer Capacities, Planned and Installed

3 TYPES OF HYDROGEN

  • 3.1 Comparative analysis
  • 3.2 Green hydrogen
    • 3.2.1 Overview
    • 3.2.2 Role in energy transition
    • 3.2.3 SWOT analysis
    • 3.2.4 Electrolyzer technologies
      • 3.2.4.1 Introduction
      • 3.2.4.2 Main types
      • 3.2.4.3 Balance of Plant
      • 3.2.4.4 Characteristics
      • 3.2.4.5 Advantages and disadvantages
      • 3.2.4.6 Electrolyzer market
        • 3.2.4.6.1 Market trends
        • 3.2.4.6.2 Market landscape
        • 3.2.4.6.3 Innovations
        • 3.2.4.6.4 Cost challenges
        • 3.2.4.6.5 Scale-up
        • 3.2.4.6.6 Manufacturing challenges
        • 3.2.4.6.7 Market opportunity and outlook
      • 3.2.4.7 Alkaline water electrolyzers (AWE)
        • 3.2.4.7.1 Technology description
        • 3.2.4.7.2 AWE plant
        • 3.2.4.7.3 Components and materials
        • 3.2.4.7.4 Costs
        • 3.2.4.7.5 Companies
      • 3.2.4.8 Anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMEL)
        • 3.2.4.8.1 Technology description
        • 3.2.4.8.2 AEMEL plant
        • 3.2.4.8.3 Components and materials
        • 3.2.4.8.4 Costs
        • 3.2.4.8.5 Companies
      • 3.2.4.9 Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL)
        • 3.2.4.9.1 Technology description
        • 3.2.4.9.2 PEMEL plant
        • 3.2.4.9.3 Components and materials
        • 3.2.4.9.4 Costs
        • 3.2.4.9.5 Companies
      • 3.2.4.10 Solid oxide water electrolyzers (SOEC)
        • 3.2.4.10.1 Technology description
        • 3.2.4.10.2 SOEC plant
        • 3.2.4.10.3 Components and materials
      • 3.2.4.11 Other types
        • 3.2.4.11.1 Overview
        • 3.2.4.11.2 CO2 electrolysis
        • 3.2.4.11.3 Seawater electrolysis
      • 3.2.4.12 Companies
    • 3.2.5 Costs
    • 3.2.6 Water and land use for green hydrogen production
    • 3.2.7 Electrolyzer manufacturing capacities
  • 3.3 Blue hydrogen (low-carbon hydrogen)
    • 3.3.1 Overview
    • 3.3.2 Advantages over green hydrogen
    • 3.3.3 SWOT analysis
    • 3.3.4 Production technologies
      • 3.3.4.1 Steam-methane reforming (SMR)
      • 3.3.4.2 Autothermal reforming (ATR)
      • 3.3.4.3 Partial oxidation (POX)
      • 3.3.4.4 Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR)
      • 3.3.4.5 Methane pyrolysis (Turquoise hydrogen)
      • 3.3.4.6 Coal gasification
      • 3.3.4.7 Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG)
      • 3.3.4.8 Biomass processes
      • 3.3.4.9 Microwave technologies
      • 3.3.4.10 Dry reforming
      • 3.3.4.11 Plasma Reforming
      • 3.3.4.12 Solar SMR
      • 3.3.4.13 Tri-Reforming of Methane
      • 3.3.4.14 Membrane-assisted reforming
      • 3.3.4.15 Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX)
      • 3.3.4.16 Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
    • 3.3.5 Carbon capture
      • 3.3.5.1 Pre-Combustion vs. Post-Combustion carbon capture
      • 3.3.5.2 What is CCUS?
        • 3.3.5.2.1 Carbon Capture
      • 3.3.5.3 Carbon Utilization
        • 3.3.5.3.1 CO2 utilization pathways
      • 3.3.5.4 Carbon storage
      • 3.3.5.5 Transporting CO2
        • 3.3.5.5.1 Methods of CO2 transport
      • 3.3.5.6 Costs
      • 3.3.5.7 Market map
      • 3.3.5.8 Point-source carbon capture for blue hydrogen
        • 3.3.5.8.1 Transportation
        • 3.3.5.8.2 Global point source CO2 capture capacities
        • 3.3.5.8.3 By source
        • 3.3.5.8.4 By endpoint
        • 3.3.5.8.5 Main carbon capture processes
      • 3.3.5.9 Carbon utilization
        • 3.3.5.9.1 Benefits of carbon utilization
        • 3.3.5.9.2 Market challenges
        • 3.3.5.9.3 Co2 utilization pathways
        • 3.3.5.9.4 Conversion processes
    • 3.3.6 Market players
  • 3.4 Pink hydrogen
    • 3.4.1 Overview
    • 3.4.2 Production
    • 3.4.3 Applications
    • 3.4.4 SWOT analysis
    • 3.4.5 Market players
  • 3.5 Turquoise hydrogen
    • 3.5.1 Overview
    • 3.5.2 Production
    • 3.5.3 Applications
    • 3.5.4 SWOT analysis
    • 3.5.5 Market players

4 HYDROGEN STORAGE AND TRANSPORT

  • 4.1 Market overview
  • 4.2 Hydrogen transport methods
    • 4.2.1 Pipeline transportation
    • 4.2.2 Road or rail transport
    • 4.2.3 Maritime transportation
    • 4.2.4 On-board-vehicle transport
  • 4.3 Hydrogen compression, liquefaction, storage
    • 4.3.1 Solid storage
    • 4.3.2 Liquid storage on support
    • 4.3.3 Underground storage
  • 4.4 Market players

5 HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

  • 5.1 Hydrogen Fuel Cells
    • 5.1.1 Market overview
    • 5.1.2 PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs)
    • 5.1.3 Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)
    • 5.1.4 Alternative fuel cells
  • 5.2 Alternative fuel production
    • 5.2.1 Solid Biofuels
    • 5.2.2 Liquid Biofuels
    • 5.2.3 Gaseous Biofuels
    • 5.2.4 Conventional Biofuels
    • 5.2.5 Advanced Biofuels
    • 5.2.6 Feedstocks
    • 5.2.7 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
    • 5.2.8 Renewable diesel
    • 5.2.9 Biojet and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)
    • 5.2.10 Electrofuels (E-fuels, power-to-gas/liquids/fuels)
      • 5.2.10.1 Hydrogen electrolysis
      • 5.2.10.2 eFuel production facilities, current and planned
  • 5.3 Hydrogen Vehicles
    • 5.3.1 Market overview
    • 5.3.2 Commercialization
    • 5.3.3 Hydrogen Storage Options
    • 5.3.4 Key Challenges and Opportunities
  • 5.4 Aviation
    • 5.4.1 Market overview
    • 5.4.2 Applications
    • 5.4.3 Hydrogen Technology Approaches in Aviation
    • 5.4.4 Hydrogen Storage Options
    • 5.4.5 Key Projects and Timelines
    • 5.4.6 Market and Adoption Forecasts
  • 5.5 Ammonia production
    • 5.5.1 Introduction
    • 5.5.2 Decarbonisation of ammonia production
    • 5.5.3 Green ammonia synthesis methods
      • 5.5.3.1 Haber-Bosch process
      • 5.5.3.2 Biological nitrogen fixation
      • 5.5.3.3 Electrochemical production
      • 5.5.3.4 Chemical looping processes
    • 5.5.4 Blue ammonia
      • 5.5.4.1 Blue ammonia projects
    • 5.5.5 Chemical energy storage
      • 5.5.5.1 Ammonia fuel cells
      • 5.5.5.2 Marine fuel
    • 5.5.6 Applications
    • 5.5.7 Companies
    • 5.5.8 Market Forecasts
  • 5.6 Methanol production
    • 5.6.1 Market overview
    • 5.6.2 Sources
    • 5.6.3 Methanol-to gasoline technology
      • 5.6.3.1 Production processes
        • 5.6.3.1.1 Anaerobic digestion
        • 5.6.3.1.2 Biomass gasification
        • 5.6.3.1.3 Power to Methane
    • 5.6.4 Applications
    • 5.6.5 Market Forecasts
    • 5.6.6 Companies
  • 5.7 Steelmaking
    • 5.7.1 Market overview
    • 5.7.2 Comparative analysis
    • 5.7.3 Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
    • 5.7.4 Applications
    • 5.7.5 Market Forecasts
    • 5.7.6 Companies
  • 5.8 Power & heat generation
    • 5.8.1 Market overview
      • 5.8.1.1 Power generation
      • 5.8.1.2 Heat Generation
    • 5.8.2 Hydrogen Supply and Infrastructure for Power and Heat
    • 5.8.3 Roadmap
    • 5.8.4 Market Forecasts
    • 5.8.5 Companies
  • 5.9 Maritime
    • 5.9.1 Introduction
    • 5.9.2 Applications
    • 5.9.3 Companies
    • 5.9.4 Production, Distribution and Infrastructure for Maritime Applications
    • 5.9.5 Market
  • 5.10 Fuel cell trains
    • 5.10.1 Market overview
    • 5.10.2 Applications
    • 5.10.3 Companies
    • 5.10.4 Hydrogen Production, Distribution and Infrastructure for Rail Applications
    • 5.10.5 Market Forecasts
    • 5.10.6 Case studies

6 COMPANY PROFILES (285 company profiles)

7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

8 REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Hydrogen colour shades, Technology, cost, and CO2 emissions
  • Table 2. Main applications of hydrogen
  • Table 3. Overview of hydrogen production methods
  • Table 4. National hydrogen initiatives
  • Table 5. Market challenges in the hydrogen economy and production technologies
  • Table 6. Hydrogen industry developments 2020-2025
  • Table 7. Market map for hydrogen technology and production
  • Table 8. Industrial applications of hydrogen
  • Table 9. Hydrogen energy markets and applications
  • Table 10. Hydrogen production processes and stage of development
  • Table 11. Estimated costs of clean hydrogen production
  • Table 12. US Hydrogen Electrolyzer Capacities, current and planned, as of May 2023, by region
  • Table 13. Comparison of hydrogen types
  • Table 14. Characteristics of typical water electrolysis technologies
  • Table 15. Advantages and disadvantages of water electrolysis technologies
  • Table 16. Classifications of Alkaline Electrolyzers
  • Table 17. Advantages & limitations of AWE
  • Table 18. Key performance characteristics of AWE
  • Table 19. Companies in the AWE market
  • Table 20. Comparison of Commercial AEM Materials
  • Table 21. Companies in the AMEL market
  • Table 22. Companies in the PEMEL market
  • Table 23. Companies in the SOEC market
  • Table 24. Other types of electrolyzer technologies
  • Table 25. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Technologies/
  • Table 26. Cost Comparison of CO2 Electrochemical Technologies
  • Table 27. Companies developing other electrolyzer technologies
  • Table 28. Electrolyzer Installations Forecast (GW), 2020-2040
  • Table 29. Global market size for Electrolyzers, 2018-2035 (US$B)
  • Table 30. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) of main production technologies for blue hydrogen
  • Table 31. Key players in methane pyrolysis
  • Table 32. Commercial coal gasifier technologies
  • Table 33. Blue hydrogen projects using CG
  • Table 34. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL
  • Table 35. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass
  • Table 36. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
  • Table 37. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources
  • Table 38. CO2 capture technologies
  • Table 39. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies
  • Table 40. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture
  • Table 41. Methods of CO2 transport
  • Table 42. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
  • Table 43. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture
  • Table 44. Point source examples
  • Table 45. Assessment of carbon capture materials
  • Table 46. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion
  • Table 47. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture
  • Table 48. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$)
  • Table 49. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
  • Table 50. Market challenges for CO2 utilization
  • Table 51. Example CO2 utilization pathways
  • Table 52. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
  • Table 53. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products
  • Table 54. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
  • Table 55. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
  • Table 56. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers
  • Table 57. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies
  • Table 58. Market players in blue hydrogen
  • Table 59. Market players in pink hydrogen
  • Table 60. Market players in turquoise hydrogen
  • Table 61. Market overview-hydrogen storage and transport
  • Table 62. Summary of different methods of hydrogen transport
  • Table 63. Market players in hydrogen storage and transport
  • Table 64. Market overview hydrogen fuel cells-applications, market players and market challenges
  • Table 65. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
  • Table 66. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
  • Table 67. Classification of biomass feedstock
  • Table 68. Biorefinery feedstocks
  • Table 69. Feedstock conversion pathways
  • Table 70. Biodiesel production techniques
  • Table 71. Advantages and disadvantages of biojet fuel
  • Table 72. Production pathways for bio-jet fuel
  • Table 73. Applications of e-fuels, by type
  • Table 74. Overview of e-fuels
  • Table 75. Benefits of e-fuels
  • Table 76. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
  • Table 77. Market overview for hydrogen vehicles-applications, market players and market challenges
  • Table 78. Markets, Applications and Companies in Hydrogen Vehicles
  • Table 79. Technology Comparison for Hydrogen Vehicles
  • Table 80. Hydrogen Storage Options
  • Table 81. Key Challenges and Opportunities
  • Table 82. Markets, Applications and Companies in Hydrogen Aviation
  • Table 83. Hydrogen Technology Approaches in Aviation
  • Table 84. Hydrogen Storage Options for Aviation
  • Table 85. Key Projects and Timelines
  • Table 86. Market and Adoption Forecasts
  • Table 87. Ammonia Production Technologies Using Hydrogen
  • Table 88. Economic Analysis of Ammonia Production from Hydrogen
  • Table 89. Hydrogen Production, Distribution and Infrastructure for Ammonia Synthesis
  • Table 90. Blue ammonia projects
  • Table 91. Technical Comparison of Ammonia Production Methods
  • Table 92. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
  • Table 93. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
  • Table 94. Summary of marine alternative fuels
  • Table 95. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
  • Table 96. Comparative Lifecycle Analysis of Ammonia Production Pathways
  • Table 97. End-Use Applications for Ammonia Produced from Hydrogen
  • Table 98. Companies in Ammonia from Hydrogen Production
  • Table 99. Notable Ammonia from Hydrogen Projects
  • Table 100. Market Forecasts for Ammonia from Hydrogen
  • Table 101. Methanol Production Technologies Using Hydrogen
  • Table 102. Economic Analysis of Methanol Production from Hydrogen
  • Table 103. Hydrogen and Carbon Sources for Methanol Production
  • Table 104. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas
  • Table 105. Technical Comparison of Methanol Production Methods
  • Table 106. End-Use Applications for Methanol from Hydrogen
  • Table 107. Market Forecasts for Methanol from Hydrogen
  • Table 108. Companies in Methanol from Hydrogen Production
  • Table 109. Notable Methanol from Hydrogen Projects
  • Table 110. Hydrogen-Based Steelmaking Technologies
  • Table 111. Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Steelmaking
  • Table 112. Hydrogen-based steelmaking technologies
  • Table 113. Comparison of green steel production technologies
  • Table 114. Technical Comparison of Steel Production Routes
  • Table 115. Advantages and disadvantages of each potential hydrogen carrier
  • Table 116. Hydrogen Supply and Infrastructure for Steelmaking
  • Table 117. Applications and Market Analysis for Low-Carbon Steel
  • Table 118. Market Forecasts for Hydrogen Steelmaking
  • Table 119. Companies in Hydrogen Steelmaking
  • Table 120. Notable Hydrogen Steelmaking Projects
  • Table 121. Hydrogen Power and Heat Generation Technologies
  • Table 122. Technical Comparison of Power Generation Technologies
  • Table 123. Technical Comparison of Heat Generation Technologies
  • Table 124. Hydrogen Supply and Infrastructure for Power and Heat
  • Table 125. Technological Roadmap for power & heat generation
  • Table 126. Market Forecasts for Hydrogen in Power and Heat
  • Table 127. Companies in Hydrogen Power and Heat Generation
  • Table 128. Notable Hydrogen Power and Heat Generation Projects
  • Table 129. Technical Comparison of Hydrogen and Alternative Maritime Fuels
  • Table 130. Economic Analysis of Maritime Hydrogen Implementation
  • Table 131. Maritime Hydrogen Applications by Segment
  • Table 132. Companies in Maritime Hydrogen
  • Table 133. Notable Maritime Hydrogen Projects
  • Table 134. Hydrogen Production, Distribution and Infrastructure for Maritime Applications
  • Table 135. Market Forecasts for Maritime Hydrogen
  • Table 136. Technical Comparison of Rail Propulsion Technologies
  • Table 137. Economic Analysis of Fuel Cell Train Implementation
  • Table 138. Fuel Cell Train Applications by Segment
  • Table 139. Companies in Fuel Cell Train Development
  • Table 140. Notable Fuel Cell Train Projects
  • Table 141. Hydrogen Production, Distribution and Infrastructure for Rail Applications
  • Table 142. Market Forecasts for Fuel Cell Trains
  • Table 143. Comparison of Regional Hydrogen Train Markets
  • Table 144. Case Studies - Operational Performance of Fuel Cell Trains

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Hydrogen value chain
  • Figure 2. Current Annual H2 Production
  • Figure 3. Principle of a PEM electrolyser
  • Figure 4. Power-to-gas concept
  • Figure 5. Schematic of a fuel cell stack
  • Figure 6. High pressure electrolyser - 1 MW
  • Figure 7. Global hydrogen demand forecast
  • Figure 8. U.S. Hydrogen Production by Producer Type
  • Figure 9. Segmentation of regional hydrogen production capacities in the US
  • Figure 10. Current of planned installations of Electrolyzers over 1MW in the US
  • Figure 11. SWOT analysis: green hydrogen
  • Figure 12. Types of electrolysis technologies
  • Figure 13. Typical Balance of Plant including Gas processing
  • Figure 14. Schematic of alkaline water electrolysis working principle
  • Figure 15. Alkaline water electrolyzer
  • Figure 16. Typical system design and balance of plant for an AEM electrolyser
  • Figure 17. Schematic of PEM water electrolysis working principle
  • Figure 18. Typical system design and balance of plant for a PEM electrolyser
  • Figure 19. Schematic of solid oxide water electrolysis working principle
  • Figure 20. Typical system design and balance of plant for a solid oxide electrolyser
  • Figure 21. Estimated annual electrolyser manufacturing capacity, by manufacture's headquarters (a) and by type and origin (b), 2021-2024
  • Figure 22. Electrolyzer Installations Forecast (GW), 2020-2040
  • Figure 23. Global market size for Electrolyzers, 2018-2035 (US$B)
  • Figure 24. SWOT analysis: blue hydrogen
  • Figure 25. SMR process flow diagram of steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (SMR-CCS)
  • Figure 26. Process flow diagram of autothermal reforming with a carbon capture and storage (ATR-CCS) plant
  • Figure 27. POX process flow diagram
  • Figure 28. Process flow diagram for a typical SE-SMR
  • Figure 29. HiiROC's methane pyrolysis reactor
  • Figure 30. Coal gasification (CG) process
  • Figure 31. Flow diagram of Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG)
  • Figure 32. Schematic of CCUS process
  • Figure 33. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal
  • Figure 34. A pre-combustion capture system
  • Figure 35. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle
  • Figure 36. Various pathways for CO2 utilization
  • Figure 37. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage
  • Figure 38. Transport of CCS technologies
  • Figure 39. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
  • Figure 40. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector
  • Figure 41. CCUS market map
  • Figure 42. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities
  • Figure 43. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021
  • Figure 44. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source
  • Figure 45. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint
  • Figure 46. Post-combustion carbon capture process
  • Figure 47. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant
  • Figure 48. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process
  • Figure 49. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process
  • Figure 50. Pre-combustion carbon capture process
  • Figure 51. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages
  • Figure 52. Applications for CO2
  • Figure 53. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector
  • Figure 54. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
  • Figure 55. Co2 utilization pathways and products
  • Figure 56. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion
  • Figure 57. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
  • Figure 58. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
  • Figure 59. Econic catalyst systems
  • Figure 60. Mineral carbonation processes
  • Figure 61. Pink hydrogen Production Pathway
  • Figure 62. SWOT analysis: pink hydrogen
  • Figure 63. Turquoise hydrogen Production Pathway
  • Figure 64. SWOT analysis: turquoise hydrogen
  • Figure 65. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
  • Figure 66. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
  • Figure 67. Production process for green hydrogen
  • Figure 68. E-liquids production routes
  • Figure 69. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
  • Figure 70. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
  • Figure 71. Levelized cost and fuel-switching CO2 prices of e-fuels
  • Figure 72. Cost breakdown for e-fuels
  • Figure 73. Hydrogen fuel cell powered EV
  • Figure 74. Green ammonia production and use
  • Figure 75. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
  • Figure 76. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
  • Figure 77. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
  • Figure 78. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
  • Figure 79. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks
  • Figure 80. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading
  • Figure 81. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation
  • Figure 82. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process
  • Figure 83. Transition to hydrogen-based production
  • Figure 84. CO2 emissions from steelmaking (tCO2/ton crude steel)
  • Figure 85. Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) process
  • Figure 86. Three Gorges Hydrogen Boat No. 1
  • Figure 87. PESA hydrogen-powered shunting locomotive
  • Figure 88. SymbioticTM technology process
  • Figure 89. Alchemr AEM electrolyzer cell
  • Figure 90. HyCS-R technology system
  • Figure 91. Fuel cell module FCwaveTM
  • Figure 92. Direct Air Capture Process
  • Figure 93. CRI process
  • Figure 94. Croft system
  • Figure 95. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic
  • Figure 96. Domsjo process
  • Figure 97. EH Fuel Cell Stack
  • Figure 98. Direct MCH-R process
  • Figure 99. Electriq's dehydrogenation system
  • Figure 100. Endua Power Bank
  • Figure 101. EL 2.1 AEM Electrolyser
  • Figure 102. Enapter - Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Water Electrolysis
  • Figure 103. Direct MCH-R process
  • Figure 104. Hyundai Class 8 truck fuels at a First Element high capacity mobile refueler
  • Figure 105. FuelPositive system
  • Figure 106. Using electricity from solar power to produce green hydrogen
  • Figure 107. Hydrogen Storage Module
  • Figure 108. Plug And Play Stationery Storage Units
  • Figure 109. Left: a typical single-stage electrolyzer design, with a membrane separating the hydrogen and oxygen gasses. Right: the two-stage E-TAC process
  • Figure 110. Hystar PEM electrolyser
  • Figure 111. KEYOU-H2-Technology
  • Figure 112. Audi/Krajete unit
  • Figure 113. OCOchem's Carbon Flux Electrolyzer
  • Figure 114. CO2 hydrogenation to jet fuel range hydrocarbons process
  • Figure 115. The Plagazi -R process
  • Figure 116. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
  • Figure 117. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production
  • Figure 118. CALF-20 has been integrated into a rotating CO2 capture machine (left), which operates inside a CO2 plant module (right)
  • Figure 119. Tevva hydrogen truck
  • Figure 120. Topsoe's SynCORTM autothermal reforming technology
  • Figure 121. O12 Reactor
  • Figure 122. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials
  • Figure 123. CO2 made car part
  • Figure 124. The Velocys process