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市场调查报告书
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1926191

全球 PFAS 市场、PFAS 监管、PFAS 替代品及 PFAS 修復技术（2026-2036 年）

The Global Market for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), PFAS Restrictions, PFAS Alternatives and PFAS Remediation Technologies 2026-2036
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 396 Pages, 144 Tables, 19 Figures | 订单完成后即时交付

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由于监管压力不断加大、诉讼案件增加以及企业加速淘汰 PFAS 的举措，全球 PFAS 市场正经历着根本性的变革。儘管 PFAS 化学品市场在某些地区和应用领域仍保持温和成长，但这种成长轨迹掩盖了随着监管日益严格而重塑各行业需求模式的重大变化。处理和修復领域是全球成长最快的环境市场之一，反映出监管机构和社会对污染问题的空前反应。这种回应已使 PFAS 成为本世纪最重要的环境挑战之一。

监管格局正从广泛的限制提案演变为针对特定用途的定向禁令。欧盟最初考虑对数千种 PFAS 化合物实施全面禁令，但后来采取了更有针对性的方法，并制定了具体的禁令。 具体而言，食品包装中禁用 PFAS 的禁令将于 2026 年 4 月生效，玩具中 PFAS 的限制措施将首先针对三岁以下儿童的产品，其他措施计划于 2026 年初实施。英国正在最终确定其脱欧后的 REACH 法规，该法规可能与欧盟的要求有所不同。美国的监管环境较为分散，美国环保署 (EPA) 一方面根据 "综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法" (CERCLA) 捍卫某些 PFAS 的有害物质认定，另一方面也在审查 "安全饮用水法" 。各州的要求差异很大，例如密西根州、新泽西州、佛蒙特州和加州等不同司法管辖区的最大污染物浓度差异显着。

企业的因应措施十分显着。国际化学品秘书处对主要化工企业进行的一项评估发现，三分之一的企业已承诺完全停止 PFAS 的生产。关键举措包括 3M 正在进行的转型、巴斯夫的五年淘汰计划以及艺康最近宣布的退出计划。这些努力的驱动力既包括监管合规，也包括诉讼风险。光是巴斯夫就面临数千起与 PFAS 相关的诉讼，而大型产业和解协议已树立先例，并影响了其他公司退出该领域的决定。投资者的压力也在推动这些趋势，大型资产管理公司将企业逐步淘汰 PFAS 视为积极的进展，并鼓励其他公司效仿。

随着製造商寻求关键应用的无 PFAS 解决方案，替代市场正在经历快速成长。在防水涂料领域，硅基耐久防水处理、树枝状聚合物和超支化聚合物系统、奈米结构表面技术以及溶胶-凝胶涂料正朝着达到与现有含氟解决方案相当的性能迈进。在传热流体替代领域，工程碳氢化合物、硅油、水-乙二醇体系和先进的矿物油配方正在满足传统上由含氟流体主导的应用需求，例如半导体製造、资料中心冷却和电动车电池热管理。润滑剂替代品——包括合成酯、聚亚烷基二醇、硅基配方、生物基产品以及含有石墨烯和奈米钻石的奈米工程润滑剂——正日益取代汽车、工业、航空航天和食品加工等领域的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）基产品。儘管在某些对耐化学性和温度稳定性要求极高的应用领域，这些替代品仍存在性能差距，但随着监管期限的临近和供应链对新材料要求的调整，预计到2036年，替代市场将显着增长。

在全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）市场中，修復技术领域正经历最快的成长，这反映出监管方法从控制转向清除的范式转移。即将商业化的新技术包括水热碱处理（HALT），该技术利用高温、高压和碱性化学反应，在比超临界水氧化更低的操作条件下可破坏PFAS。预计这项技术将在未来两到三年内实现商业化。基于等离子体的技术（包括在极高温度下运行的热系统和在环境温度下产生活性物质的非热系统）为分子级 PFAS 的降解提供了途径，目前正处于测试和示范阶段。

本报告考察了全球 PFAS 市场，并提供了深入的分析，涵盖了从化学品生产和应用到监管限制、新兴替代方案和先进修復技术的完整价值链。

目录

第一章：摘要整理

  • PFAS 简介
  • PFAS：市场概览（2026-2036 年）
  • PFAS 定义与概述
  • PFAS 型
  • PFAS 特性与用途
  • 环境与健康问题
  • PFAS 替代品
  • 分析技术
  • 生产、处理、进口和出口
  • 储存、处置、处理和净化
  • 水质管理
  • 替代技术与供应链

第二章：全球监理格局

  • PFAS 监理范围扩大的影响
  • 国际协议
  • 欧盟法规
  • 美国法规
  • 亚洲法规
  • 全球监理趋势与展望

第三章 PFAS 在特定产业的应用

  • 半导体
  • 纺织服装
  • 食品包装
  • 油漆涂料
  • 离子交换膜
  • 能源（不含燃料电池）
  • 润滑剂替代品
  • 5G 低损耗材料
  • 化妆品
  • 灭火泡沫
  • 汽车
  • 电子产品
  • 医疗器材
  • 绿氢能

第四章：PFAS 替代品

  • 不含 PFAS 的脱模剂
  • 非氟化界面活性剂和分散剂
  • 不含 PFAS 的防水防油材质
  • 不含氟的液体排斥表面
  • 不含 PFAS 的无色透明聚酰亚胺
  • 传热流体替代品
  • 润滑剂替代品

第五章 PFAS 的降解与去除

  • 目前用于 PFAS 降解和移除的方法
  • 生物友善方法
  • 相关公司
  • 新型修復与销毁技术

第六章：PFAS 处理

  • 定义框架：处理与修復市场
  • 引言
  • PFAS 环境污染途径
  • 相关法规
  • PFAS 水处理
  • 销毁技术
  • PFAS 固体处理
  • 公司

第七章：市场分析与未来展望

  • 当前市场规模与细分
  • 监理对市场动态的影响
  • 新兴趋势与机会
  • PFAS 替代面临的挑战与障碍
  • 未来市场预测

第八章 公司简介（60 家公司简介）

第九章：研究方法

第十章：参考文献

The global PFAS market is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by intensifying regulatory pressure, mounting litigation, and accelerating corporate phase-out commitments. While the PFAS chemicals market continues to show modest growth in certain regions and applications, this trajectory masks significant shifts as restrictions reshape demand patterns across industries. The treatment and remediation sector represents one of the fastest-growing environmental markets globally, reflecting unprecedented regulatory and societal response to contamination concerns that have elevated PFAS to one of the defining environmental challenges of the decade.

The regulatory landscape has evolved from broad restriction proposals toward targeted, application-specific bans. The European Union, having initially considered an outright ban on thousands of PFAS compounds, has adopted a more focused approach confirming specific prohibitions: a ban on PFAS in food packaging effective April 2026, restrictions on PFAS in toys beginning with products for children aged three and under, and additional measures expected in early 2026. The United Kingdom is finalizing its post-Brexit REACH regulations, creating potential for divergence from EU requirements. The United States presents a fragmented regulatory environment, with the EPA defending its designation of certain PFAS as hazardous substances under CERCLA while simultaneously revisiting Safe Drinking Water Act regulations. State-level requirements vary significantly, with maximum contaminant levels differing substantially across jurisdictions including Michigan, New Jersey, Vermont, and California.

Corporate response has been substantial. The International Chemical Secretariat's assessment of major chemical companies found that one-third have publicly committed to exiting PFAS production entirely. Notable commitments include 3M's ongoing transition, BASF's five-year phase-out program, and EcoLab's recently disclosed exit timeline. These commitments are driven by both regulatory anticipation and litigation exposure-BASF alone faces thousands of PFAS-related lawsuits, while major industry settlements have established precedents that inform other companies' exit calculations. Investor pressure is reinforcing these trends, with major asset managers characterizing corporate PFAS exits as encouraging developments and urging other companies to follow suit.

The alternatives market is experiencing rapid growth as manufacturers seek PFAS-free solutions across critical applications. In water-repellent coatings, silicone-based DWR treatments, dendrimer and hyperbranched polymer systems, nano-structured surface technologies, and sol-gel coatings are advancing toward performance parity with fluorinated incumbents. Heat transfer fluid alternatives including engineered hydrocarbons, silicone oils, water-glycol systems, and advanced mineral oil formulations are addressing semiconductor manufacturing, data center cooling, and electric vehicle battery thermal management applications previously dominated by fluorinated fluids. Lubricant alternatives-synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols, silicone-based formulations, bio-based products, and nano-engineered lubricants incorporating graphene and nanodiamonds-are replacing PTFE-based products across automotive, industrial, aerospace, and food processing applications. While performance gaps remain in certain demanding applications requiring extreme chemical resistance or temperature stability, the alternatives market is projected for significant expansion through 2036 as regulatory deadlines approach and supply chains adapt to new material requirements.

The remediation technology sector demonstrates the highest growth rates within the PFAS market, reflecting a paradigm shift from containment to elimination in regulatory approaches. Emerging technologies approaching commercial readiness include hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT), which uses high temperature, high pressure, and alkaline chemicals to destroy PFAS at lower operating conditions than supercritical water oxidation, with expected commercialization within two to three years. Plasma-based technologies-both thermal systems operating at extremely high temperatures and non-thermal systems generating reactive species at ambient conditions-offer pathways to molecular-level PFAS destruction and are progressing through pilot and demonstration stages.

The broader treatment market encompasses drinking water systems, groundwater remediation, industrial wastewater treatment, landfill leachate management, and residential point-of-use systems. Long-term market perspectives indicate that remediation will represent the largest and most durable segment, reflecting the extensive scale of existing contamination across military installations, airports, industrial facilities, and municipal systems requiring decades of sustained treatment, monitoring, and management efforts.

This comprehensive market report provides an in-depth analysis of the global per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) industry, covering the complete value chain from PFAS chemical production and applications through regulatory restrictions, emerging alternatives, and advanced remediation technologies. As "forever chemicals" face unprecedented regulatory scrutiny and mounting litigation worldwide, this report delivers critical intelligence for stakeholders navigating one of the most significant chemical market transformations in decades.

The PFAS market is undergoing fundamental restructuring driven by tightening regulations across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, escalating corporate phase-out commitments, and breakthrough innovations in PFAS-free alternatives and destruction technologies. This report examines the market dynamics shaping the industry through 2036, providing strategic insights for chemical manufacturers, end-users across diverse industries, environmental service providers, investors, and policymakers.

The analysis encompasses the full spectrum of PFAS compounds-including long-chain and short-chain variants, fluoropolymers, perfluoropolyethers, and side-chain fluorinated polymers-across their established applications in semiconductors, textiles, food packaging, firefighting foams, automotive, electronics, medical devices, energy systems, cosmetics, and specialty coatings. Detailed examination of regulatory frameworks includes EPA federal and state-level requirements, European Union REACH restrictions including upcoming food packaging and toys bans, and emerging Asian regulations in Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Australia.

The report delivers extensive coverage of PFAS-free alternatives achieving commercial viability across critical applications: silicone-based and hydrocarbon-based water repellents, bio-based food packaging materials including polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and nanocellulose systems, fluorine-free firefighting foams, alternative ion exchange membranes for fuel cells and electrolyzers, and next-generation low-loss materials for 5G telecommunications. Technical performance comparisons, cost analyses, and commercialization timelines enable informed substitution planning.

Remediation and treatment technologies receive comprehensive analysis, covering established separation methods (granular activated carbon, ion exchange resins, membrane filtration) and emerging destruction technologies demonstrating commercial-scale validation. Detailed examination of electrochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT), thermal and non-thermal plasma systems, photocatalysis, and sonochemical oxidation includes technology readiness levels, destruction efficiencies, and commercialization pathways. Market forecasts span drinking water treatment, industrial wastewater, groundwater remediation, landfill leachate management, solids treatment, and residential systems across all global regions.

Report Contents Include:

  • Executive summary with strategic imperatives for corporate PFAS management and industry transition benchmarks
  • Complete PFAS classification covering non-polymeric and polymeric variants, chemical structures, properties, and applications
  • Environmental fate, bioaccumulation mechanisms, toxicity profiles, and health effects driving regulatory action
  • Comprehensive global regulatory landscape analysis including international agreements, EU regulations, US federal and state requirements, and Asian regulatory frameworks
  • Industry-specific PFAS usage analysis across 14 sectors: semiconductors, textiles, food packaging, paints and coatings, ion exchange membranes, energy, 5G materials, cosmetics, firefighting foam, automotive, electronics, medical devices, and green hydrogen
  • Detailed alternatives assessment covering PFAS-free release agents, non-fluorinated surfactants, water and oil-repellent materials, and fluorine-free liquid-repellent surfaces
  • PFAS degradation and elimination methods including phytoremediation, microbial degradation, enzyme-based systems, mycoremediation, and biochar adsorption
  • Water and solids treatment technology analysis with market forecasts by segment, application, and region through 2036
  • Regional market analysis for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East/Africa
  • Impact assessment of regulations on market dynamics, growth in alternatives markets, and regional shifts
  • Emerging trends in green chemistry, circular economy approaches, and digital technologies for PFAS management
  • Technical and economic barriers to PFAS substitution with performance gap analysis
  • Short-term, medium-term, and long-term market projections through 2036
  • 60 company profiles with technology portfolios and strategic positioning plus additional profiles for companies developing PFAS-free alternatives
  • 144 data tables and 18 figures providing quantitative market intelligence

Companies Profiled include 374Water, Aclarity, AquaBlok, Aquagga, Aqua Metrology Systems (AMS), AECOM, Aether Biomachines, Allonia, Axine Water Technologies, BioLargo, Cabot Corporation, Calgon Carbon, Chromafora, Clariant, Claros Technologies, CoreWater Technologies, Cornelsen Umwelttechnologie GmbH, Crystal Clean, Cyclopure, Desotec, Dmax Plasma, DuPont, ECT2 (Montrose Environmental Group), Element Six, Environmental Clean Technologies Limited, EPOC Enviro, Evoqua Water Technologies, Framergy, Freudenberg Sealing Technologies, General Atomics and more.....

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1.1 Introduction to PFAS
    • 1.1.1 Strategic Imperatives for Corporate PFAS Management
    • 1.1.2 Industry Benchmarks for PFAS Transition
  • 1.2 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Market Overview 2026-2036
    • 1.2.1 Market Landscape and Regulatory Transformation
    • 1.2.2 Regulatory Restrictions and Corporate Response
    • 1.2.3 PFAS Alternatives Market
    • 1.2.4 Remediation Technologies
  • 1.3 Definition and Overview of PFAS
    • 1.3.1 Chemical Structure and Properties
    • 1.3.2 Historical Development and Use
  • 1.4 Types of PFAS
    • 1.4.1 Non-polymeric PFAS
      • 1.4.1.1 Long-Chain PFAS
      • 1.4.1.2 Short-Chain PFAS
      • 1.4.1.3 Other non-polymeric PFAS
    • 1.4.2 Polymeric PFAS
      • 1.4.2.1 Fluoropolymers (FPs)
      • 1.4.2.2 Side-chain fluorinated polymers:
      • 1.4.2.3 Perfluoropolyethers
  • 1.5 Properties and Applications of PFAS
    • 1.5.1 Water and Oil Repellency
    • 1.5.2 Thermal and Chemical Stability
    • 1.5.3 Surfactant Properties
    • 1.5.4 Low Friction
    • 1.5.5 Electrical Insulation
    • 1.5.6 Film-Forming Abilities
    • 1.5.7 Atmospheric Stability
  • 1.6 Environmental and Health Concerns
    • 1.6.1 Persistence in the Environment
    • 1.6.2 Bioaccumulation
    • 1.6.3 Toxicity and Health Effects
    • 1.6.4 Environmental Contamination
  • 1.7 PFAS Alternatives
  • 1.8 Analytical techniques
  • 1.9 Manufacturing/handling/import/export
  • 1.10 Storage/disposal/treatment/purification
  • 1.11 Water quality management
  • 1.12 Alternative technologies and supply chains

2 GLOBAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE

  • 2.1 Impact of growing PFAS regulation
  • 2.2 International Agreements
  • 2.3 European Union Regulations
  • 2.4 United States Regulations
    • 2.4.1 Federal regulations
      • 2.4.1.1 Current EPA Regulatory Actions and Policy Environment
        • 2.4.1.1.1 CERCLA Hazardous Substances Designation
        • 2.4.1.1.2 Wastewater Treatment and Biosolids
        • 2.4.1.1.3 Safe Drinking Water Act Developments
        • 2.4.1.1.4 State-Level Regulatory Fragmentation
    • 2.4.2 State-Level Regulations
      • 2.4.2.1 Drinking Water Standards
      • 2.4.2.2 Product Bans
  • 2.5 Asian Regulations
    • 2.5.1 Japan
      • 2.5.1.1 Chemical Substances Control Law (CSCL)
      • 2.5.1.2 Water Quality Standards
    • 2.5.2 China
      • 2.5.2.1 List of New Contaminants Under Priority Control
      • 2.5.2.2 Catalog of Toxic Chemicals Under Severe Restrictions
      • 2.5.2.3 New Pollutants Control Action Plan
    • 2.5.3 Taiwan
      • 2.5.3.1 Toxic and Chemical Substances of Concern Act
    • 2.5.4 Australia and New Zealand
    • 2.5.5 Canada
    • 2.5.6 South Korea
  • 2.6 Global Regulatory Trends and Outlook
    • 2.6.1 European Union Regulatory Evolution

3 INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PFAS USAGE

  • 3.1 Semiconductors
    • 3.1.1 Importance of PFAS
    • 3.1.2 Front-end processes
      • 3.1.2.1 Lithography
      • 3.1.2.2 Wet etching solutions
      • 3.1.2.3 Chiller coolants for dry etchers
      • 3.1.2.4 Piping and valves
    • 3.1.3 Back-end processes
      • 3.1.3.1 Interconnects and Packaging Materials
      • 3.1.3.2 Molding materials
      • 3.1.3.3 Die attach materials
      • 3.1.3.4 Interlayer film for package substrates
      • 3.1.3.5 Thermal management
    • 3.1.4 Product life cycle and impact of PFAS
      • 3.1.4.1 Manufacturing Stage (Raw Materials)
      • 3.1.4.2 Usage Stage (Semiconductor Factory)
      • 3.1.4.3 Disposal Stage
    • 3.1.5 Environmental and Human Health Impacts
    • 3.1.6 Regulatory Trends Related to Semiconductors
    • 3.1.7 Exemptions
    • 3.1.8 Future Regulatory Trends
    • 3.1.9 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.1.9.1 Alkyl Polyglucoside and Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
      • 3.1.9.2 Non-PFAS Etching Solutions
      • 3.1.9.3 PTFE-Free Sliding Materials
      • 3.1.9.4 Metal oxide-based materials
      • 3.1.9.5 Fluoropolymer Alternatives
      • 3.1.9.6 Silicone-based Materials
      • 3.1.9.7 Hydrocarbon-based Surfactants
      • 3.1.9.8 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
      • 3.1.9.9 Engineered Polymers
      • 3.1.9.10 Supercritical CO2 Technology
      • 3.1.9.11 Plasma Technologies
      • 3.1.9.12 Sol-Gel Materials
      • 3.1.9.13 Biodegradable Polymers
  • 3.2 Textiles and Clothing
    • 3.2.1 Overview
    • 3.2.2 PFAS in Water-Repellent Materials
    • 3.2.3 Stain-Resistant Treatments
    • 3.2.4 Regulatory Impact on Water-Repellent Clothing
    • 3.2.5 Industry Initiatives and Commitments
    • 3.2.6 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.2.6.1 Enhanced surface treatments
      • 3.2.6.2 Water-Repellent Coating Alternatives
      • 3.2.6.3 Non-fluorinated treatments
      • 3.2.6.4 Biomimetic approaches
      • 3.2.6.5 Nano-structured surfaces
      • 3.2.6.6 Wax-based additives
      • 3.2.6.7 Plasma treatments
      • 3.2.6.8 Sol-gel coatings
      • 3.2.6.9 Superhydrophobic coatings
      • 3.2.6.10 Biodegradable Polymer Coatings
      • 3.2.6.11 Graphene-based Coatings
      • 3.2.6.12 Enzyme-based Treatments
      • 3.2.6.13 Companies
  • 3.3 Food Packaging
    • 3.3.1 Sustainable packaging
      • 3.3.1.1 PFAS in Grease-Resistant Packaging
      • 3.3.1.2 Other applications
      • 3.3.1.3 Regulatory Trends in Food Contact Materials
    • 3.3.2 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.3.2.1 Biobased materials
        • 3.3.2.1.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
        • 3.3.2.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
        • 3.3.2.1.3 Cellulose-based materials
          • 3.3.2.1.3.1 Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC)
          • 3.3.2.1.3.2 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
        • 3.3.2.1.4 Silicon-based Alternatives
        • 3.3.2.1.5 Natural Waxes and Resins
        • 3.3.2.1.6 Engineered Paper and Board
        • 3.3.2.1.7 Nanocomposites
        • 3.3.2.1.8 Plasma Treatments
        • 3.3.2.1.9 Biodegradable Polymer Blends
        • 3.3.2.1.10 Chemically Modified Natural Polymers
        • 3.3.2.1.11 Molded Fiber
      • 3.3.2.2 PFAS-free coatings for food packaging
        • 3.3.2.2.1 Silicone-based Coatings:
        • 3.3.2.2.2 Bio-based Barrier Coatings
        • 3.3.2.2.3 Nanocellulose Coatings
        • 3.3.2.2.4 Superhydrophobic and Omniphobic Coatings
        • 3.3.2.2.5 Clay-based Nanocomposite Coatings
        • 3.3.2.2.6 Coated Papers
      • 3.3.2.3 Companies
  • 3.4 Paints and Coatings
    • 3.4.1 Overview
    • 3.4.2 Applications
    • 3.4.3 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.4.3.1 Silicon-Based Alternatives:
      • 3.4.3.2 Hydrocarbon-Based Alternatives:
      • 3.4.3.3 Nanomaterials
      • 3.4.3.4 Plasma-Based Surface Treatments
      • 3.4.3.5 Inorganic Alternatives
      • 3.4.3.6 Bio-based Polymers:
      • 3.4.3.7 Dendritic Polymers
      • 3.4.3.8 Zwitterionic Polymers
      • 3.4.3.9 Graphene-based Coatings
      • 3.4.3.10 Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings
      • 3.4.3.11 Companies
  • 3.5 Ion Exchange membranes
    • 3.5.1 Overview
      • 3.5.1.1 PFAS in Ion Exchange Membranes
    • 3.5.2 Proton Exchange Membranes
      • 3.5.2.1 Overview
      • 3.5.2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELs)
      • 3.5.2.3 Membrane Degradation
      • 3.5.2.4 Nafion
      • 3.5.2.5 Membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
    • 3.5.3 Manufacturing PFSA Membranes
    • 3.5.4 Enhancing PFSA Membranes
    • 3.5.5 Commercial PFSA membranes
    • 3.5.6 Catalyst Coated Membranes
      • 3.5.6.1 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.5.7 Membranes in Redox Flow Batteries
      • 3.5.7.1 Alternative Materials for RFB Membranes
    • 3.5.8 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.5.8.1 Alternative Polymer Materials
      • 3.5.8.2 Anion Exchange Membrane Technology (AEM) fuel cells
      • 3.5.8.3 Nanocellulose
      • 3.5.8.4 Boron-containing membranes
      • 3.5.8.5 Hydrocarbon-based membranes
      • 3.5.8.6 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
        • 3.5.8.6.1 MOF Composite Membranes
      • 3.5.8.7 Graphene
      • 3.5.8.8 Companies
  • 3.6 Energy (excluding fuel cells)
    • 3.6.1 Overview
    • 3.6.2 Solar Panels
    • 3.6.3 Wind Turbines
      • 3.6.3.1 Blade Coatings
      • 3.6.3.2 Lubricants and Greases
      • 3.6.3.3 Electrical and Electronic Components
      • 3.6.3.4 Seals and Gaskets
    • 3.6.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 3.6.4.1 Electrode Binders
      • 3.6.4.2 Electrolyte Additives
      • 3.6.4.3 Separator Coatings
      • 3.6.4.4 Current Collector Coatings
      • 3.6.4.5 Gaskets and Seals
      • 3.6.4.6 Fluorinated Solvents in Electrode Manufacturing
      • 3.6.4.7 Surface Treatments
    • 3.6.5 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.6.5.1 Solar
        • 3.6.5.1.1 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Encapsulants
        • 3.6.5.1.2 Polyolefin Encapsulants
        • 3.6.5.1.3 Glass-Glass Module Design
        • 3.6.5.1.4 Bio-based Backsheets
      • 3.6.5.2 Wind Turbines
        • 3.6.5.2.1 Silicone-Based Coatings
        • 3.6.5.2.2 Nanocoatings
        • 3.6.5.2.3 Thermal De-icing Systems
        • 3.6.5.2.4 Polyurethane-Based Coatings
      • 3.6.5.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries
        • 3.6.5.3.1 Water-Soluble Binders
        • 3.6.5.3.2 Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Based Binders
        • 3.6.5.3.3 Alginate-Based Binders
        • 3.6.5.3.4 Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
      • 3.6.5.4 Companies
  • 3.7 Lubricant Alternatives
  • 3.8 Low-loss materials for 5G
    • 3.8.1 Overview
      • 3.8.1.1 Organic PCB materials for 5G
    • 3.8.2 PTFE in 5G
      • 3.8.2.1 Properties
      • 3.8.2.2 PTFE-Based Laminates
      • 3.8.2.3 Regulations
      • 3.8.2.4 Commercial low-loss
    • 3.8.3 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.8.3.1 Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)
      • 3.8.3.2 Poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE)
      • 3.8.3.3 Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
      • 3.8.3.4 Hydrocarbon-based laminates
      • 3.8.3.5 Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC)
      • 3.8.3.6 Glass Substrates
  • 3.9 Cosmetics
    • 3.9.1 Overview
    • 3.9.2 Use in cosmetics
    • 3.9.3 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.9.3.1 Silicone-based Polymers
      • 3.9.3.2 Plant-based Waxes and Oils
      • 3.9.3.3 Naturally Derived Polymers
      • 3.9.3.4 Silica-based Materials
      • 3.9.3.5 Companies Developing PFAS Alternatives in Cosmetics
  • 3.10 Firefighting Foam
    • 3.10.1 Overview
    • 3.10.2 Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
    • 3.10.3 Environmental Contamination from AFFF Use
    • 3.10.4 Regulatory Pressures and Phase-Out Initiatives
    • 3.10.5 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.10.5.1 Fluorine-Free Foams (F3)
      • 3.10.5.2 Siloxane-Based Foams
      • 3.10.5.3 Protein-Based Foams
      • 3.10.5.4 Synthetic Detergent Foams (Syndet)
      • 3.10.5.5 Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)
  • 3.11 Automotive
    • 3.11.1 Overview
    • 3.11.2 PFAS in Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids
    • 3.11.3 Use in Fuel Systems and Engine Components
    • 3.11.4 Electric Vehicle
      • 3.11.4.1 PFAS in Electric Vehicles
      • 3.11.4.2 High-Voltage Cables
      • 3.11.4.3 Refrigerants
        • 3.11.4.3.1 Coolant Fluids in EVs
        • 3.11.4.3.2 Refrigerants for EVs
        • 3.11.4.3.3 Regulations
        • 3.11.4.3.4 PFAS-free Refrigerants
      • 3.11.4.4 Immersion Cooling for Li-ion Batteries
        • 3.11.4.4.1 Overview
        • 3.11.4.4.2 Single-phase Cooling
        • 3.11.4.4.3 Two-phase Cooling
        • 3.11.4.4.4 Companies
        • 3.11.4.4.5 PFAS-based Coolants in Immersion Cooling for EVs
    • 3.11.5 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.11.5.1 Lubricants and Greases
      • 3.11.5.2 Fuel System Components
      • 3.11.5.3 Surface Treatments and Coatings
      • 3.11.5.4 Gaskets and Seals
      • 3.11.5.5 Hydraulic Fluids
      • 3.11.5.6 Electrical and Electronic Components
      • 3.11.5.7 Paint and Coatings
      • 3.11.5.8 Windshield and Glass Treatments
  • 3.12 Electronics
    • 3.12.1 Overview
    • 3.12.2 PFAS in Printed Circuit Boards
    • 3.12.3 Cable and Wire Insulation
    • 3.12.4 Regulatory Challenges for Electronics Manufacturers
    • 3.12.5 Alternatives to PFAS
      • 3.12.5.1 Wires and Cables
      • 3.12.5.2 Coating
      • 3.12.5.3 Electronic Components
      • 3.12.5.4 Sealing and Lubricants
      • 3.12.5.5 Cleaning
      • 3.12.5.6 Companies
  • 3.13 Medical Devices
    • 3.13.1 Overview
    • 3.13.2 PFAS in Implantable Devices
    • 3.13.3 Diagnostic Equipment Applications
    • 3.13.4 Balancing Safety and Performance in Regulations
    • 3.13.5 Alternatives to PFAS
  • 3.14 Green hydrogen
    • 3.14.1 Electrolyzers
    • 3.14.2 Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.14.3 Economic implications

4 PFAS ALTERNATIVES

  • 4.1 PFAS-Free Release Agents
    • 4.1.1 Silicone-Based Alternatives
    • 4.1.2 Hydrocarbon-Based Solutions
    • 4.1.3 Performance Comparisons
  • 4.2 Non-Fluorinated Surfactants and Dispersants
    • 4.2.1 Bio-Based Surfactants
    • 4.2.2 Silicon-Based Surfactants
    • 4.2.3 Hydrocarbon-Based Surfactants
  • 4.3 PFAS-Free Water and Oil-Repellent Materials
    • 4.3.1 Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
    • 4.3.2 PFA-Free Durable Water Repellent (DWR) Coatings
    • 4.3.3 Silicone-Based Repellents
    • 4.3.4 Nano-Structured Surfaces
  • 4.4 Fluorine-Free Liquid-Repellent Surfaces
    • 4.4.1 Superhydrophobic Coatings
    • 4.4.2 Omniphobic Surfaces
    • 4.4.3 Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS)
  • 4.5 PFAS-Free Colorless Transparent Polyimide
    • 4.5.1 Novel Polymer Structures
    • 4.5.2 Applications in Flexible Electronics
  • 4.6 Heat Transfer Fluid Alternatives
  • 4.7 Lubricant Alternatives

5 PFAS DEGRADATION AND ELIMINATION

  • 5.1 Current methods for PFAS degradation and elimination
  • 5.2 Bio-friendly methods
    • 5.2.1 Phytoremediation
    • 5.2.2 Microbial Degradation
    • 5.2.3 Enzyme-Based Degradation
    • 5.2.4 Mycoremediation
    • 5.2.5 Biochar Adsorption
    • 5.2.6 Green Oxidation Methods
    • 5.2.7 Bio-based Adsorbents
    • 5.2.8 Algae-Based Systems
  • 5.3 Companies
  • 5.4 Emerging Remediation and Destruction Technologies
    • 5.4.1 Technology Validation and Commercial Readiness Overview
    • 5.4.2 High-Efficiency Thermal Destruction: Recent Validated Results
    • 5.4.3 Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT)
    • 5.4.4 Plasma Treatment
      • 5.4.4.1 Thermal Plasma Systems
      • 5.4.4.2 Non-Thermal Plasma Systems

6 PFAS TREATMENT

  • 6.1 Definitional Framework: Treatment Market vs. Remediation Market
  • 6.2 Introduction
  • 6.3 Pathways for PFAS environmental contamination
    • 6.3.1 Corporate PFAS Phase-Out Commitments
  • 6.4 Regulations
    • 6.4.1 USA
    • 6.4.2 EU
    • 6.4.3 Rest of the World
  • 6.5 PFAS water treatment
    • 6.5.1 Introduction
    • 6.5.2 Market Forecast 2025-2036
    • 6.5.3 Applications
      • 6.5.3.1 Drinking water
      • 6.5.3.2 Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
      • 6.5.3.3 Landfill leachate
      • 6.5.3.4 Municipal wastewater treatment
      • 6.5.3.5 Industrial process and wastewater
      • 6.5.3.6 Sites with heavy PFAS contamination
      • 6.5.3.7 Point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) filters and systems
    • 6.5.4 PFAS treatment approaches
    • 6.5.5 Traditional removal technologies
      • 6.5.5.1 Adsorption: granular activated carbon (GAC)
        • 6.5.5.1.1 Sources
        • 6.5.5.1.2 Short-chain PFAS compounds
        • 6.5.5.1.3 Reactivation
        • 6.5.5.1.4 PAC systems
      • 6.5.5.2 Adsorption: ion exchange resins (IER)
        • 6.5.5.2.1 Pre-treatment
        • 6.5.5.2.2 Resins
      • 6.5.5.3 Membrane filtration-reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
    • 6.5.6 Emerging removal technologies
      • 6.5.6.1 Foam fractionation and ozofractionation
        • 6.5.6.1.1 Polymeric sorbents
        • 6.5.6.1.2 Mineral-based sorbents
        • 6.5.6.1.3 Flocculation/coagulation
        • 6.5.6.1.4 Electrostatic coagulation/concentration
      • 6.5.6.2 Companies
    • 6.5.7 Destruction technologies
      • 6.5.7.1 PFAS waste management
      • 6.5.7.2 Landfilling of PFAS-containing waste
      • 6.5.7.3 Thermal treatment
      • 6.5.7.4 Liquid-phase PFAS destruction
      • 6.5.7.5 Electrochemical oxidation
      • 6.5.7.6 Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
      • 6.5.7.7 Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT)
      • 6.5.7.8 Plasma treatment
      • 6.5.7.9 Photocatalysis
      • 6.5.7.10 Sonochemical oxidation
      • 6.5.7.11 Challenges
      • 6.5.7.12 Companies
  • 6.6 Destruction Technologies
    • 6.6.1 Technology Validation and Commercial Readiness Overview
    • 6.6.2 High-Efficiency Thermal Destruction: Recent Validated Results
  • 6.7 PFAS Solids Treatment
    • 6.7.1 Market Forecast 2025-2036
    • 6.7.2 PFAS migration
    • 6.7.3 Soil washing (or soil scrubbing)
    • 6.7.4 Soil flushing
    • 6.7.5 Thermal desorption
    • 6.7.6 Phytoremediation
    • 6.7.7 In-situ immobilization
    • 6.7.8 Pyrolysis and gasification
    • 6.7.9 Plasma
    • 6.7.10 Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
  • 6.8 Companies

7 MARKET ANALYSIS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

  • 7.1 Current Market Size and Segmentation
    • 7.1.1 Long-Term Market Perspective
    • 7.1.2 Industry Capacity Expansion Investments
    • 7.1.3 Global PFAS Market Overview
    • 7.1.4 Regional Market Analysis
      • 7.1.4.1 North America
      • 7.1.4.2 Europe
      • 7.1.4.3 Asia-Pacific
      • 7.1.4.4 Latin America
      • 7.1.4.5 Middle East and Africa
    • 7.1.5 Market Segmentation by Industry
      • 7.1.5.1 Textiles and Apparel
      • 7.1.5.2 Food Packaging
      • 7.1.5.3 Firefighting Foams
      • 7.1.5.4 Electronics & semiconductors
      • 7.1.5.5 Automotive
      • 7.1.5.6 Aerospace
      • 7.1.5.7 Construction
      • 7.1.5.8 Others
    • 7.1.6 Global PFAS Treatment Market Overview
      • 7.1.6.1 Regional PFAS Treatment Market Analysis
        • 7.1.6.1.1 North America
        • 7.1.6.1.2 Europe
        • 7.1.6.1.3 Asia-Pacific
        • 7.1.6.1.4 Latin America
        • 7.1.6.1.5 Middle East and Africa
        • 7.1.6.1.6 Destruction technologies by waste source, by region
          • 7.1.6.1.6.1 Industrial Wastewater and Concentrated Waste Streams
          • 7.1.6.1.6.2 Landfill Leachate
          • 7.1.6.1.6.3 Concentrated Separation Process Waste
          • 7.1.6.1.6.4 Groundwater and Drinking Water
          • 7.1.6.1.6.5 Solid Waste and Biosolids
  • 7.2 Impact of Regulations on Market Dynamics
    • 7.2.1 Shift from Long-Chain to Short-Chain PFAS
    • 7.2.2 Corporate PFAS Phase-Out Commitments
    • 7.2.3 Growth in PFAS-Free Alternatives Market
    • 7.2.4 Regional Market Shifts Due to Regulatory Differences
  • 7.3 Emerging Trends and Opportunities
    • 7.3.1 Green Chemistry Innovations
    • 7.3.2 Circular Economy Approaches
    • 7.3.3 Digital Technologies for PFAS Management
  • 7.4 Challenges and Barriers to PFAS Substitution
    • 7.4.1 Technical Performance Gaps
    • 7.4.2 Cost Considerations
    • 7.4.3 Regulatory Uncertainty
  • 7.5 Future Market Projections
    • 7.5.1 Short-Term Outlook (1-3 Years)
    • 7.5.2 Medium-Term Projections (3-5 Years)
    • 7.5.3 Long-Term Scenarios (5-10 Years)

8 COMPANY PROFILES (60 company profiles)

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10 REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Established applications of PFAS.
  • Table 2. PFAS chemicals segmented by non-polymers vs polymers.
  • Table 3. Quantified PFAS Liability Landscape (Current Estimates)
  • Table 4. EU PFAS Regulatory Evolution and Timeline
  • Table 5. Quantified Market Transformation Metrics
  • Table 6. Non-polymeric PFAS.
  • Table 7. Chemical structure and physiochemical properties of various perfluorinated surfactants.
  • Table 8. Examples of long-chain PFAS-Applications, Regulatory Status and Environmental and Health Effects.
  • Table 9. Examples of short-chain PFAS.
  • Table 10. Other non-polymeric PFAS.
  • Table 11. Examples of fluoropolymers.
  • Table 12. Examples of side-chain fluorinated polymers.
  • Table 13. Applications of PFAs.
  • Table 14. PFAS surfactant properties.
  • Table 15. List of PFAS alternatives.
  • Table 16. Common PFAS and their regulation.
  • Table 17. International PFAS regulations.
  • Table 18. European Union Regulations.
  • Table 19. United States Regulations.
  • Table 20. U.S. Multi-Layered PFAS Regulatory Framework
  • Table 21. Selected State PFAS Regulations Exceeding Federal Standards
  • Table 22. PFAS Regulations in Asia-Pacific Countries.
  • Table 23. Identified uses of PFAS in semiconductors.
  • Table 24. Alternatives to PFAS in Semiconductors.
  • Table 25. Key properties of PFAS in water-repellent materials.
  • Table 26. Initiatives by outdoor clothing companies to phase out PFCs.
  • Table 27. Comparative analysis of Alternatives to PFAS for textiles.
  • Table 28. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for textiles.
  • Table 29. Applications of PFAS in Food Packaging.
  • Table 30. Regulation related to PFAS in food contact materials.
  • Table 31. Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF).
  • Table 32. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for food packaging.
  • Table 33. Applications and purpose of PFAS in paints and coatings.
  • Table 34. Companies developing PFAS alternatives for paints and coatings.
  • Table 35. Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes.
  • Table 36. Key aspects of PEMELs.
  • Table 37. Membrane Degradation Processes Overview.
  • Table 38. PFSA Membranes & Key Players.
  • Table 39. Competing Membrane Materials.
  • Table 40. Comparative analysis of membrane properties.
  • Table 41. Processes for manufacturing of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes.
  • Table 42. PFSA Resin Suppliers.
  • Table 43. CCM Production Technologies.
  • Table 44. Comparison of Coating Processes.
  • Table 45. Alternatives to PFAS in catalyst coated membranes.
  • Table 46. Key Properties and Considerations for RFB Membranes.
  • Table 47. PFSA Membrane Manufacturers for RFBs.
  • Table 48. Alternative Materials for RFB Membranes
  • Table 49. Alternative Polymer Materials for Ion Exchange Membranes.
  • Table 50. Hydrocarbon Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells.
  • Table 51. Companies developing PFA alternatives for fuel cell membranes.
  • Table 52. Identified uses of PFASs in the energy sector.
  • Table 53. Alternatives to PFAS in Energy by Market (Excluding Fuel Cells).
  • Table 54: Anti-icing and de-icing nanocoatings product and application developers.
  • Table 55. Companies developing alternatives to PFAS in energy (excluding fuel cells).
  • Table 56. Commercial low-loss organic laminates-key properties at 10 GHz.
  • Table 57. Key Properties of PTFE to Consider for 5G Applications.
  • Table 58. Applications of PTFE in 5G in a table
  • Table 59. Challenges in PTFE-based laminates in 5G.
  • Table 60. Key regulations affecting PFAS use in low-loss materials.
  • Table 61. Commercial low-loss materials suitable for 5G applications.
  • Table 62. Key low-loss materials suppliers.
  • Table 63. Alternatives to PFAS for low-loss applications in 5G
  • Table 64. Benchmarking LTCC materials suitable for 5G applications.
  • Table 65. Benchmarking of various glass substrates suitable for 5G applications.
  • Table 66. Applications of PFAS in cosmetics.
  • Table 67. Alternatives to PFAS for various functions in cosmetics.
  • Table 68. Companies developing PFAS alternatives in cosmetics.
  • Table 69. Applications of PFAS in Automotive Industry.
  • Table 70. Application of PFAS in Electric Vehicles.
  • Table 71.Suppliers of PFAS-free Coolants and Refrigerants for EVs.
  • Table 72. Immersion Fluids for EVs
  • Table 73. Immersion Cooling Fluids Requirements.
  • Table 74. Single-phase vs two-phase cooling.
  • Table 75. Companies producing Immersion Fluids for EVs.
  • Table 76. Alternatives to PFAS in the automotive sector.
  • Table 77. Use of PFAS in the electronics sector.
  • Table 78. Companies developing alternatives to PFAS in electronics & semiconductors.
  • Table 79. Applications of PFAS in Medical Devices.
  • Table 80. Alternatives to PFAS in medical devices.
  • Table 81. Readiness level of PFAS alternatives.
  • Table 82. Comparing PFAS-free alternatives to traditional PFAS-containing release agents.
  • Table 83. Novel PFAS-free CTPI structures.
  • Table 84. Applications of PFAS-free CTPIs in flexible electronics.
  • Table 85. Current methods for PFAS elimination .
  • Table 86. Companies developing processes for PFA degradation and elimination.
  • Table 87. PFAS Treatment Market Scope and Definitions
  • Table 88. Treatment Market Segment Share Evolution (2025-2035)
  • Table 89. Total PFAS Treatment Market Forecast by Segment (2025-2036).
  • Table 90. PFAS Treatment Market Share Evolution.
  • Table 91. PFAS Treatment Technology Generational Framework
  • Table 92. Destruction Technology Performance Benchmarks
  • Table 93. Pathways for PFAS environmental contamination.
  • Table 94. Global PFAS Drinking Water Limits
  • Table 95. USA PFAS Regulations.
  • Table 96. EU PFAS Regulations
  • Table 97. Global PFAS Regulations.
  • Table 98. PFAS drinking water treatment market forecast 2025-2036
  • Table 99. Applications requiring PFAS water treatment.
  • Table 100. Point-of-Use (POU) and Point-of-Entry (POE) Systems.
  • Table 101. PFAS treatment approaches.
  • Table 102. Typical Flow Rates for Different Facilities.
  • Table 103. In-Situ vs Ex-Situ Treatment Comparison
  • Table 104. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for PFAS Removal.
  • Table 105. Removal technologies for PFAS in water.
  • Table 106. Suppliers of GAC media for PFAS removal applications.
  • Table 107. Commercially Available PFAS-Selective Resins.
  • Table 108. Estimated Treatment Costs by Method.
  • Table 109. Comparison of technologies for PFAS removal.
  • Table 110. Emerging removal technologies for PFAS in water.
  • Table 111. Companies in emerging PFAS removal technologies.
  • Table 112. PFAS Destruction Technologies.
  • Table 113. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for PFAS Destruction Technologies.
  • Table 114. Thermal Treatment Types.
  • Table 115. Liquid-Phase Technology Segmentation.
  • Table 116. PFAS Destruction Technologies Challenges.
  • Table 117. Companies developing PFAS Destruction Technologies.
  • Table 118. PFAS Solids Treatment Market Forecast 2025-2036.
  • Table 119. Treatment Methods for PFAS-Contaminated Solids.
  • Table 120. Companies developing processes for PFAS water and solid treatment.
  • Table 121. 30-year market estimate.
  • Table 122. Global PFAS Market Projection (2023-2036), Billions USD.
  • Table 123. Regional PFAS Chemicals Market Projection (2023-2036), Billions USD.
  • Table 124. PFAS Chemicals Market Segmentation by Industry (2023-2036), Billions USD.
  • Table 125. Regional PFAS Treatment Market (2025-2036), Billions USD.
  • Table 126. PFAS treatment market by region, North America.
  • Table 127. PFAS treatment market by region, Europe.
  • Table 128. PFAS treatment market by region, Asia-Pacific.
  • Table 129. PFAS treatment market by region, Latin America
  • Table 130. PFAS treatment market by region Middle East and Africa
  • Table 131. Breakdown by Waste Source and Region (2025-2036)
  • Table 132. Long-Chain PFAS and Short-Chain PFAS Market Share
  • Table 133. Corporate PFAS Transition Strategy Typology and Risk Assessment
  • Table 134.PFAS-Free Alternatives Market Size from 2020 to 2035, (Billions USD).
  • Table 135. Regional Market Data (2023) for PFAS and trends.
  • Table 136. Market Opportunities for PFAS alternatives.
  • Table 137. Circular Economy Initiatives and Potential Impact.
  • Table 138. Digital Technology Applications and Market Potential.
  • Table 139. Performance Comparison.
  • Table 140. Cost Comparison -PFAS and PFAS alternatives.
  • Table 141. PFAS Market Scenario Comparison: Quantified 2035 Projections (USD Billions)
  • Table 142. Global market Size 2023-2026 (USD Billions).
  • Table 143. Medium-Term Market Projections (2026-2030), Billions USD.
  • Table 144. Long-Term Market Projections (2036), Billions USD.

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Types of PFAS.
  • Figure 2. Structure of PFAS-based polymer finishes.
  • Figure 3. Water and Oil Repellent Textile Coating.
  • Figure 4. Main PFAS exposure route.
  • Figure 5. Main sources of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) and general pathways that these compounds may take toward human exposure.
  • Figure 6. Photolithography process in semiconductor manufacturing.
  • Figure 7. PFAS containing Chemicals by Technology Node.
  • Figure 8. The photoresist application process in photolithography.
  • Figure 9: Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface.
  • Figure 10. PEMFC Working Principle.
  • Figure 11. Schematic representation of a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA).
  • Figure 12. Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS).
  • Figure 13. Aclarity's Octa system.
  • Figure 14. Process for treatment of PFAS in water.
  • Figure 15. Octa(TM) system.
  • Figure 16. Axine Water Technologies system.
  • Figure 17. Gradiant Forever Gone.
  • Figure 18. PFAS Annihilator-R unit.