美国对外军售的成长机会（2025 年）

地缘政治情势的变化可能会阻碍工业发展，因为盟友会优先加强自身的国防能力。

本研究全面概述了美国对外军售产业的概况。根据主要武器类别，该行业分为以下几类：

• 飞弹
• 指挥、控制、通讯、电脑、情报、监视和侦察 (C4ISR)
• 固定翼飞机
• 旋翼机
• 无人系统
• 其他的

该研究分析了美国国防部2024财年的合同，包括多年期合约义务，以确定：

• 确定影响2029年之前产业成长的关键驱动因素和限制因素。
• 对主要国防部门和子部门支出趋势的评估
• 确定主要武器细分市场并检验各细分市场的具体技术趋势
• 检验客户格局，确定主要客户国家、其采购优先事项以及国防合约记录。
• 分析产业竞争格局，并确定主要国防承包商的市场份额。

该研究还探讨了不断变化的区域地缘政治趋势以及双边和多边防务伙伴关係，并确定了欧洲、亚太地区、中东和美洲的新合约机会和市场扩张潜力。

该研究强调了美国国防企业、学术机构和中小企业之间开展合作的重要性，以便在盟国加强国防工业基础、竞争日益激烈的背景下，开发出具有成本效益的创新解决方案。与盟国国防企业建立协同伙伴关係，可以加速技术转移、创新和新型国防系统的共同开发，从而增强美国国防出口商的供应链韧性。

报告摘要：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

随着地缘政治联盟格局的转变、区域衝突的加剧以及盟国国防现代化进程的加快，美国对外军售（FMS）市场持续发展演变。 2024财年（CY2024），该市场表现强劲，合约总额达233.1亿美元，较2023财年成长14.0%。这一增长主要得益于对飞弹系统、固定翼飞机、无人机系统、C4ISR能力以及多域一体化解决方案的需求增加。

市场集中度依然很高，前五大公司（洛克希德·马丁、波音、RTX技术公司、诺斯罗普·格鲁曼和通用原子公司）占据了92.1%的合约总额。飞弹和固定翼飞机（FWA）占合约总额的75%以上，巩固了它们作为美国对外武器转让支柱的地位。新兴的国防伙伴关係（INDUS-X、AUKUS、美国日联合生产项目）以及欧洲和亚太地区的现代化倡议进一步巩固了长期成长前景。

儘管需求强劲，美国国防工业仍面临诸多限制因素，包括国际武器贸易条例（ITAR）的限制、日益抬头的保护主义以及盟国国防工业自主性的增强。随着欧洲推进“2030年战备计划”，亚太国家扩大国内生产，美国企业必须加快联合生产、研发、测试和评估（RDT&E）合作以及本地技术整合，才能保持竞争力。

市场规模及预测（2024财年至2029财年）

• 2024财年支出：233.1亿美元
• 基准年增长率：14.0%
• 预测期间：2025财年至2029财年
• 生命週期阶段：成熟期
• 技术变革评分：4/10
• 竞争对手：56家活跃公司
• 市场集中度：前10家公司市占率为95.2%

亚太和欧洲日益增长的威胁、不断扩大的战略联盟以及不断改进的海外采购框架，都支撑着市场的成长轨迹。

市场概况及趋势：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

受地缘政治动盪、技术现代化和跨国供应链重组的影响，美国对外军售（FMS）环境正经历翻天覆地的变化。印太地区、东欧和中东等地区日益加剧的动盪正在加速采购週期，并催生了对可互通的美国本土国防系统的迫切需求。

影响需求的地缘政治趋势

地缘政治仍然是对外军售成长的主要驱动力，亚太地区和欧洲国家继续增加国防预算，以加强阻碍力。

• 日本（占亚太地区对外军售合约的 57.3%）专注于发展空中预警系统和多用途飞机。
• 在欧洲，德国、罗马尼亚和波兰主导采购，飞弹和FWA系统在该地区采购中占据主导地位。
• 加拿大是美洲最大的合作伙伴，占该地区 FMS 的 92.5%。

美国-印度「亚洲」倡议、美国英国安全框架（AUKUS）以及与日本、澳洲和韩国的长期国防框架预计将塑造下一代联合发展，尤其是在无人系统、人工智慧防御平台、高超音速武器和海上监视领域。

科技趋势

关键技术采购着重于增强杀伤力、人工智慧驱动的 ISR（情报、监视和侦察）、电子战和高端无人系统。

• 飞弹：地对空系统（例如爱国者飞弹）占比最大，达 63.2 亿美元。
• 固定翼飞机：多用途海上飞机以 34.1 亿美元位居第二，其次是战斗机，为 32.7 亿美元。
• 无人系统：作战无人机占比最大，达 5.432 亿美元。
• C4ISR：雷达（4.532亿美元）、指挥控制系统和电子战（EW）系统为现代化工作提供了支援。

随着人工智慧/机器学习、云端作战管理、先进雷达和电子战系统的快速融合，对外军售正朝向多域作战框架迈进。

合约趋势和资金筹措模式

• 采购合约：88.8%
• 服务合约：11.2%
• 非竞争性合约和修改后的合约：这些合约占总合的73% 以上，反映了旧有系统升级和紧急采购需求。
• 飞弹：占所有合约的39.5%
• FWA：35.8％
• 其他：8.7%（反制措施、地面车辆、训练）

采购合约数量超过服务合约数量，显示人们仍然重视能力取得而非能力保障。

竞争趋势

• 洛克希德马丁公司以 125.5 亿美元（占总数的 53.8%）位居榜首，其中大部分来自飞弹系统和 F-35 系列战斗机。
• 波音公司紧随其后，投资 45 亿美元，重点用于固定翼飞机和旋翼机维护。
• RTX Technologies 占 10.2%，其中大部分来自飞弹和雷达系统。

分析范围：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

本研究对美国对外军售（FMS）市场进行了全面评估，并考察了在FMS框架下，美国如何向核准的伙伴国转移国防相关产品、服务和长期保障方案。分析涵盖了FMS专案的整个生命週期——从最初的需求识别和专案开发，到专案执行、保障、现代化改造和后续支援——并检验了各国如何建构、增强和维持与美国系统互通性的国防能力。

评估范围将涵盖对外军售（FMS）生态系统中所有主要国防出口类别：空中系统、飞弹和弹药、C4ISR解决方案、陆地系统、海上平台、训练、物流和全寿命週期保障。评估将检视这些类别如何促进美国履行年度义务、提升能力以及加强与国际伙伴的策略协调。

在区域层面，我们将重点放在印太地区、欧洲、中东和非洲以及拉丁美洲的合作伙伴，分析其采购优先事项、现代化週期以及驱动需求的地缘政治压力方面的差异。我们也评估北约、奥库斯联盟和印太伙伴关係等联盟如何影响采购模式和互通性需求。

受访相关人员包括国防安全合作局（DSCA）、美国军事执行机构、各军种、主要承包商以及伙伴国采购机构。此外，还纳入了《国际武器贸易条例》（ITAR）、国会通知、透明度改革和安全合作倡议等政策因素，以反映管治框架如何影响对外军售（FMS）的进度安排和核准流程。

在财务方面，我们认识到主要平台销售及其相关的培训、备件和生命週期支援对长期收入的影响，并分析债务流、多年计划资金、维护合约和现代化支出。

整体而言，这项研究范围系统性地了解了美国对外军售计画如何增强伙伴国家的能力，推进美国的战略目标，并促进全球防务生态系统中的多领域能力。

收入预测：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

受现代化需求、地缘政治伙伴关係以及持续不断的区域衝突等因素驱动，美国对外军售（FMS）市场持续保持强劲的成长动能。根据最新的支出指标，预计到2024年，该市场规模将达到233.1亿美元，并在预测期内奠定稳固的地位。

随着盟国加大对先进空中、陆地、海上、飞弹防御和C4ISR系统的采购力度，预计未来几年市场将稳步扩张。这一强劲增长得益于多年现代化计画、与美军的互通性要求以及对精确制导武器和防空系统日益增长的需求。到2030年，美国年度对外军售（FMS）支出预计将达到约430亿至450亿美元，这反映了国际伙伴为实现部队结构现代化和提升战备水平而持续做出的努力。

这意味着从2024年到2030年，复合年增长率将维持在10.5%至11%的健康水准。预计从2026年开始，随着多个印太地区和欧洲能力扩充项目从规划阶段进入采购阶段，成长速度将最强劲。战斗机、飞弹防御系统、装甲车辆和战术通讯平台的采购将显着延长未来的收入週期。

国会的大力支持、加快的外国军事基金（FMF）核准流程，以及越来越多寻求美国製造装备用于阻碍力、训练和联盟任务兼容性的中等规模国家参与，也推动了增长。同时，现有客户正在增加维护和全寿命週期支援方面的支出，这对年度收入的稳定性做出了重要贡献。

总体而言，在现代化需求、伙伴国家之间的战略调整以及全球对美国国防技术的日益依赖的推动下，美国的对外军售体系仍然具备长期扩张的基础。

细分市场分析：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

美国对外军售（FMS）市场由多个能力领域构成，这些领域反映了伙伴国家的优先事项、现代化时间表和作战准备要求。这些细分领域决定了各国如何分配预算、制定长期舰队战略，以及如何使其国防体系与美国和北约标准保持一致。

A. 按类别

1. 航空系统（占比最大）

航空系统仍然是对外军售（FMS）组合中最具主导地位和战略意义的组成部分。此类别涵盖战斗机、运输机、直升机、情报、监视与侦察（ISR）设备和教练机，是市场上价值最高、生命週期最长的采购项目。战斗机和多用途战斗机是高端空军现代化建设的支柱，而运输机和通用直升机则提供机动性、人道主义援助和任务后勤保障。 ISR平台支援情报收集、海上监视、边境监视和反恐行动，对多域作战至关重要。教练机透过长期支援、类比和航空电子设备升级，进一步提升飞行员的技能和作战准备水平，从而提高其生命週期价值。

2. 飞弹和弹药

飞弹和弹药领域的特点是需求持续旺盛且量大。伙伴国家持续购买精确导引武器、战术弹道飞弹、防空和飞弹防御火炮以及配备整合式感测器套件的拦截器，以加强阻碍力并应对不断演变的空中和飞弹威胁。该领域在库存补充、多层次防御战略和快速反应能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

3. 土地系统

陆地系统部门包括装甲战车、战术卡车、火炮装备和单兵系统。需求主要来自老旧装备的现代化改造、国家安全部队的扩充、边防安全安全措施。这些系统通常包含多年维护保障方案、训练支援和现代化升级套件。

4. C4ISR 和网路系统

现代国防行动依赖指挥控制中心、战术通讯、雷达和感测器系统以及电子战技术。这些能力能够实现联盟协调、情境察觉和安全的资讯流。致力于多域一体化的国家认为，C4ISR（指挥、控制、通讯、电脑、情报、监视与侦察）对于确保作战优势至关重要。

5. 海军系统

该领域包括多用途舰艇、舰载武器系统和海上监视解决方案，这些解决方案主要受印度-太平洋和中东地区海上安全需求的驱动。

6.培训和支援服务

培训和保障是一个快速发展的领域，各国都在采购飞行员培训、维护培训以及物流和供应链支持，以确保平台在其整个生命週期内的准备就绪和可用性。

B. 按地区

• 印太地区：这是成长最快的地区，其驱动力是海上衝突、优先考虑阻碍力以及先进的空中现代化。
• 欧洲：与北约战备、防空和库存补充相关的高需求地区。
• 中东：历史性的强劲需求持续存在，预算不断调整，防空和飞弹防御的投资也不断增加。
• 非洲和拉丁美洲：优先采购用于机动性、监视和内部安全任务。

C. 依需求类型

对外军售（FMS）需求与五种战略需求类型相对应：

核心平台与国防架构现代化

现有车队的维护和长期维护

补充弹药和备件库存

提高战备水准以确保任务能力

互通性计划旨在使盟军系统与美国和北约标准保持一致。

成长动力：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

• 1.策略防务伙伴关係

INDUS-X、AUKUS 以及新的美国日合作框架等伙伴关係加强了联合生产、技术共用和供应链拓展。这些合作加速了系统开发并扩大了市场进入。

• 2. 提高威胁意识

随着盟友面临日益严峻的安全挑战，尤其是在亚太地区，他们继续依赖美国平台来获得空中优势、飞弹防御、情报、监视和侦察 (ISR) 以及海上安全。

• 3. 加强对外军售程序中的政策

2025年的行政命令将加速优先伙伴国对外军售（FMS）的审批流程，缩短采购时间并提高互通性。提案的《国际武器贸易条例》（ITAR）改革将进一步改善出口流通。

成长抑制因素：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

1. ITAR与出口管制刚性

儘管提案了改革方案，但现行法规仍然减缓了技术转移速度，造成了互通性障碍，并影响了采购时间表。

2. 保护主义政策

更严格的「购买美国货」政策和重新谈判的贸易协定可能会减少美国公司在海外市场的机会。

3. 国内国防工业的崛起

印度、日本和韩国等国家正迅速扩大国内製造业，减少对源自美国的系统的依赖。

竞争格局：美国对外军售（FMS）市场

美国对外军售（FMS）市场竞争格局高度集中，由拥有丰富专案经验、全球支援网络以及与伙伴国家长期合作关係的美国主要国防承包商主导。这些公司不仅在平台製造方面发挥核心作用，而且在FMS专案整个生命週期中提供培训、维护、现代化和技术整合服务。

洛克希德马丁公司是最大的参与者，凭藉其战斗机（包括F-35）、直升机、飞弹系统和C4ISR解决方案等产品组合，始终赢得最多的对外军售（FMS）合约。该公司长期保障计划和全球维护基础设施进一步巩固了其领先地位。波音防务紧接在洛克希德马丁公司之后，是战斗机、旋翼机、海上巡逻机和物流支援包的主要供应商，尤其在印太地区和中东地区拥有显着的市场地位。

由于飞弹防御、雷达、一体化防空反导系统和精确导引武器领域持续存在高需求，雷神公司（RTX）成为强而有力的竞争者。诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司透过先进的情报、监视与侦察（ISR）平台、感测器、电子战和无人系统做出了重大贡献，而通用动力公司则继续在透过对外军售（FMS）采购的陆地系统、C4ISR和海军技术领域发挥关键作用。

在下一层级，L3Harris、Textron、Sikorsky 和 ​​Bell 在航空、旋翼机、通讯、训练系统和保障服务领域发挥关键作用。它们的模组化解决方案以及与美国平台的兼容性，使伙伴国家无需对新平台进行大量投资即可扩展自身能力。

竞争格局由以下几个结构性因素所塑造：

• 生命週期支援义务（通常超过初始采购价值）
• 根据《国际武器贸易条例》(ITAR)和技术转移条例，出口性和模型客製化问题
• 专案绩效，包括交付进度​​和维护可靠性
• 联盟主导的需求倾向于选择具有高度互通性且符合北约标准的系统的承包商。

虽然集中的市场结构确保了稳定性，但也加剧了对现代化方案、数位化升级、培训生态系统和长期服务合约等关键价值来源的激烈竞争——所有这些都将塑造美国对外军售竞争力的未来。

目录

调查范围

• 分析范围
• 分割

战略问题

• 为什么成长变得越来越困难
• The Strategic Imperative 8
• 三大战略问题对美国对外军售业的影响

成长机会分析

• 成长指标
• 成长驱动因素
• 成长抑制因素
• 2024财年合约概要
• 合约部门分析
• 主要武器部件分析
• 各细分市场的关键技术趋势
• 客户状况分析
• 各区域成长前景
• 竞争格局：合约份额分析
• 主要武器领域排名前列的公司
• 合约范例

成长机会领域

• 成长机会 1：合作研究、开发、测试和评估 (RDT&E)
• 成长机会2：供应链韧性
• 成长机会3：本地科技整合

下一步

• 成长机会带来的益处和影响
• 下一步
• 附件清单
• 免责声明

Evolving Geopolitical Climates May Stifle Industry Growth as Allies Prioritize Strengthening their Domestic Defense Capabilities

This research provides a comprehensive overview of the US foreign military sales industry outlook. Based on major arms segmentation, it categorizes the industry into:

• Missiles
• Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
• Fixed-Wing Aircraft
• Rotary-Wing Aircraft
• Unmanned Systems
• Others

The study analyzes the Department of Defense's contracts for the calendar year (CY) 2024, including multi-year obligations to:

• Determine key industry drivers and restraints affecting growth through 2029
• Assess spending trends across major defense departments and sub-departments
• Identify leading major arms segments and examine segment-specific technology trends
• Examine the customer landscape and determine the top customer countries, their procurement priorities, and the largest recorded defense contracts
• Analyze the industry competitive landscape and highlight the market share of leading defense contractors

The research also explores evolving regional geopolitical dynamics and bilateral and multilateral defense partnerships, identifying emerging contracting and market expansion opportunities in Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and the Americas.

The study underscores the importance of collaboration among US-based defense firms, academia, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to develop cost-effective, innovative solutions amid increasing competition from allied nations strengthening their domestic defense industrial bases. Synergistic partnerships with defense firms in allied nations can accelerate technology transfers, innovation, and co-development of new defense systems, and bolster supply chain resilience for US defense exporters.

Report Summary: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market continues to evolve amid shifting geopolitical alliances, rising regional conflicts, and accelerating defense modernization efforts across allied nations. In CY2024, the market recorded

strong performance

, with total contracting activities reaching $23.31 billion, reflecting a 14.0% YoY increase from CY2023 levels. Growth was driven primarily by rising demand for missile systems, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial systems, C4ISR capabilities, and integrated multi-domain solutions.

The market remains highly concentrated, with the top five contractors-Lockheed Martin, Boeing Co., RTX Technologies, Northrop Grumman, and General Atomics-collectively controlling 92.1% of contract value. Missiles and FWA (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) together accounted for more than 75% of total contract value, reinforcing their role as the backbone of US foreign arms transfers. Emerging defense partnerships (INDUS-X, AUKUS, US-Japan co-production programs) and modernization initiatives across Europe and APAC further anchor long-term growth prospects.

Despite strong demand, the market faces constraints related to ITAR bottlenecks, rising protectionism, and the increasing self-reliance of allied defense industries. As Europe pushes its Readiness 2030 initiative and APAC nations expand indigenous manufacturing, US firms must accelerate co-production, RDT&E collaboration, and local technology integration to remain competitive.

Market Size & Forecast (CY2024-CY2029)

• CY2024 Spending: $23.31B
• Base-Year Growth Rate: 14.0%
• Forecast Horizon: CY2025-CY2029
• Lifecycle Stage: Mature
• Degree of Technical Change: 4/10
• Competitors: 56 active companies
• Market Concentration: 95.2% held by top 10 firms

The market trajectory is supported by rising threats in APAC and Europe, expanded strategic alliances, and improvements to foreign procurement frameworks.

Market Overview & Trends: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US FMS landscape is undergoing a structural shift driven by geopolitical turbulence, technological modernization, and multi-national supply chain realignment. The increasing volatility in regions such as Indo-Pacific, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East has accelerated procurement cycles, creating urgent demand for interoperable, US-origin defense systems.

Geopolitical Dynamics Shaping Demand

Geopolitics remains the principal driver of FMS growth. Defense budgets across APAC and Europe continue to rise as nations strengthen deterrence capabilities against evolving threats.

• Japan (57.3% of APAC FMS contracts) focused heavily on airborne early warning systems and multi-mission aircraft.
• Germany, Romania, Poland led European procurement, with missiles and FWA systems dominating the region's purchases.
• Canada remained the largest partner in the Americas, accounting for 92.5% of FMS in the region.

The US-India ASIA initiative, AUKUS, and long-term defense frameworks with Japan, Australia, and South Korea will shape next-generation joint development, particularly in unmanned systems, AI-enabled defense platforms, hypersonics, and maritime surveillance.

Technology Trends

Top technology procurements emphasize enhanced lethality, AI-driven ISR, electronic warfare, and high-end unmanned systems.

• Missiles: Surface-to-air systems (e.g., PATRIOT) formed the largest share, reaching $6.32B.
• Fixed-Wing Aircraft: Multi-mission maritime aircraft hit $3.41B, followed by fighter aircraft at $3.27B.
• Unmanned Systems: Combat UAVs dominated with $543.2M.
• C4ISR: Radar ($453.2M), command-and-control systems, and EW suites supported modernization efforts.

The rapid integration of AI/ML, cloud-enabled battle management, advanced radar, and EW systems is shifting FMS toward multi-domain operational frameworks.

Contracting Behavior and Funding Patterns

• Procurement contracts: 88.8%
• Services: 11.2%
• Non-competitive and modification contracts: Over 73% combined, reflecting legacy system upgrades and urgent acquisition needs.
• Missiles: 39.5% of all contracts
• FWA: 35.8%
• Others: 8.7% (countermeasures, ground vehicles, training)

The dominance of procurement over service contracts indicates a continued emphasis on capability acquisition rather than sustainment.

Competitive Landscape Trends

• Lockheed Martin leads with $12.55B (53.8% of total), largely driven by missile systems and the F-35 family.
• Boeing follows with $4.5B, focused on FWA and rotary aircraft sustainment.
• RTX Technologies holds 10.2%, mostly from missile and radar systems.

Scope of Analysis: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market, examining how defense articles, services, and long-term sustainment packages are transferred from the United States to approved partner nations under the FMS framework. The analysis covers the complete lifecycle of FMS cases-from initial requirement identification and case development to program execution, sustainment, modernization, and follow-on support-reflecting how countries build, upgrade, and maintain interoperable defense capabilities with US systems.

The scope includes all major categories of defense exports highlighted in the FMS ecosystem: air systems, missiles and munitions, C4ISR solutions, land systems, maritime platforms, training, logistics, and lifecycle maintenance. It evaluates how these categories contribute to annual obligations, capability building, and strategic alignment between the United States and international partners.

Regionally, the analysis encompasses Indo-Pacific, European, Middle Eastern, African, and Latin American partners, capturing variations in procurement priorities, modernization cycles, and geopolitical pressures driving demand. The scope also assesses how alliances such as NATO, AUKUS, and Indo-Pacific partnerships influence procurement patterns and interoperability requirements.

Stakeholders examined include the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), US military implementing agencies, service branches, prime contractors, and partner-nation acquisition authorities. Policy factors-such as ITAR regulations, congressional notifications, transparency reforms, and security cooperation initiatives-are incorporated to reflect how governance frameworks shape FMS timelines and approval processes.

Financially, the analysis reviews obligation flows, multiyear program funding, sustainment contracts, and modernization spending, recognizing the long-term revenue impact of major platform sales coupled with training, spares, and lifecycle support.

Overall, the scope provides a structured understanding of how the US FMS program strengthens partner capabilities, advances US strategic objectives, and drives multi-domain capability upgrades across global defense ecosystems.

Revenue Forecast: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market in the United States continues to demonstrate strong fiscal momentum driven by modernization needs, geopolitical partnerships, and replenishment cycles stemming from ongoing regional conflicts. Based on the latest spending indicators, the market reported USD 23.31 billion in 2024, establishing a robust baseline for the forecast period.

Looking ahead, the market is expected to expand steadily as allied nations increase procurements of advanced air, land, naval, missile defense, and C4ISR systems. Strong growth is supported by multi-year modernization programs, interoperability mandates with U.S. forces, and elevated demand for precision munitions and air-defense systems. By 2030, annual U.S. FMS-linked spending is projected to reach approximately USD 43-45 billion, reflecting the sustained commitment of international partners to upgrade force structures and enhance readiness postures.

This trajectory corresponds to a healthy CAGR of about 10.5% to 11% between 2024 and 2030. The highest acceleration is expected from 2026 onward, as several Indo-Pacific and European capability expansion programs move from planning to acquisition phases. Procurement volumes for fighter aircraft, missile defense systems, armored vehicles, and tactical communications platforms will significantly amplify future revenue cycles.

Growth is also fueled by strong congressional support, faster approval cycles for Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and expanded participation of mid-sized nations seeking U.S.-made equipment for deterrence, training, and allied mission compatibility. In parallel, existing customers are increasing sustainment and lifecycle-support spending, which contributes meaningfully to year-over-year revenue stability.

Overall, the U.S. FMS ecosystem remains positioned for long-term expansion, driven by modernization imperatives, strategic realignment among partner nations, and growing global dependence on U.S. defense technology.

Segmentation Analysis: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market is structured across multiple capability domains that reflect partner-nation priorities, modernization timelines, and operational readiness requirements. These segments define how countries allocate budgets, shape long-term fleet strategies, and synchronize their defense ecosystems with US and NATO standards.

A. By Category

1. Air Systems (Largest Share)

Air systems remain the most dominant and strategically significant segment within the FMS portfolio. This category spans fighter jets, transport aircraft, helicopters, ISR assets, and training aircraft, representing the highest-value, longest-lifecycle procurements across the market. Fighter jets and multi-role combat aircraft serve as the backbone of high-end airpower modernization, while transport aircraft and utility helicopters address mobility, humanitarian support, and mission logistics. ISR platforms support intelligence, maritime awareness, border surveillance, and counter-terror missions, making them critical for multi-domain operations. Training aircraft further reinforce pilot proficiency and operational readiness, adding to lifecycle value through long-term support, simulation, and avionics upgrades.

2. Missiles & Munitions

The missiles and munitions segment is characterized by recurring, high-volume demand. Partner nations continue to procure precision-guided weapons, tactical ballistic missiles, air and missile defense artillery, and interceptors with integrated sensor suites to strengthen deterrence and address evolving aerial and missile threats. This segment plays a vital role in stockpile replenishment, layered defense strategies, and rapid-response capabilities.

3. Land Systems

The land systems segment comprises armored combat vehicles, tactical trucks, artillery, and soldier systems. Demand is driven by modernization of legacy fleets, national security forces reinforcement, and border-security initiatives. These systems often include multi-year sustainment packages, training support, and modernization kits.

4. C4ISR & Cyber Systems

Modern defense operations depend on command centers, tactical communications, radar and sensor systems, and electronic warfare technologies. These capabilities enable joint-force coordination, situational awareness, and secure information flow. Countries investing in multi-domain integration view C4ISR as essential to operational superiority.

5. Naval Systems

This segment includes multi-mission vessels, shipborne weapons systems, and maritime surveillance solutions, driven largely by Indo-Pacific and Middle Eastern maritime security requirements.

6. Training & Support Services

Training and sustainment constitute a fast-growing segment, with countries procuring pilot training, maintenance training, and logistics & supply chain support to ensure full lifecycle readiness and platform availability.

B. By Region

• Indo-Pacific: The fastest-growing region, driven by maritime disputes, deterrence priorities, and advanced airpower modernization.
• Europe: A high-volume cluster aligned with NATO readiness, air defense, and stockpile replenishment.
• Middle East: Maintains strong historical demand, now recalibrating budgets while continuing investment in air and missile defense.
• Africa & Latin America: Targeted procurement for mobility, surveillance, and internal security missions.

C. By Type of Requirement

FMS demand aligns with five strategic requirement types:

Modernization of core platforms and defense architectures

Sustainment and long-term maintenance of existing fleets

Stockpile replenishment for munitions and spares

Readiness enhancement to ensure mission availability

Interoperability programs that align partner-nation systems with US and NATO standards

Growth Drivers: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

• 1. Strategic Defense Partnerships

Partnerships such as INDUS-X, AUKUS, and new US-Japan frameworks strengthen co-production, technology sharing, and supply chain expansion. These collaborations accelerate system development and expand market access.

• 2. Rising Threat Perceptions

Allied nations facing heightened security challenges-especially in APAC-continue to depend on US platforms for air dominance, missile defense, ISR, and maritime security.

• 3. Policy Enhancements in FMS Procedures

The 2025 Executive Order accelerates FMS processing for priority partners, easing acquisition timelines and boosting interoperability. Proposed ITAR reforms further improve export flows.

Growth Restraints: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

1. ITAR and Export Control Rigidities

Despite proposed reforms, existing regulations still slow down transfers, create interoperability barriers, and affect procurement schedules.

2. Protectionist Policies

"Buy American" emphasis and renegotiated trade deals may reduce opportunities in foreign markets for US contractors.

3. Rise of Indigenous Defense Industries

Countries like India, Japan, and South Korea are rapidly expanding domestic manufacturing, reducing dependency on US-origin systems.

Competitive Landscape: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market is characterized by a highly concentrated competitive landscape dominated by major US defense prime contractors with deep program experience, global support networks, and long-standing relationships with partner nations. These firms play a central role not only in platform manufacturing but also in delivering training, sustainment, modernization, and technology-integration services that span the entire lifecycle of FMS cases.

Lockheed Martin, the largest participant, consistently captures the highest share of FMS obligations due to its portfolio of fighter aircraft (including the F-35), helicopters, missile systems, and C4ISR solutions. Its long-term sustainment programs and global maintenance infrastructure further reinforce its leadership. Boeing Defense follows closely as a major supplier of fighter jets, rotorcraft, patrol aircraft, and logistics support packages, especially prominent in Indo-Pacific and Middle Eastern cases.

Raytheon (RTX) holds a strong competitive position across missile defense, radars, integrated air and missile defense systems, and precision munitions-segments with recurring, high-volume demand. Northrop Grumman contributes significantly through advanced ISR platforms, sensors, electronic warfare, and unmanned systems, while General Dynamics remains central to land systems, C4ISR, and naval technologies procured through FMS.

Below the top tier, L3Harris, Textron, Sikorsky, and Bell serve important roles across aviation, rotorcraft, communications, training systems, and sustainment services. Their modular offerings and compatibility with US platforms allow partner nations to expand capability without requiring major new platform investments.

Competition is shaped by several structural factors:

• Lifecycle support obligations, which often exceed initial acquisition value
• Exportability and variant customization driven by ITAR and technology-release rules
• Program performance, including delivery timelines and sustainment reliability
• Alliance-driven requirements, which favor contractors with interoperable, NATO-aligned systems

The market's concentrated structure ensures stability, but it also drives significant competition around modernization packages, digital upgrades, training ecosystems, and long-term service agreements-critical value pools that shape the future of US FMS competitiveness.

Table of Contents

Research Scope

• Scope of Analysis
• Segmentation

Strategic Imperatives

• Why is it Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
• The Strategic Imperative 8
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the US Foreign Military Sales Industry

Growth Opportunity Analysis

• Growth Metrics
• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints
• CY2024 Contract Overview
• Contracting Department Analysis
• Major Arms Segmentation Analysis
• Top Technology Trends by Segment
• Customer Landscape Analysis
• Growth Outlook by Region
• Competitive Landscape: Contract Share Analysis
• Top Companies per Major Arms Segmentation
• Representative Contracts

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Joint Research, Development, Testing & Evaluation RDT&E
• Growth Opportunity 2: Supply Chain Resilience
• Growth Opportunity 3: Local Technology Integration

Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer