Product Code: MCP25450
Global Baby Movement Monitors Market to Reach US$2.0 Billion by 2030
The global market for Baby Movement Monitors estimated at US$1.0 Billion in the year 2023, is expected to reach US$2.0 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 10.1% over the analysis period 2023-2030. Under-the Mattress Monitors, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 10.7% CAGR and reach US$1.1 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Diaper Attachment Monitors segment is estimated at 9.9% CAGR over the analysis period.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$267.6 Million While China is Forecast to Grow at 9.1% CAGR
The Baby Movement Monitors market in the U.S. is estimated at US$267.6 Million in the year 2023. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$303.0 Million by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 9.1% over the analysis period 2023-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 9.0% and 8.0% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 7.9% CAGR.
Global Baby Movement Monitors Market - Key Trends and Drivers Summarized
What Are Baby Movement Monitors, and How Do They Support Infant Health?
Baby movement monitors are specialized devices that bring a new level of support and reassurance to infant care by enabling parents to track key indicators such as breathing patterns, body movement, and sleep quality. Designed with the primary purpose of monitoring a baby’s safety during sleep, these devices often include sensitive motion sensors, respiratory trackers, and sometimes even video and audio feeds, allowing for a more comprehensive overview of the child’s well-being. Many of these monitors use wearable sensors, such as small clips, chest bands, or smart socks, that can detect the slightest movements associated with an infant’s breathing and alert parents to any deviations from normal patterns. For example, if breathing becomes irregular or pauses beyond a certain threshold, these monitors can trigger immediate alerts, giving parents a critical heads-up. Some advanced models also monitor additional metrics like heart rate, oxygen levels, and sleep cycles, providing a holistic view of an infant’s health and rest patterns, which can be particularly helpful in understanding and supporting the child’s sleep development. By offering this type of real-time data, baby movement monitors address one of the top concerns for new parents: ensuring their baby’s safety and reducing the risk of sudden health issues during the most vulnerable moments, such as sleep.
Why Are Baby Movement Monitors Becoming Increasingly Popular Among New Parents?
The popularity of baby movement monitors is rising rapidly among new parents who prioritize infant safety, particularly during sleep, and seek reassurance about their baby’s well-being throughout the day and night. This demand has been fueled largely by an increasing awareness of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep-related risks, driving many parents to invest in technology that provides continuous monitoring and early-warning alerts if something appears amiss. For parents who live in larger homes or multilevel residences, baby movement monitors serve as an extra set of eyes and ears, allowing them to feel close to their baby even from a distance. The capability of receiving instant updates and alerts directly on a smartphone or tablet offers unprecedented convenience and peace of mind, allowing parents to rest easier or focus on other responsibilities without constantly checking on the baby in person. This appeal has only grown as technology has made these monitors more user-friendly, reliable, and integrated with mobile devices, enabling seamless monitoring without interrupting daily routines. Additionally, as awareness of the importance of sleep quality and safe sleep environments has increased, more parents are turning to these devices as a proactive step toward protecting their child’s health. Baby movement monitors reflect a broader trend toward technology-supported parenting, helping reduce anxiety and provide valuable insights that support parents as they navigate the early stages of infant care.
How Are Technological Advancements Improving the Functionality of Baby Movement Monitors?
Advances in technology are significantly enhancing the functionality, sensitivity, and accessibility of baby movement monitors, transforming them into powerful tools for tracking multiple aspects of an infant’s health and safety. Innovations in sensor technology have made it possible for these devices to detect even the slightest movements and monitor breathing rates with greater accuracy, reducing false alarms and giving parents more reliable insights. Modern monitors often use wearables, such as smart socks or chest-mounted sensors, that provide continuous data on vital signs, including oxygen levels, heart rate, and body temperature. These metrics are then transmitted to mobile apps, enabling parents to monitor real-time data and review historical trends that help them understand their baby’s unique patterns and detect any irregularities early. The integration of machine learning and AI into these systems is further refining their capabilities, allowing the monitors to distinguish between normal variations in movement and concerning patterns that may require parental attention. Additionally, some advanced monitors combine motion detection with video and audio feeds, providing a complete picture of the infant’s environment, movement, and sleep quality through a single interface. The combination of wearable tracking, biometric monitoring, and app-based connectivity means that baby movement monitors are now more robust, versatile, and tailored to meet the needs of today’s parents, ensuring more consistent and comprehensive support, especially during the critical early months.
What’s Driving the Growth of the Baby Movement Monitors Market?
The baby movement monitors market is expanding rapidly due to a convergence of factors including rising awareness of infant sleep safety, advances in wearable technology, and evolving parental expectations for real-time monitoring and peace of mind. Increased awareness about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and related sleep risks has heightened the need for monitoring solutions that can offer continuous reassurance during an infant’s sleep. Many parents are increasingly interested in tools that provide proactive monitoring, as traditional baby monitors are often limited to audio or video without movement or breathing detection. The progression of wearable technology has further propelled the market, as modern wearable devices are more advanced, comfortable, and capable of providing clinical-grade measurements of vital signs such as breathing rate and heart rate. Additionally, the integration of mobile applications meets the demands of tech-savvy parents who value the convenience of real-time alerts and data tracking from their smartphones, allowing them to stay informed about their baby’s well-being from anywhere in the house or even remotely. The COVID-19 pandemic has also contributed to the growth in demand for home health solutions, as parents seek tools that support in-home care, limiting the need for frequent in-person check-ins with healthcare providers. Lastly, the desire for personalized and on-demand health insights has made baby movement monitors an attractive option for parents who wish to be closely connected to their child’s health without the need for constant physical presence. Together, these factors are fueling robust growth in the baby movement monitors market, making these devices an indispensable component of modern infant care.
SCOPE OF STUDY:
The report analyzes the Baby Movement Monitors market in terms of US$ Thousand by the following Type, and Geographic Regions/Countries:
Segments:
Type (Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors, Other Types)
Geographic Regions/Countries:
World; USA; Canada; Japan; China; Europe; France; Germany; Italy; UK; Rest of Europe; Asia-Pacific; Rest of World.
Select Competitors (Total 25 Featured) -
- Baby Monitor Direct LLC
- iBaby Labs, Inc.
- Infant Optics
- Lorex Technology, Inc.
- Luvion Premium Babyproducts
- Masimo Corporation
- Maxi-Cosi
- Motorola Mobility LLC
- Nanit
- Nooie
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. METHODOLOGY
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
- Influencer Market Insights
- World Market Trajectories
- Global Economic Update
- Baby Movement Monitors - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2024 (E)
- Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2024 (E)
- 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
- 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
- Rising Awareness of Infant Health and Safety Drives Growth in Baby Movement Monitors Market
- Increasing Focus on SIDS Prevention Fuels Adoption of Baby Movement Monitoring Devices
- Here's How Advances in Wearable Technology Enhance Comfort and Accuracy of Baby Monitors
- Rising Popularity of Connected Devices Supports Use of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-Enabled Monitors
- Increasing Demand for User-Friendly, Non-Invasive Monitors Boosts Product Innovation
- Here's How Mobile App Integration Allows Parents Remote Access to Monitoring Data
- Focus on Reducing Parental Anxiety Drives Demand for Reliable and Safe Movement Monitors
- Growing Popularity of Portable and Wearable Monitors Enhances Accessibility for Parents
- Increasing Interest in Health Data Collection Supports Demand for Multi-Functional Monitors
- Focus on Eco-Friendly and Hypoallergenic Materials Supports Market for Safe Baby Monitors
- Rising Adoption of Baby Movement Monitors in NICUs Expands Applications in Healthcare
- 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
- TABLE 1: World Baby Movement Monitors Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2030
- TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 3: World Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 4: World 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- TABLE 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Under-the Mattress Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 6: World Historic Review for Under-the Mattress Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 7: World 16-Year Perspective for Under-the Mattress Monitors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- TABLE 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Diaper Attachment Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 9: World Historic Review for Diaper Attachment Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 10: World 16-Year Perspective for Diaper Attachment Monitors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- TABLE 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Smart Wearable Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 12: World Historic Review for Smart Wearable Monitors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 13: World 16-Year Perspective for Smart Wearable Monitors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 15: World Historic Review for Other Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 16: World 16-Year Perspective for Other Types by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
III. MARKET ANALYSIS
- UNITED STATES
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 17: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 18: USA Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 19: USA 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- CANADA
- TABLE 20: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 21: Canada Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 22: Canada 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- JAPAN
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 23: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 24: Japan Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 25: Japan 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- CHINA
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 26: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 27: China Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 28: China 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- EUROPE
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 29: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 30: Europe Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 31: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- TABLE 32: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 33: Europe Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 34: Europe 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- FRANCE
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 35: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 36: France Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 37: France 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- GERMANY
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 38: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 39: Germany Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 40: Germany 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- ITALY
- TABLE 41: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 42: Italy Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 43: Italy 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- UNITED KINGDOM
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 44: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 45: UK Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 46: UK 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- REST OF EUROPE
- TABLE 47: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 48: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 49: Rest of Europe 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- ASIA-PACIFIC
- Baby Movement Monitors Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2024 (E)
- TABLE 50: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 51: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 52: Asia-Pacific 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
- REST OF WORLD
- TABLE 53: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2023 through 2030 and % CAGR
- TABLE 54: Rest of World Historic Review for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2014 through 2022 and % CAGR
- TABLE 55: Rest of World 16-Year Perspective for Baby Movement Monitors by Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Under-the Mattress Monitors, Diaper Attachment Monitors, Smart Wearable Monitors and Other Types for the Years 2014, 2024 & 2030
IV. COMPETITION