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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1768564

全球塑胶和橡胶工业气体市场

Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry

出版日期: | 出版商: Global Industry Analysts, Inc. | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

到 2030 年,全球塑胶和橡胶气体市场规模将达到 72 亿美元

全球塑胶和橡胶产业气体市场规模预计在2024年为52亿美元,预计到2030年将达到72亿美元,2024年至2030年的复合年增长率为5.5%。氮气是本报告分析的细分市场之一,预计其复合年增长率为6.1%,到分析期结束时将达到34亿美元。一氧化碳细分市场在分析期间的复合年增长率估计为5.2%。

美国市场规模估计为 14 亿美元,中国市场预计复合年增长率为 8.2%

美国塑胶和橡胶工业气体市场规模预计在2024年达到14亿美元。预计到2030年,作为世界第二大经济体的中国市场规模将达到16亿美元,在2024-2030年的分析期间内,复合年增长率为8.2%。其他值得关注的区域市场包括日本和加拿大,预计在分析期间内,这两个市场的复合年增长率分别为3.3%和4.5%。在欧洲,预计德国市场的复合年增长率为4.1%。

全球塑胶和橡胶气体市场—主要趋势和驱动因素摘要

为什么工业气体对塑胶和橡胶工业很重要?

氮气、氧气和二氧化碳等工业气体在塑胶和橡胶产业中发挥着至关重要的作用,它们能够提高生产效率和产品品质。例如,氮气广泛用于射出成型工艺,以减少氧化并提高产品稳定性;而二氧化碳则用于发泡工艺,以生产轻质耐用的产品。氧气通常用于火焰处理,以提高塑胶表面在涂漆或涂层前的黏合性能。这些气体有助于优化生产过程,减少缺陷,并确保最终产品的一致性。随着塑胶和橡胶产业的持续扩张,预计製造过程中对工业气体的需求将会成长。

技术进步如何影响塑胶和橡胶工业气体市场?

技术进步显着提升了塑胶和橡胶产业工业气体的效率和应用。气体输送系统的创新,例如现场气体生成和低温气体技术,正在为製造商提供更可靠、更经济高效的解决方案。先进气体流量控制系统的整合可以实现更精确的气体计量,这在气体辅助射出成型和挤出等製程中尤其重要。此外,开发更环保的气体和生产技术符合产业永续性的趋势,有助于製造商减少碳排放并提高能源效率。这些进步使工业气体更加通用,对于优化塑胶和橡胶製造流程至关重要。

市场区隔如何定义塑胶和橡胶产业工业气体的成长?

气体类型包括氮气、二氧化碳、氧气和氢气,其中氮气占据市场主导地位,因为它广泛用于防止塑胶製造过程中的氧化。应用包括射出成型、挤出和发泡成型,其中射出成型占据最大市场占有率,因为氮气在减少废品和提高产品品质方面发挥关键作用。终端使用领域包括汽车、包装、消费品和医疗保健,其中汽车和包装行业的需求最大,因为这些行业对塑胶和橡胶零件的精度和品质要求很高。

哪些因素推动了塑胶和橡胶产业工业气体市场的成长?

塑胶和橡胶行业工业气体市场的成长受到多种因素的推动,例如对高品质塑胶和橡胶产品的需求不断增长、气体技术的进步以及对永续性的日益重视。随着汽车、包装和医疗保健等行业对塑胶和橡胶零件的精密度要求不断提高,对工业气体的需求也日益增长,以优化製造流程。改进气体输送和控制系统的技术创新正在进一步提高生产效率和产品一致性。此外,对永续製造方法的日益关注正在推动环保工业气体的采用,尤其是在环境法规严格的地区,这进一步促进了市场的成长。

部分

气体种类(氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、其他气体种类)

受访公司范例

  • Air Liquide SA
  • Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • Airgas Inc.
  • Messer Group
  • Novomer Inc.
  • Praxair Inc.
  • Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp.
  • The Linde Group
  • Universal Industrial Gases, Inc.
  • Yingde Gases Group Co., Ltd.

人工智慧集成

全球产业分析师正在利用可操作的专家内容和人工智慧工具改变市场和竞争情报。

Global 特定产业SLM 的典型规范,而是建立了一个从全球专家收集的内容库,其中包括视讯录影、部落格、搜寻引擎研究以及大量的公司、产品/服务和市场数据。

关税影响係数

全球产业分析师根据公司总部所在国家、製造地、进出口状况(成品和原始OEM)预测其竞争态势的变化。这种复杂且多面向的市场动态预计将以多种方式影响竞争对手,包括销货成本成本 (COGS) 上升、盈利下降、供应链重组以及其他微观和宏观市场动态。

目录

第一章调查方法

第二章执行摘要

  • 市场概览
  • 主要企业
  • 市场趋势和驱动因素
  • 全球市场展望

第三章市场分析

  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 日本
  • 中国
  • 欧洲
  • 法国
  • 德国
  • 义大利
  • 英国
  • 西班牙
  • 俄罗斯
  • 其他欧洲国家
  • 亚太地区
  • 澳洲
  • 印度
  • 韩国
  • 其他亚太地区
  • 拉丁美洲
  • 阿根廷
  • 巴西
  • 墨西哥
  • 其他拉丁美洲
  • 中东
  • 伊朗
  • 以色列
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
  • 其他中东地区
  • 非洲

第四章 竞赛

简介目录
Product Code: MCP22027

Global Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market to Reach US$7.2 Billion by 2030

The global market for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry estimated at US$5.2 Billion in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$7.2 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Nitrogen, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 6.1% CAGR and reach US$3.4 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Carbon Monoxide segment is estimated at 5.2% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$1.4 Billion While China is Forecast to Grow at 8.2% CAGR

The Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry market in the U.S. is estimated at US$1.4 Billion in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$1.6 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 8.2% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.3% and 4.5% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 4.1% CAGR.

Global Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market - Key Trends and Drivers Summarized

Why Are Industrial Gases Critical in the Plastic and Rubber Industry?

Industrial gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide play an essential role in the plastic and rubber industries, enhancing production efficiency and improving product quality. Nitrogen, for instance, is widely used in injection molding processes to reduce oxidation and improve product consistency, while carbon dioxide is utilized in foaming processes to create lightweight and durable products. Oxygen is often employed in flame treatment to enhance the adhesion properties of plastic surfaces before painting or coating. These gases help optimize production processes, reduce defects, and ensure consistency in the final products. As the plastic and rubber industries continue to expand, the demand for industrial gases as part of the manufacturing process is expected to grow.

How Are Technological Advancements Shaping the Industrial Gases Market for Plastic and Rubber Industries?

Technological advancements are significantly enhancing the efficiency and application of industrial gases in the plastic and rubber industries. Innovations in gas delivery systems, such as on-site gas generation and cryogenic gas technologies, are providing manufacturers with more reliable and cost-effective solutions. The integration of advanced gas flow control systems allows for more precise gas dosing, which is particularly important in processes like gas-assisted injection molding and extrusion. Additionally, the development of more environmentally friendly gases and greener production technologies is aligning with industry trends towards sustainability, helping manufacturers reduce their carbon footprint and improve energy efficiency. These advancements are making industrial gases more versatile and essential in optimizing plastic and rubber manufacturing processes.

How Do Market Segments Define the Growth of Industrial Gases in the Plastic and Rubber Industry?

Gas types include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen, with nitrogen leading the market due to its widespread use in preventing oxidation during plastic production. Applications include injection molding, extrusion, and foaming, with injection molding accounting for the largest market share as nitrogen plays a key role in reducing defects and enhancing product quality. End-use sectors include automotive, packaging, consumer goods, and healthcare, with the automotive and packaging industries driving the most significant demand as these sectors require high precision and quality in plastic and rubber components.

What Factors Are Driving the Growth in the Industrial Gases Market for Plastic and Rubber Industries?

The growth in the industrial gases market for plastic and rubber industries is driven by several factors, including the increasing demand for high-quality plastic and rubber products, advancements in gas technologies, and the growing emphasis on sustainability. As industries like automotive, packaging, and healthcare demand more precision in plastic and rubber components, the need for industrial gases to optimize manufacturing processes is increasing. Technological innovations that improve gas delivery and control systems are further enhancing production efficiency and product consistency. Additionally, the rising focus on sustainable manufacturing practices is driving the adoption of eco-friendly industrial gases, particularly in regions with stringent environmental regulations, further contributing to market growth.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Gas Type (Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Other Gas Types)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Russia; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific (Australia; India; South Korea; and Rest of Asia-Pacific); Latin America (Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; and Rest of Latin America); Middle East (Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; and Rest of Middle East); and Africa.

Select Competitors (Total 36 Featured) -

  • Air Liquide S.A.
  • Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • Airgas Inc.
  • Messer Group
  • Novomer Inc.
  • Praxair Inc.
  • Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp.
  • The Linde Group
  • Universal Industrial Gases, Inc.
  • Yingde Gases Group Co., Ltd.

AI INTEGRATIONS

We're transforming market and competitive intelligence with validated expert content and AI tools.

Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

Our new release incorporates impact of tariffs on geographical markets as we predict a shift in competitiveness of companies based on HQ country, manufacturing base, exports and imports (finished goods and OEM). This intricate and multifaceted market reality will impact competitors by increasing the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), reducing profitability, reconfiguring supply chains, amongst other micro and macro market dynamics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • Global Economic Update
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Growing Demand for High-Quality Plastics and Rubber Drives Use of Industrial Gases
    • Technological Innovations in Gas Applications Strengthen Business Case for Industrial Gases
    • Expanding Plastics and Rubber Manufacturing Sector Propels Market Growth
    • Rising Focus on Reducing Carbon Footprint Spurs Demand for Eco-Friendly Gases
    • Growth in Packaging and Automotive Industries Accelerates Use of Industrial Gases
    • Emerging Trends in Gas-Assisted Injection Molding Expands Market Opportunity
    • Increasing Adoption of Nitrogen and CO2 in Rubber Vulcanization Drives Demand
    • Focus on Enhancing Material Properties Propels Adoption of Industrial Gases
    • Advancements in Cryogenic Technology Strengthen Business Case for Gas Applications
    • Rising Pressure on Plastic Recycling Efforts Generates New Demand for Industrial Gases
    • Growth in Consumer Goods and Electronics Sectors Expands Demand for Gases in Plastics
    • Stringent Environmental Regulations on Emissions Propel Market for Clean Gases
    • Adoption of Gas Purging Technologies Expands Opportunities in Plastics and Rubber Processing
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 2: World Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Nitrogen by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 5: World Historic Review for Nitrogen by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World 15-Year Perspective for Nitrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 7: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Monoxide by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 8: World Historic Review for Carbon Monoxide by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon Monoxide by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Carbon Dioxide by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 11: World Historic Review for Carbon Dioxide by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon Dioxide by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 13: World Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2030
    • TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Gas Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World Historic Review for Other Gas Types by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 16: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Gas Types by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 17: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: USA Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: USA 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 20: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: Canada Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 22: Canada 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 23: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: Japan Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: Japan 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 26: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: China Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 28: China 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 29: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: Europe Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 32: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: Europe Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 35: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: France Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: France 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 38: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: Germany Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: Germany 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 41: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: Italy Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Italy 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 44: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: UK Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: UK 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 47: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: Spain Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: Spain 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 50: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Russia Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: Russia 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 53: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 56: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 59: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 62: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Australia Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Australia 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • INDIA
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 65: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: India Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: India 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 68: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: South Korea Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 71: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 74: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: Latin America Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 77: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: Latin America Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 80: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: Argentina Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 83: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: Brazil Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 86: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: Mexico Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 89: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 92: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Middle East Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 95: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Middle East Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 98: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Iran Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Iran 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 101: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Israel Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Israel 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 104: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 107: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: UAE Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: UAE 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 110: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 111: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 112: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AFRICA
    • Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 113: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 114: Africa Historic Review for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 115: Africa 15-Year Perspective for Industrial Gases for Plastic and Rubber Industry by Gas Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Other Gas Types for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION