汽车不銹钢管市场规模、份额、趋势分析报告：按类型、应用、地区、细分市场预测，2023-2030

汽车用不銹钢管市场成长及趋势：

Grand View Research, Inc.最新报告显示，预计2023年至2030年全球汽车不銹钢管市场规模将以4.5%的复合年增长率成长，2030年达到57.3亿美元。

预计不断增长的汽车产业将成为预测期内该市场的最大驱动因素。

市场根据类型无缝地分为焊接和焊接。高强度、抗碰撞衝击和高能量吸收能力等优点正在增加不銹钢管在汽车应用上的普及度。

2015年不銹钢焊接管在汽车产业已广泛应用。它们在汽车製造商中很受欢迎，因为它们在市场上很容易买到，而且比无缝管便宜。预计亚太地区将成为预测期内成长最快的地区。

无缝产品在汽车行业中发挥着重要作用，因为钢管暴露在极端的温度和压力下。这些应用于关键的汽车零件，例如燃油供应系统和变速箱。

汽车不銹钢管市场报告亮点：

• 到2022年，焊接不銹钢管将占据最大的销售份额，达到93.3%。焊接不銹钢管具有成本效益，因为它们很容易获得，并且可以在最短的等待时间内获得。
• 2022年和2023年至2030年，汽车用不銹钢管市场将由亚太地区主导，因为该地区是本田、现代汽车、塔塔汽车和丰田汽车等主要汽车製造商的所在地，预计将拥有最高的市场份额。复合年增长率为5.0%。
• 预计2022年欧洲将占超过22.8%的销售份额，由于德国、义大利和英国的汽车需求增加，欧洲将显着成长。

目录

第一章调查方法和范围

第 2 章执行摘要

第三章汽车不銹钢管市场变数、趋势与范围

• 市场体系展望
• 普及和成长前景图
• 价值链分析
• 法律规范
• 市场动态
  • 市场驱动因素分析
  • 市场抑制因素分析
  • 产业机会与挑战
• 汽车不銹钢管市场分析工具
  • 产业分析-波特五力分析
  • PESTEL分析

第四章供应商组合分析

• 供应商名单
• Kraljic Matrix
• 采购最佳实践
• 谈判策略

第五章 汽车不銹钢管：类型估算与趋势分析

• 汽车不銹钢管市场：重点
• 汽车不銹钢管市场：2022 年和 2030 年趋势和市场占有率分析
• 焊接管
• 无缝管

第六章汽车用不銹钢管：应用估算与趋势分析

• 汽车不銹钢管市场：重点
• 汽车不銹钢管市场：2022 年和 2030 年趋势和市场占有率分析
• 小客车
• 商用车
• 其他的

第七章汽车不銹钢管市场：区域估算及趋势分析

• 区域展望
• 按地区分類的汽车不銹钢管市场：要点
• 北美洲
  • 2018-2030 年市场估计与预测
  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
• 欧洲
  • 德国
  • 英国
  • 法国
  • 义大利
  • 西班牙
• 亚太地区
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韩国
  • 泰国
  • 印尼
  • 马来西亚
  • 澳洲
• 拉丁美洲
  • 巴西
  • 墨西哥
• 中东/非洲
  • 2018-2030 年市场估计与预测

第八章竞争形势

• 主要市场参与企业的最新趋势和影响分析
• 市场参与企业分类
  • Sandvik AB
  • NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION
  • ArcelorMittal
  • thyssenKrupp AG
  • TUBACEX SA
  • Handytube Corporation
  • Plymouth Tube Company
  • fischer Group of Companies
  • Maxim Tubes Company Pvt. Ltd.
  • JFE Steel Corporation
  • ChelPipe
  • Penn Stainless
  • Bri-Steel Manufacturing
  • Centravis

Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market Growth & Trends:

The global automotive stainless steel tube market size is expected to reach USD 5.73 billion by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2023 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Growing automotive industry is projected to be the biggest driver of this market over the forecast period.

The market is segmented on the basis of product into welded and seamless. Advantages such as high strength, resistance to shocks due to collisions and high energy absorption capacity have increased the popularity of stainless steel tube in automotive applications.

Welded stainless steel tube was widely used in the automotive industry in 2015. These are readily available in the market and are less expensive than the seamless tube, making them popular among automobile manufacturers. Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest-growing region over the forecast period.

In the automotive sector, where steel tubes are exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures, seamless products play an important role courtesy their high corrosion and heat resistant properties. These find applications in important automobile components such as fuel supply systems and gearboxes.

Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market Report Highlights:

• Welded stainless steel tube is accounted for the largest revenue share of 93.3% in 2022. These are more readily available, which results in the minimum waiting period, consequently, making them cost-effective.
• The automotive stainless steel tube market was dominated by Asia Pacific in 2022 and is projected to witness the highest CAGR of 5.0% from 2023 to 2030 owing to presence of major automobile manufacturers such as Honda, Hyundai, Tata Motors, and Toyota Motors in the region
• Europe accounted for a revenue share of over 22.8% in 2022 and is expected to witness considerable growth on account of growing vehicle demand in Germany, Italy, and U.K.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope

• 1.1. Market Segmentation & Scope
  • 1.1.1. Product
  • 1.1.2. Application
  • 1.1.3. Regional scope
  • 1.1.4. Estimates and forecast timeline
• 1.2. Research Methodology
• 1.3. Information Procurement
  • 1.3.1. Purchased database
  • 1.3.2. GVR's internal database
  • 1.3.3. Secondary sources
  • 1.3.4. Primary research
  • 1.3.5. Details of primary research
• 1.4. Information or Data Analysis
• 1.5. Market Formulation & Validation
• 1.6. Model Details
• 1.7. List of Secondary Sources
• 1.8. List of Primary Sources
• 1.9. Objectives

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

• 2.1. Market Outlook
• 2.2. Segment Outlook
  • 2.2.1. Product outlook
  • 2.2.2. Application outlook
  • 2.2.3. Regional outlook
• 2.3. Competitive Insights

Chapter 3. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market Variables, Trends & Scope

• 3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
• 3.2. Penetration & Growth Prospect Mapping
• 3.3. Value Chain Analysis
• 3.4. Regulatory Framework
• 3.5. Market Dynamics
  • 3.5.1. Market driver analysis
  • 3.5.2. Market restraint analysis
  • 3.5.3. Industry opportunities & challenges
• 3.6. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market Analysis Tools
  • 3.6.1. Industry Analysis - Porter's
    • 3.6.1.1. Supplier power
    • 3.6.1.2. Buyer power
    • 3.6.1.3. Substitution threat
    • 3.6.1.4. Threat of new entrant
    • 3.6.1.5. Competitive rivalry
  • 3.6.2. PESTEL Analysis
    • 3.6.2.1. Political landscape
    • 3.6.2.2. Technological landscape
    • 3.6.2.3. Economic landscape
    • 3.6.2.4. Social landscape
    • 3.6.2.5. Environmental landscape
    • 3.6.2.6. Legal landscape

Chapter 4. Supplier Portfolio Analysis

• 4.1. List of Suppliers
• 4.2. Kraljic Matrix
• 4.3. Sourcing Best Practices
• 4.4. Negotiation Strategies

Chapter 5. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube: Type Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 5.1. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market: Key Takeaways
• 5.2. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market: Movement & Market Share Analysis, 2022 & 2030
• 5.3. Welded Tube
  • 5.3.1. Welded tube market estimates and forecasts, 2018 to 2030 (Kilo tons, USD Million)
• 5.4. Seamless Tube
  • 5.4.1. Seamless tube market estimates and forecasts, 2018 to 2030 (Kilo tons, USD Million)

Chapter 6. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 6.1. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market: Key Takeaways
• 6.2. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market: Movement & Market Share Analysis, 2022 & 2030
• 6.3. Passenger Cars
  • 6.3.1. Passenger cars market estimates and forecasts, 2018 to 2030 (Kilo tons, USD Million)
• 6.4. Commercial Vehicles
  • 6.4.1. Commercial vehicles market estimates and forecasts, 2018 to 2030 (Kilo tons, USD Million)
• 6.5. Other Modes of Transportation
  • 6.5.1. Other modes of transportation market estimates and forecasts, 2018 to 2030 (Kilo tons, USD Million)

Chapter 7. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis

• 7.1. Regional Outlook
• 7.2. Automotive Stainless Steel Tube Market by Region: Key Takeaway
• 7.3. North America
  • 7.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.3.2. U.S.
    • 7.3.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.3.3. Canada
    • 7.3.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.3.4. Mexico
    • 7.3.4.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
• 7.4. Europe
  • 7.4.1. Germany
    • 7.4.1.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.4.2. UK
    • 7.4.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.4.3. France
    • 7.4.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.4.4. Italy
    • 7.4.4.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.4.5. Spain
    • 7.4.5.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
• 7.5. Asia Pacific
  • 7.5.1. China
    • 7.5.1.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.2. India
    • 7.5.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.3. Japan
    • 7.5.3.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.4. South Korea
    • 7.5.4.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.5. Thailand
    • 7.5.5.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.6. Indonesia
    • 7.5.6.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.7. Malaysia
    • 7.5.7.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.5.8. Australia
    • 7.5.8.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
• 7.6. Latin America
  • 7.6.1. Brazil
    • 7.6.1.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
  • 7.6.2. Mexico
    • 7.6.2.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)
• 7.7. MEA
  • 7.7.1. Market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Volume, Kilo Tons: Revenue, USD Million)

Chapter 8. Competitive Landscape

• 8.1. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis, By Key Market Participants
• 8.2. Market Participant Categorization
  • 8.2.1. Sandvik AB
    • 8.2.1.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.1.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.1.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.1.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.2. NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION
    • 8.2.2.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.2.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.2.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.2.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.3. ArcelorMittal
    • 8.2.3.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.3.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.3.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.3.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.4. thyssenKrupp AG
    • 8.2.4.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.4.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.4.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.4.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.5. TUBACEX S.A.
    • 8.2.5.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.5.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.5.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.5.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.6. Handytube Corporation
    • 8.2.6.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.6.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.6.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.6.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.7. Plymouth Tube Company
    • 8.2.7.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.7.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.7.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.7.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.8. fischer Group of Companies
    • 8.2.8.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.8.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.8.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.8.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.9. Maxim Tubes Company Pvt. Ltd.
    • 8.2.9.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.9.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.9.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.9.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.10. JFE Steel Corporation
    • 8.2.10.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.10.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.10.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.10.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.11. ChelPipe
    • 8.2.11.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.11.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.11.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.11.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.12. Penn Stainless
    • 8.2.12.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.12.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.12.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.12.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.13. Bri-Steel Manufacturing
    • 8.2.13.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.13.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.13.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.13.4. Strategic initiatives
  • 8.2.14. Centravis
    • 8.2.14.1. Company overview
    • 8.2.14.2. Financial performance
    • 8.2.14.3. Product benchmarking
    • 8.2.14.4. Strategic initiatives

List of Tables

• Table 1 List of Abbreviation
• Table 2 North America automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 3 North America automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 4 North America automotive stainless steel tube market, by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 5 U.S. automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 6 U.S. automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 7 Canada automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 8 Canada automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 9 Europe automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 10 Europe automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 11 Europe automotive stainless steel tube market, by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 12 Germany automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 13 Germany automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 14 UK automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 15 UK automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 16 France automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 17 France automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 18 Italy automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 19 Italy automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 20 Spain automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 21 Spain automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 22 Asia Pacific automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 23 Asia Pacific automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 24 Asia Pacific automotive stainless steel tube market, by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 25 China automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 26 China automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 27 India automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 28 India automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 29 Japan automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 30 Japan automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 31 South Korea automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 32 South Korea automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 33 Thailand automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 34 Thailand automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 35 Indonesia automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 36 Indonesia automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 37 Malaysia automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 38 Malaysia automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 39 Australia automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 40 Australia automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 41 Latin America automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 42 Latin America automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 43 Latin America automotive stainless steel tube market, by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 44 Brazil automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 45 Brazil automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 46 Mexico automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 47 Mexico automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 48 Middle East and Africa automotive stainless steel tube market, by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 49 Middle East and Africa automotive stainless steel tube market, by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)
• Table 50 Middle East and Africa automotive stainless steel tube market, by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kilo Tons, USD Million)

List of Figures

• Fig. 1 Market research process
• Fig. 2 Data triangulation techniques
• Fig. 3 Primary research pattern
• Fig. 4 Market research approaches
• Fig. 5 Value-chain-based sizing & forecasting
• Fig. 6 QFD modeling for market share assessment
• Fig. 7 Market formulation & validation
• Fig. 8 Automotive stainless steel tube: Market outlook
• Fig. 9 Automotive stainless steel tube: Competitive insights
• Fig. 10 Parent market outlook
• Fig. 11 Related/ancillary market outlook
• Fig. 12 Penetration and growth prospect mapping
• Fig. 13 Industry value chain analysis
• Fig. 14 Automotive stainless steel tube market driver impact
• Fig. 15 Automotive stainless steel tube market restraint impact
• Fig. 16 Automotive stainless steel tube market strategic initiatives analysis
• Fig. 17 Automotive stainless steel tube market: Product movement analysis
• Fig. 18 Automotive stainless steel tube market: Product outlook and key takeaways
• Fig. 19 Welded tube market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 20 Seamless tube market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 21 Automotive stainless steel tube market: Application movement analysis
• Fig. 22 Automotive stainless steel tube market: Application outlook and key takeaways
• Fig. 23 Passenger cars market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 24 Commercial vehicles market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 25 Other modes of transportation market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 26 Global automotive stainless steel tube market: Regional movement analysis
• Fig. 27 Global automotive stainless steel tube market: Regional outlook and key takeaways
• Fig. 28 North America market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 29 U.S. market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 30 Canada market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 31 Europe market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 32 Germany market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 33 UK market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 34 France market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 35 Italy market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 36 Spain market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 37 Asia Pacific market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 38 China market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 39 India market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 40 Japan market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 41 South Korea market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 42 Thailand market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 43 Indonesia market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 44 Malaysia market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 45 Australia market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 46 Latin America market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 47 Brazil market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 48 Mexico market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030
• Fig. 49 Middle East & Africa market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030