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高三酸甘油脂血症 (HTG) 的全球市场管道Global Hypertriglyceridemia Market Pipeline |
高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)是一种以血液中三酸甘油酯含量高为特征的疾病。三酸甘油酯是脂肪的一种,从饮食中获取并由身体产生。三酸甘油酯水平升高会使您面临心臟病和中风等心血管疾病的风险。
此外,高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)与肥胖、不受控制的糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退、肝臟和肾臟疾病以及某些遗传性疾病有关。高脂肪饮食、过度饮酒和缺乏运动等生活习惯会增加三酸甘油酯水平。治疗包括饮食改变、体重管理、规律运动和必要时药物治疗。
全球高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)市场的关键成长因素
高三酸甘油酯血症 (HTG) 可以透过改变生活方式来控制,例如减少脂肪和碳水化合物的摄取、限制饮酒、戒烟和定期运动。
此外,他汀类药物和贝特类药物等治疗方法已被用来降低三酸甘油酯(TG)水平。目前,治疗高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)的主要药物是他汀类药物和贝特类药物。然而,有些患者可能不适合这些治疗或可能对这些治疗没有反应。
为了弥补这一差距,各公司正在努力开发新的治疗方法,旨在更有效地降低血液中的三酸甘油酯并减轻高三酸甘油酯血症 (HTG) 的影响。特别是,针对载脂蛋白 C-III 和 ANGPTL 的方法已被广泛探索。
同时,基于载脂蛋白C-III的新药也显示出可喜的结果,预计将在不久的将来上市。这种创新疗法的推出有可能显着推进 HTG 管理,并为对目前治疗有抗药性的患者提供更好的选择。
全球高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)市场的主要成长限制因素
高三酸甘油脂血症治疗药物和产品的开发在早期和后期的临床试验中失败率很高。
同时,Pfizer和 Ionis 最近停止了其 III 期药物 Vaupanorsen,因为 II 期结果不足以证明继续临床开发计划的合理性。
同样,其他製药公司儘管早期结果令人鼓舞,但在后期临床试验中却面临重大挫折。
新药开发过程中的任何阶段都可能失败。早期临床试验的结果不一定代表后期临床试验的结果,根据患者群的不同,后期临床试验的结果可能会大不相同。因此,新兴疗法的这些挫折是市场成长的主要障碍。
高三酸甘油脂血症 (HTG) | 疾病概述
高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)的病因可分为遗传性疾病(原发性疾病)和其他疾病引起的继发性疾病。
脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL) 缺乏症和载脂蛋白(Apo) C-II 缺乏症是两种独特的遗传性疾病,在婴儿期表现为乳糜微粒血症综合征,并导致儿童期高三酸甘油酯血症。在成人中,空腹浓度极高的乳糜微粒、极低密度脂蛋白 (VLDL) 碎片通常表示有严重的 HTG。
HTG 最常见的继发性原因包括肥胖、未经治疗的糖尿病、饮酒、怀孕和各种药物治疗。许多这些次要原因与胰岛素反应异常有关。
高三酸甘油脂血症(HTG)透过空腹血脂检查来诊断。根据National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III(NCEP ATP III)指南,HTG 可以是轻度(150-199 mg/dL)、高(200-499 mg/dL) 或非常高(>=500 mg/dL) 。
当三酸甘油酯高于 400 mg/dL 时,通常使用 Friedewald 公式估算 LDL-C 值,但这可能会低估 LDL-C。或者,可以考虑直接测量非 HDL-C(总胆固醇减去 HDL 胆固醇)或 LDL-C。
评估 LDL 大小和密度不被认为有利于 HTG 心血管事件的管理。ApoB 和 Lp(a) 水准有助于评估心血管风险。治疗方法包括有效降低 Apo B 水平,烟碱酸和雌激素可以降低 Lp(a)。然而,没有确切的证据显示降低 Lp(a) 可以预防动脉粥状硬化性心血管疾病。
Lp(a) 水平升高与早发性心血管疾病相关,高 Lp(a) 水平证明积极的 LDL 管理是合理的。由于胰岛素阻抗,肝脂肪变性或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 常与高血压并存。肝功能测试中转氨酶升高建议进一步评估,包括肝臟超音波检查。
全球高三酸甘油脂血症 (HTG) 市场的主要参与者
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常见问题(FAQ):
答:是的,儿童有可能患有高三酸甘油脂血症 (HTG)。高三酸甘油脂血症 (HTG) 可能会发生,特别是如果您有血脂异常家族史、久坐的生活方式或不健康的饮食。早期发现和介入对于预防长期健康併发症非常重要。
答:不,虽然它们是相关的,但高三酸甘油酯血症特指血液中三酸甘油酯水平升高。高胆固醇血症是指LDL(低密度脂蛋白)胆固醇含量过高,俗称坏胆固醇,也是心血管疾病的危险因子。
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a condition marked by high triglyceride levels in the blood. Triglycerides, a type of fat, are sourced from dietary intake and produced by the body. Elevated triglyceride levels pose risks for cardiovascular diseases like heart disease and stroke.
Additionally, hypertriglyceridemia correlates with obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, hypothyroidism, liver or kidney disease, and specific genetic disorders. Lifestyle factors such as high-fat diets, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity can elevate triglycerides. Treatment includes dietary changes, weight management, regular exercise, and medication as necessary.
Key growth enablers of the global hypertriglyceridemia market:
Hypertriglyceridemia can be managed through lifestyle changes such as reducing fat and carbohydrate intake, limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, and regular exercise.
Moreover, therapeutic approaches such as statins and fibrates are employed to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels. Currently, statins and fibrates represent the main pharmacological therapies for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). However, certain patients may be ineligible for or may not respond to these treatments.
To address this gap, companies are developing new therapeutic approaches aimed at more effectively reducing triglycerides in the bloodstream and mitigating the impact of HTG. Notably, approaches targeting apolipoprotein C-III and ANGPTL are being extensively explored.
In parallel, emerging drugs based on apolipoprotein C-III have shown promising results and are expected to reach the market in the near future. The anticipated launch of these innovative treatments could significantly advance HTG management, providing improved options for patients resistant to current therapies.
Key growth restraining factors of the global hypertriglyceridemia market:
Drug and product development for HTG is facing a high rate of clinical trial failures, occurring in the early phases and the later stages of development.
In line with this, Pfizer and Ionis recently discontinued the Phase III drug Vupanorsen after Phase II results did not justify continuing the clinical development program.
Similarly, other pharmaceutical companies have faced significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials, even after promising outcomes in earlier stages.
Failures can arise at any stage during the development of emerging drugs. Initial clinical trial outcomes are not always indicative of later-stage results, and they can vary significantly across different patient cohorts. Hence, these setbacks with emerging therapies represent a significant barrier to market growth.
Hypertriglyceridemia | Disease Overview
The causes of hypertriglyceridemia can be divided into genetically based disorders (primary disorders) and secondary disorders caused by other conditions.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency and Apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II deficiency are two well-characterized genetic forms of HTG occurring in infancy as chylomicronemia syndromes, leading to early childhood HTG. In adults, severe HTG is often indicated by extremely high fasting levels of chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and remnants.
Among the most common secondary causes of HTG are obesity, untreated diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, pregnancy, and various medications. Many of these secondary causes are associated with abnormalities in insulin responsiveness.
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is diagnosed via a fasting lipid panel. As per the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines, HTG is classified based on triglyceride levels: mild (150-199 mg/dL), high (200-499 mg/dL), and very high (>=500 mg/dL).
When triglycerides exceed 400 mg/dL, LDL-C levels are often estimated using the Friedewald equation, which may underestimate LDL-C. Alternatively, non-HDL-C (total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol) or direct LDL-C measurement can be considered.
Assessing LDL size or density is not considered beneficial for managing cardiovascular events in HTG. Apo B and Lp(a) levels may assist in assessing cardiovascular risk. Therapeutic options include effectively lowering Apo B levels, while niacin and estrogen may reduce Lp(a). However, evidence does not conclusively support that reducing Lp(a) prevents atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
High Lp(a) levels correlate with premature cardiovascular disease, warranting aggressive LDL management when Lp(a) levels are elevated. Hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) often coexists with HTG due to insulin resistance. Elevated aminotransferases in liver function tests suggest further evaluation, including liver ultrasound.
Major players in the global hypertriglyceridemia market:
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc (Arrowhead) is a biotechnology company specializing in the development and commercialization of gene silencing therapeutics. The company employs RNA chemistries and its proprietary TRiM platform to target and silence genes that cause diseases. Arrowhead's product pipeline includes ARO-AAT, GSK4532990, ARO-ANG3, ARO-APOC3, ARO-PNPLA3, ARO-C3, ARO-ENaC2, ARO-MUC5AC, ARO-RAGE, ARO-COV, ARO-DUX4, ARO-MMP7, JNJ-3989, ARO-SOD1, HZN-457, and Olpasiran. These therapeutics address various conditions, including hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, complement-mediated diseases, and muco-obstructive or inflammatory pulmonary conditions. They also target liver disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, gout, cardiovascular disease, and chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, Arrowhead operates laboratory facilities in San Diego, California, and Madison, Wisconsin, with its headquarters located in Pasadena, California, United States.
The company is developing Plozasiran, a drug designed to reduce the production of Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III). ApoC-III is a key component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) such as VLDL and chylomicrons, and it is fundamental in regulating triglyceride metabolism. The company anticipates that reducing hepatic production of apoC-III could potentially decrease VLDL synthesis and assembly, enhance the breakdown of TRLs, and improve the clearance of VLDL and chylomicron remnants. Plozasiran is presently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for treating severe hypertriglyceridemia.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
A: Yes, children can also develop hypertriglyceridemia, especially if they have a family history of lipid disorders or if they lead sedentary lifestyles and consume unhealthy diets. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent long-term health complications.
A: No, while related, hypertriglyceridemia specifically denotes elevated levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream. High cholesterol typically refers to elevated levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, commonly known as bad cholesterol, which also poses a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.