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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1834145

区域供热和製冷市场（按能源来源、系统类型、温度水平、网路配置、最终用户和应用）- 全球预测，2025-2032

District Heating & Cooling Market by Energy Source, System Type, Temperature Level, Network Configuration, End User, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: 360iResearch | 英文 189 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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预计到 2032 年，区域供热和製冷市场规模将成长至 4,044 亿美元，复合年增长率为 5.86%。

主要市场统计数据
基准年2024年 2562.7亿美元
预计2025年 2710.6亿美元
预测年份：2032年 4044亿美元
复合年增长率（%） 5.86%

定义现代区域供热和製冷系统和投资决策的战略重点和行业动态的简明框架。

区域供热製冷产业正处于能源转型、城市韧性和基础设施现代化的十字路口。快速的都市化、新建筑的脱碳需求以及人们对循环供热解决方案日益增长的兴趣，使得综合热力管网对城市规划者、公用事业公司和大型能源消费者而言具有日益重要的战略意义。随着相关人员寻求可靠且经济高效的供热脱碳方法，区域供热系统不仅作为集中式能源服务，而且作为分散式技术、废热回收和多部门整合的平台，越来越受到重视。

本引言透过综合技术趋势、监管驱动因素、供应链动态和用户端采用模式，建构了本文提出的执行分析架构。它揭示了系统结构和能源来源如何与法规环境和最终用户需求相互作用，从而推动差异化投资和营运成果。它还概述了报告中使用的关键分析视角，以帮助读者理解策略建议和区域评估背后的原则。本部分着重于切实可行的见解而非推测性预测，使读者能够评估跨不同城市和产业的部署、维修和互通性的实际机会。

新的监管、技术和商业力量正在重塑整个区域供热和製冷生态系统的系统结构和采购方法。

在政策目标、技术创新和相关人员不断变化的期望的推动下，区域供热和製冷格局正在发生重大变化。脱碳指令和净零承诺将供热系统置于气候行动的前沿，迫使营运商优先考虑低碳热源、电气化路径和混合配置。同时，热泵效率、热储存和数位控制系统的进步正在扩展可行的系统设计范围，并降低低温网路的营运成本。

同时，市场参与企业正在重新调整其采购和投资策略，以应对不断变化的供应链和资本配置优先顺序。分散式能源和工业製程热能回收正在更有系统的整合，使城市和园区能够推行循环热能模式。这些变化，加上对弹性和灵活性日益增长的需求，正在推动模组化计划设计和分阶段部​​署方法的发展。因此，相关人员必须协调近期营运需求与长期脱碳目标，以便从现有资产和新兴技术中获取价值。

不断变化的美国关税政策将如何改变区域供热和製冷计划的采购经济、供应链弹性和战略采购

美国预期的关税政策和贸易行动将透过设备成本、零件供应和供应链多元化策略影响区域供热和製冷。进口热交换设备、特种泵浦和热泵零件的关税往往会增加新计画和维修的短期资本支出，促使采购团队考虑替代采购、本地製造伙伴关係或技术替代。为此，一些开发商在关税调整前提前采购零件，同时调整计划进度，以利用国内製造业奖励以及适用的关税豁免。

除了直接成本影响外，累积关税措施还能提升供应链弹性的策略价值。计划发起方可能会优先考虑供应商资格确认、库存对冲和模组化设计，以便在关税环境变化时进行渐进式升级。此外，关税可能会改变竞争动态，使本地生产的设备相对更具吸引力，从而鼓励对本地製造能力和售后服务的投资。最终，关税引发的摩擦不仅会影响采购成本，还会影响进度、资金筹措结构以及开发商、EPC合作伙伴和设备製造商之间的合约风险分配。

细分主导的深入洞察能源来源、系统结构、网路设计、最终用户配置和应用类型如何决定计划成果和技术选择

精细的细分视角揭示了按能源来源、系统配置、温度制度、网路设计、最终用户概况和应用分類的技术采用和服务交付的差异化路径。在考虑能源来源时，相关人员必须评估生物质选项，例如原木、颗粒和木屑，以及化石能源选项，包括拥有传统基础设施的煤炭（例如无烟煤和烟煤）、地热和热液系统，以及石油（例如天然气、馏分油和重质燃料油）。太阳能热利用的部署取决于真空管和平板集热器之间的硬体选择，而废热策略则区分了综合汽电共生和工业热回收应用。

采用锅炉房和热电联产配置的集中式解决方案可实现规模经济和集中运营，而采用热泵和微型发电的分散式方法则可实现局部控制和分阶段部​​署。需要考虑温度水平（高、中、低）以及网路损耗、管道材料以及与热泵增强的兼容性。确定双管、三管、单管和四管架构之间的网路配置会影响营运复杂性和多温度供给能力。饭店、办公和零售等商业领域优先考虑服务连续性和租户舒适度；化工、食品加工和纸浆造纸等工业领域需要可靠的工艺供热和高温能力；教育、政府和医疗保健等机构部门强调弹性和法规遵从性；住宅领域优先考虑经济实惠和连接便捷性。混合用途、冷气、生活热水和空间加热领域内的应用差异决定了设备的选择，无论混合用途采用吸收式还是电动式製冷技术，或者製冷需求是否倾向于冷冻水或直接膨胀系统。将这种细分纳入计划级决策，可使相关人员能够根据每个部署的独特热特性和服务期望调整技术规范、合约安排和资金筹措结构。

区域比较评估强调了不同的管理体制、基础设施成熟度和资源禀赋如何影响世界各地的采用路径

区域动态导緻美洲、中东和非洲以及亚太地区在法律规范、燃料供应和部署优先顺序方面存在显着差异。在美洲，城市重建计划和市政脱碳计画正推动人们对结合热泵、废热回收和热电联产的混合区域系统产生兴趣。资金筹措结构正趋向于官民合作关係和公用事业主导模式，这促使计划开发商考虑跨辖区合作，以扩大网路投资规模，同时应对政治和授权的复杂问题。

在欧洲、中东和非洲，监管动力和气候变迁承诺正在形成强有力的政策推动，推动低碳供暖，尤其强调电气化、地热潜力以及工业区域的系统性废热回收。补贴奖励措施和严格的建筑规范正在加速人口密集城市中心的维修活动，而中东部分地区则倾向于在水资源匮乏或需要高温的市场中采用混合解决方案和热驱动製冷。在亚太地区，快速的都市化和工业扩张为大规模区域系统和工业热回收创造了大量机会，其应用模式多种多样，从大城市的高度集中式网络到小都市区和城郊地区的分散式模组化方法。供应链本地化、国内製造政策以及各国不同的监管成熟度将影响计划时间表和技术堆迭的选择。

对参与者的角色和能力进行策略概述，决定区域系统中的采购结果、营运弹性和长期伙伴关係价值。

产业参与者涵盖全球工程公司、专业设备製造商、电力公司、技术供应商和计划开发商，各自在采购、整合和长期营运方面拥有关键的差异化能力。同时，专业製造商专注于提高热交换器、泵浦和热泵相关利益者的效率，从而显着降低生命週期营业成本。公共产业和本地营运商在服务合约、客户获取和定价方面拥有丰富的经验，并且经常充当多利益相关方计划的推动者，将市政目标与私人资本相结合。

随着数位化提升资产利用率和客户帐单准确性，专注于数位控制系统、先进计量和预测性维护的技术供应商正成为日益重要的合作伙伴。同时，在波动的电价环境下，或复杂的维修需要密切的技术协作时，拥有本地製造地的零件供应商可以提供具有竞争力的前置作业时间和详尽的售后支援。这些参与者类型之间的策略联盟，将资本提供者、系统整合商和设备专家连接起来，通常决定了计划的融资能力和营运弹性，而将绩效风险分配给经验丰富的营运商的合约结构往往会带来更顺畅的试运行和生命週期结果。

为高阶主管提供行动导向的指导，以加强供应链、加速数位化营运并调整商业模式，从而提供有弹性的低碳区域供热和製冷计划。

产业领导者应优先投资于供应链弹性、模组化设计和数位化运营，以确保计划进度并提高营运效率。早期供应商参与和多源采购策略可降低电价引发的成本上升和生产瓶颈的风险，而模组化电厂组件则可随着技术发展实现分阶段部署和简化升级。同时，营运商应加快采用数位化控制层和远端监控，以优化季节性运营，实现需求面灵活性，并减少维护相关的停机时间。这些措施将使系统能够以最小的干扰整合更多低碳热源。

相关人员还应重新评估其合约方式，以更好地分配风险并奖励绩效。基于绩效的合约和能源服务协议将奖励与供热或效率指标挂钩，可以协调业主、营运商和技术供应商之间的奖励。在可行的情况下，寻求将本地製造优势与工程专业知识相结合的伙伴关係，以缩短前置作业时间并支援售后服务。最后，政策参与和积极参与标准制定机构，有助于确保法律规范与技术能力同步发展，并实现可扩展的部署，同时保障消费者的可负担性和系统的互通性。

结合相关人员访谈、技术文献检验和情境测试的强大混合调查方法确保了可操作且可辩护的策略结论

调查方法整合了初步访谈、技术文献检验和跨学科案例分析，以产生基于证据的策略洞察。初步研究包括对相关人员的结构化访谈，包括系统运营商、设备製造商、工程承包商、市政规划人员和工业能源经理，从而对与承包、安装和长期运营相关的现实挑战进行三角测量。二次研究结合了专家技术研究、政府监管文件、标准出版物和供应商技术规范，以检验技术性能声明并确定政策驱动因素。

基于情境的敏感度分析也检验了采购和关税结果将如何影响计划进度和供应链选择。调查方法强调定性综合而非推测性定量预测，并重点关注可复製的经验教训、技术就绪考量以及已在多个司法管辖区证明有效的合约结构。这种混合方法支持得出可直接应用于规划、采购和营运决策的可靠结论。

简洁的策略结论强调灵活性、供应链弹性以及透过区域供热系统加速脱碳的基于绩效的方法

摘要，区域供热和製冷正在从利基集中式基础设施转型为灵活、脱碳的服务平台，该平台能够整合多种热源，并发挥韧性优势。热泵、热储存和数位控制的进步，以及废热和可再生能源的策略整合，使得集中式和分散式部署模式能够满足城市和产业的多样化需求。同时，政策变化和筹资策略持续影响区域供热和製冷的采用速度和形式，供应链和电价动态将对计划经济效益和进度产生重大（儘管是暂时的）影响。

决策者应优先考虑供应链多元化、模组化计划架构和绩效驱动的合约模式，以管理不确定性并加速实现脱碳目标。注重营运灵活性和策略伙伴关係关係，使相关人员能够协调短期实施约束与长期气候变迁和韧性目标。

目录

第一章：前言

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章 市场概况

第五章 市场洞察

  • 将地热能和太阳能等再生能源来源纳入区域供热网络
  • 部署智慧电錶和物联网技术，实现区域供热的即时监控和网路优化
  • 实施大规模工业製程热能回收，以减少城市供热系统的燃料消费量
  • 在冷却网路中增加使用生质能源和垃圾焚化发电工厂的低碳热能发电
  • 在现有供热网路中扩大氢混合计划，以减少碳排放并提高灵活性
  • 开发季节性热能储存解决方案，以平衡整个供暖和製冷季节的供需
  • 数位双胞胎的出现，用于区域供热和製冷基础设施的预测性维护和性能优化
  • 扩大官民合作关係关係，为老化的区域能源网提供资金并加速其现代化
  • 日益关注鼓励低温区域供热融入建筑能源系统的法规结构
  • 提高热电联产厂的效率可以提高能源供应商的投资收益

第六章：2025年美国关税的累积影响

第七章：人工智慧的累积影响，2025年

第 8 章 区域供热和冷冻市场（依能源来源）

  • 生物质
    • 纪录
    • 颗粒
    • 木屑
  • 煤炭
    • 无烟煤
    • 沥青
  • 地热
    • 地热
    • 热液
  • 天然气
  • 油
    • 蒸馏油
    • 重质燃料油
  • 太阳的
    • 真空管
    • 平板
  • 废热
    • 汽电共生
    • 工业热回收

9. 依系统类型分類的区域供热和冷冻市场

  • 集中
    • 锅炉厂
    • 热电联产
  • 去中心化
    • 热泵
    • 微型发电

第 10 章 依温度等级分類的区域供热与冷气市场

  • 高温
  • 低温
  • 中等温度

第 11 章 区域供热和冷冻市场（依网路配置）

  • 4根管道
  • 1根管道
  • 三根管道
  • 两根管道

第 12 章 区域供热和冷冻市场（依最终用户划分）

  • 商业
    • 饭店业
    • 办公室
    • 零售
  • 工业
    • 化学品
    • 食品加工
    • 纸浆和造纸
  • 机构
    • 教育
    • 政府
    • 卫生保健
  • 住房

第十三章区域供热和製冷市场（按应用）

  • 复杂类型
    • 吸收式製冷
    • 电冷却
  • 冷却
    • 冷水
    • 直接扩张
  • 热水供应
  • 加热

第十四章区域供热和製冷市场：按地区

  • 美洲
    • 北美洲
    • 拉丁美洲
  • 欧洲、中东和非洲
    • 欧洲
    • 中东
    • 非洲
  • 亚太地区

第十五章 区域供热和製冷市场（按类别）

  • ASEAN
  • GCC
  • EU
  • BRICS
  • G7
  • NATO

第十六章 各国区域供热和冷冻市场

  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
  • 巴西
  • 英国
  • 德国
  • 法国
  • 俄罗斯
  • 义大利
  • 西班牙
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳洲
  • 韩国

第十七章竞争格局

  • 2024年市占率分析
  • 2024年FPNV定位矩阵
  • 竞争分析
    • ADC Energy Systems LLC
    • Alfa Laval AB
    • Danfoss A/S
    • DC Pro Engineering LLC
    • Emicool LLC
    • Emirates Central Cooling System Corporation
    • Engie SA
    • Enwave Energy Corporation
    • Fortum Corporation
    • FVB Energy Inc.
    • Goteborg Energi AB
    • Helen Oy
    • KELAG Enegie & Warme GmbH
    • Keppel Corporation Limited
    • Korea District Heating Corporation
    • LOGSTOR Denmark Holding ApS
    • National Central Cooling Company PJSC
    • NRG Energy, Inc.
    • Orsted A/S
    • Qatar District Cooling Company QCSC
    • Ramboll Group A/S
    • Shinryo Corporation
    • Siemens AG
    • Vicinity Energy
    • ABB Group
    • Mitsubishi Corporation
Product Code: MRR-4348D129FA3E

The District Heating & Cooling Market is projected to grow by USD 404.40 billion at a CAGR of 5.86% by 2032.

KEY MARKET STATISTICS
Base Year [2024] USD 256.27 billion
Estimated Year [2025] USD 271.06 billion
Forecast Year [2032] USD 404.40 billion
CAGR (%) 5.86%

Concise framing of strategic priorities and sector dynamics that define modern district heating and cooling systems and investment decision frameworks

The district heating and cooling sector stands at the intersection of energy transition, urban resilience, and infrastructure modernization. Rapid urbanization, new building decarbonization mandates, and rising interest in circular heat solutions have elevated the strategic importance of integrated heat networks for city planners, utilities, and large-scale energy consumers. As stakeholders seek reliable and cost-effective ways to decarbonize thermal demand, district systems are increasingly evaluated not only as centralized energy services but also as platforms for distributed technologies, waste-heat recovery, and multi-vector integration.

This introduction frames the executive analysis presented here by synthesizing technological trends, regulatory drivers, supply chain dynamics, and user-side adoption patterns. It clarifies how system architectures and energy sources interact with regulatory environments and end-user needs to create differentiated investment and operational outcomes. The overview also outlines the primary analytical lenses used throughout this report, ensuring readers understand the rationale behind strategic recommendations and regional assessments. By focusing on implementable insight rather than speculative projections, this section positions the reader to assess practical opportunities for deployment, retrofit, and interoperability across diverse urban and industrial contexts.

Emerging regulatory, technological, and commercial forces reshaping system architectures and procurement approaches across district heating and cooling ecosystems

The landscape for district heating and cooling is undergoing transformative shifts driven by policy ambition, technological innovation, and shifting stakeholder expectations. Decarbonization mandates and net-zero commitments have moved thermal systems into the front lines of climate action, compelling operators to prioritize low-carbon heat sources, electrification pathways, and hybrid configurations. Concurrently, advances in heat-pump efficiency, thermal storage, and digital control systems are expanding the feasible range of system designs and lowering the operational cost of low-temperature networks.

At the same time, market participants are recalibrating procurement and investment strategies in response to evolving supply chains and capital allocation priorities. Distributed energy resources and heat recovery from industrial processes are being integrated more systematically, enabling cities and campuses to pursue circular heat models. These changes, coupled with rising demand for resilience and flexibility, are encouraging modular project design and staged implementation approaches. As a result, stakeholders must reconcile short-term operational imperatives with long-term decarbonization goals to capture value from both existing assets and emergent technologies.

How evolving United States tariff policies alter procurement economics, supply chain resilience, and strategic sourcing for district heating and cooling projects

Anticipated tariff policies and trade measures in the United States influence district heating and cooling via equipment costs, component availability, and supply chain diversification strategies. Tariffs on imported heat-exchange equipment, specialized pumps, and heat-pump components tend to increase short-term capital expenditure for new projects and retrofits, prompting procurement teams to explore alternative sourcing, local manufacturing partnerships, or technology substitutions. In response, some developers accelerate component procurement ahead of tariff changes while others re-phase projects to leverage domestic production incentives or tariff exemptions where eligible.

Beyond direct cost implications, cumulative tariff actions increase the strategic value of supply chain resilience. Project sponsors are likely to place higher priority on supplier qualification, inventory hedging, and modular designs that permit phased upgrades as tariff environments evolve. Moreover, tariffs can shift competitive dynamics by making locally produced equipment relatively more attractive, which in turn encourages investment in regional manufacturing capabilities and aftermarket services. Ultimately, tariff-driven friction affects not only procurement costs but also timelines, financing structures, and contractual risk allocation between developers, EPC partners, and equipment manufacturers.

Deep segmentation-driven insight into how energy sources, system architectures, network designs, end-user profiles, and application types determine project outcomes and technology choices

A granular segmentation lens reveals differentiated pathways for technology adoption and service delivery across energy sources, system configurations, temperature regimes, network design, end-user profiles, and applications. When considering energy sources, stakeholders must evaluate biomass options-such as logs, pellets, and wood chips-alongside coal variants like anthracite and bituminous where legacy infrastructure remains, geothermal choices that span ground source and hydrothermal systems, and fossil-based options including natural gas and oil types such as distillate and heavy fuel oil. Solar thermal deployments rely on hardware choices between evacuated tube and flat plate collectors, while waste heat strategies differentiate cogeneration integration from industrial heat recovery applications.

System type is another critical determinant of planning decisions, with centralized solutions characterized by boiler plants and combined heat and power configurations offering economies of scale and centralized operations, and decentralized approaches using heat pumps and microgeneration enabling localized control and incremental rollout. Temperature level considerations-high, medium, and low-shape network losses, piping materials, and suitability for heat-pump augmentation. Network configuration decisions between two-pipe, three-pipe, single-pipe, and four-pipe architectures influence complexity of operation and capacity for multi-temperature delivery. End users exhibit distinct requirements: commercial segments such as hospitality, offices, and retail prioritize service continuity and tenant comfort; industrial customers in chemicals, food processing, and pulp and paper demand reliable process heat and high-temperature capabilities; institutional settings covering education, government, and healthcare focus on resilience and regulatory compliance; and residential deployments prioritize affordability and ease of connection. Application differentiation across combined uses, cooling, domestic hot water, and space heating drives equipment selection, whether combined applications leverage absorption or electric cooling technologies or whether cooling requirements favor chilled water or direct expansion systems. Integrating this segmentation into project-level decision making enables stakeholders to align technical specifications, contractual arrangements, and financing structures with the unique thermal profile and service expectations of each deployment context.

Comparative regional assessment highlighting how distinct regulatory regimes, infrastructure maturity, and resource endowments shape deployment pathways across global regions

Regional dynamics create material differences in regulatory frameworks, fuel availability, and deployment priorities across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific. In the Americas, urban renewal projects and municipal decarbonization plans have increased interest in hybrid district systems that combine heat pumps, waste-heat recovery, and CHP where favorable. Financing structures tend to emphasize public-private partnerships and utility-led models, and project developers increasingly consider cross-jurisdictional collaboration to scale network investments while managing political and permitting complexity.

In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory drivers and climate commitments shape a strong policy impetus toward low-carbon heat, with particular emphasis on electrification, geothermal potential, and systematic waste heat capture in industrial corridors. Incentive schemes and stringent building codes accelerate retrofit activity in dense urban centers, while water-scarce or high-temperature-need markets in parts of the Middle East favor hybrid solutions and heat-driven cooling. In the Asia-Pacific region, rapid urbanization and industrial expansion create abundant opportunities for large-scale district systems and industrial heat recovery, with diverse adoption profiles ranging from highly centralized networks in major cities to decentralized, modular approaches in smaller urban and peri-urban settings. Supply chain localization, domestic manufacturing policies, and varying regulatory maturity across nations influence project timelines and the selection of technology stacks.

Strategic overview of participant roles and capabilities that determine procurement outcomes, operational resilience, and long-term partnership value in district systems

Industry participants span global engineering firms, specialist equipment manufacturers, utilities, technology providers, and project developers, each bringing differentiated capabilities that matter for procurement, integration, and long-term operations. Large engineering and construction companies offer integrated delivery capabilities and experience with complex central plant design, enabling full-scope builds from feasibility to commissioning, while specialist manufacturers focus on efficiency improvements in heat exchangers, pumps, and heat-pump technology that can materially lower lifecycle operating costs. Utilities and district operators provide critical experience in service contracting, customer acquisition, and tariff setting, and they often act as conveners for multi-stakeholder projects that combine municipal goals with private capital.

Technology providers that specialize in digital control systems, advanced metering, and predictive maintenance are increasingly important partners, as digitalization improves asset utilization and customer billing accuracy. Meanwhile, component suppliers with regional manufacturing footprints can offer competitive lead times and tailored after-sale support, which matters in tariff-volatile environments and when complex retrofits require close technical collaboration. Strategic alliances across these participant types-linking capital providers, system integrators, and equipment specialists-frequently determine project bankability and operational resilience, and contract structures that allocate performance risk to experienced operators tend to yield smoother commissioning and lifecycle outcomes.

Action-oriented guidance for executives to strengthen supply chains, accelerate digital operations, and align commercial models to deliver resilient low-carbon district heating and cooling projects

Industry leaders should prioritize investments in supply chain resilience, modular design, and digital operations to preserve project timelines and capture operational efficiencies. Early supplier engagement and multi-sourcing strategies reduce exposure to tariff-induced cost spikes and production bottlenecks, and implementing modular plant components enables staged deployment and simpler upgrades as technologies evolve. In parallel, operators should accelerate adoption of digital control layers and remote monitoring to optimize seasonal operation, enable demand-side flexibility, and reduce maintenance-related downtime. These measures position systems to integrate additional low-carbon heat sources with minimal disruption.

Stakeholders should also re-evaluate contracting approaches to better allocate risk and incentivize performance. Performance-based contracts and energy service agreements that tie compensation to thermal delivery and efficiency metrics can align incentives across owners, operators, and technology suppliers. Where feasible, pursue partnerships that combine local manufacturing strengths with engineering expertise to shorten lead times and support aftermarket services. Finally, policy engagement and proactive participation in standards-setting bodies help ensure that regulatory frameworks evolve in step with technological capabilities, enabling scalable deployment while safeguarding consumer affordability and system interoperability.

Robust mixed-methods methodology combining stakeholder interviews, technical literature validation, and scenario testing to ensure actionable and defensible strategic conclusions

The research approach synthesizes primary interviews, technical literature review, and cross-sector case analysis to produce grounded strategic insight. Primary research involved structured interviews with stakeholders including system operators, equipment manufacturers, engineering contractors, municipal planners, and industrial energy managers, enabling triangulation of practical challenges related to contracting, installation, and long-term operation. Secondary research incorporated peer-reviewed technical studies, government regulatory documents, standards publications, and vendor technical specifications to validate technology performance claims and to contextualize policy drivers.

Analytical rigor was ensured through cross-validation of interview inputs with documented case studies and manufacturer performance data, while scenario-based sensitivity analysis tested how different procurement and tariff outcomes would affect project timelines and supply chain choices. The methodology emphasized qualitative synthesis over speculative quantitative projection, focusing on replicable lessons, technology readiness considerations, and contractual structures that have demonstrated efficacy across multiple jurisdictions. This mixed-methods approach supports robust conclusions that are directly applicable to planning, procurement, and operational decision making.

Concise synthesis of strategic conclusions emphasizing flexibility, supply chain resilience, and performance-based approaches to accelerate decarbonization through district thermal systems

In summary, district heating and cooling is transitioning from niche, centralized infrastructure to a flexible, decarbonization-aligned service platform capable of integrating diverse heat sources and delivering resilience benefits. Technological improvements in heat pumps, thermal storage, and digital controls, together with strategic integration of waste heat and renewable thermal sources, enable both centralized and decentralized deployment models that meet a spectrum of urban and industrial needs. Meanwhile, policy shifts and procurement strategies will continue to shape the pace and form of adoption, with supply chain and tariff dynamics exerting episodic but significant influence on project economics and timelines.

Decision makers should prioritize supply chain diversification, modular project architectures, and performance-driven contracting to manage uncertainty and accelerate realization of decarbonization objectives. By focusing on operational flexibility and strategic partnerships, stakeholders can reconcile short-term implementation constraints with long-term climate and resiliency goals, thereby unlocking value for customers and communities while advancing shared policy objectives.

Table of Contents

1. Preface

  • 1.1. Objectives of the Study
  • 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
  • 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
  • 1.4. Currency & Pricing
  • 1.5. Language
  • 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

  • 5.1. Integration of renewable energy sources such as geothermal and solar thermal in district heating networks
  • 5.2. Deployment of smart meter and IoT enabled technology for real-time monitoring and network optimization in district heating
  • 5.3. Implementation of large-scale heat recovery from industrial processes to reduce fuel consumption in urban heating systems
  • 5.4. Increasing adoption of low-carbon heat generation using bioenergy and waste-to-energy plants in cooling networks
  • 5.5. Expansion of hydrogen blending projects within existing heating networks to lower carbon emissions and enhance flexibility
  • 5.6. Development of seasonal thermal energy storage solutions to balance supply and demand across heating and cooling seasons
  • 5.7. Emergence of digital twins for predictive maintenance and performance optimization of district heating and cooling infrastructure
  • 5.8. Growth of public-private partnerships to finance and accelerate modernization of aging district energy grids
  • 5.9. Rising focus on regulatory frameworks incentivizing low-temperature district heating for integration with building energy systems
  • 5.10. Advancements in combined heat and power plant efficiency enabling higher return on investment for energy providers

6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025

7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025

8. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Energy Source

  • 8.1. Biomass
    • 8.1.1. Logs
    • 8.1.2. Pellets
    • 8.1.3. Wood Chips
  • 8.2. Coal
    • 8.2.1. Anthracite
    • 8.2.2. Bituminous
  • 8.3. Geothermal
    • 8.3.1. Ground Source
    • 8.3.2. Hydrothermal
  • 8.4. Natural Gas
  • 8.5. Oil
    • 8.5.1. Distillate
    • 8.5.2. Heavy Fuel Oil
  • 8.6. Solar
    • 8.6.1. Evacuated Tube
    • 8.6.2. Flat Plate
  • 8.7. Waste Heat
    • 8.7.1. Cogeneration
    • 8.7.2. Industrial Heat Recovery

9. District Heating & Cooling Market, by System Type

  • 9.1. Centralized
    • 9.1.1. Boiler Plants
    • 9.1.2. Combined Heat And Power
  • 9.2. Decentralized
    • 9.2.1. Heat Pumps
    • 9.2.2. Microgeneration

10. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Temperature Level

  • 10.1. High Temperature
  • 10.2. Low Temperature
  • 10.3. Medium Temperature

11. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Network Configuration

  • 11.1. Four Pipe
  • 11.2. Single Pipe
  • 11.3. Three Pipe
  • 11.4. Two Pipe

12. District Heating & Cooling Market, by End User

  • 12.1. Commercial
    • 12.1.1. Hospitality
    • 12.1.2. Offices
    • 12.1.3. Retail
  • 12.2. Industrial
    • 12.2.1. Chemicals
    • 12.2.2. Food Processing
    • 12.2.3. Pulp And Paper
  • 12.3. Institutional
    • 12.3.1. Education
    • 12.3.2. Government
    • 12.3.3. Healthcare
  • 12.4. Residential

13. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Application

  • 13.1. Combined
    • 13.1.1. Absorption Cooling
    • 13.1.2. Electric Cooling
  • 13.2. Cooling
    • 13.2.1. Chilled Water
    • 13.2.2. Direct Expansion
  • 13.3. Domestic Hot Water
  • 13.4. Space Heating

14. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Region

  • 14.1. Americas
    • 14.1.1. North America
    • 14.1.2. Latin America
  • 14.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
    • 14.2.1. Europe
    • 14.2.2. Middle East
    • 14.2.3. Africa
  • 14.3. Asia-Pacific

15. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Group

  • 15.1. ASEAN
  • 15.2. GCC
  • 15.3. European Union
  • 15.4. BRICS
  • 15.5. G7
  • 15.6. NATO

16. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Country

  • 16.1. United States
  • 16.2. Canada
  • 16.3. Mexico
  • 16.4. Brazil
  • 16.5. United Kingdom
  • 16.6. Germany
  • 16.7. France
  • 16.8. Russia
  • 16.9. Italy
  • 16.10. Spain
  • 16.11. China
  • 16.12. India
  • 16.13. Japan
  • 16.14. Australia
  • 16.15. South Korea

17. Competitive Landscape

  • 17.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 17.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
  • 17.3. Competitive Analysis
    • 17.3.1. ADC Energy Systems LLC
    • 17.3.2. Alfa Laval AB
    • 17.3.3. Danfoss A/S
    • 17.3.4. DC Pro Engineering LLC
    • 17.3.5. Emicool LLC
    • 17.3.6. Emirates Central Cooling System Corporation
    • 17.3.7. Engie SA
    • 17.3.8. Enwave Energy Corporation
    • 17.3.9. Fortum Corporation
    • 17.3.10. FVB Energy Inc.
    • 17.3.11. Goteborg Energi AB
    • 17.3.12. Helen Oy
    • 17.3.13. KELAG Enegie & Warme GmbH
    • 17.3.14. Keppel Corporation Limited
    • 17.3.15. Korea District Heating Corporation
    • 17.3.16. LOGSTOR Denmark Holding ApS
    • 17.3.17. National Central Cooling Company PJSC
    • 17.3.18. NRG Energy, Inc.
    • 17.3.19. Orsted A/S
    • 17.3.20. Qatar District Cooling Company Q.C.S.C.
    • 17.3.21. Ramboll Group A/S
    • 17.3.22. Shinryo Corporation
    • 17.3.23. Siemens AG
    • 17.3.24. Vicinity Energy
    • 17.3.25. ABB Group
    • 17.3.26. Mitsubishi Corporation

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 2. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 3. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 4. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 5. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 6. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 7. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 8. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 9. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 10. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 11. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 12. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 13. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 14. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 15. AMERICAS DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 16. NORTH AMERICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 17. LATIN AMERICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 19. EUROPE DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 20. MIDDLE EAST DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 21. AFRICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 22. ASIA-PACIFIC DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 23. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 24. ASEAN DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 25. GCC DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 26. EUROPEAN UNION DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 27. BRICS DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 28. G7 DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 29. NATO DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 30. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 31. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024
  • FIGURE 32. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2024

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
  • TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2024
  • TABLE 3. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 4. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 5. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 6. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 7. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 8. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 9. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 10. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 11. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 12. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 13. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 14. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 15. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 16. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 17. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 18. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 19. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 20. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 21. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 22. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 23. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 24. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 25. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 26. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 27. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 28. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 29. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 30. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 31. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 32. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 33. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 34. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 35. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 36. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 37. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 38. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 39. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 40. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 41. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 42. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 43. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 44. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 45. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 46. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 47. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 48. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 49. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 50. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 51. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 52. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 53. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 54. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 55. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 56. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 57. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 58. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 59. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 60. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 61. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 62. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 63. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 64. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 65. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 66. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 67. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 68. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 69. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 70. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 71. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 72. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 73. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 74. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 75. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 76. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 77. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 78. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 79. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 80. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 81. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 82. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 83. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 84. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 85. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 86. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 87. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 88. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 89. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 90. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 91. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 92. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 93. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 94. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 95. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 96. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 97. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 98. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 99. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 100. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 101. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 102. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 103. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 104. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 105. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 106. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 107. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 108. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 109. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 110. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 111. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 112. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 113. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 114. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 115. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 116. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 117. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 118. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 119. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 120. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 121. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 122. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 123. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 124. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 125. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 126. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 127. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 128. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 129. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 130. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 131. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 132. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 133. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 134. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 135. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 136. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 137. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 138. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 139. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 140. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 141. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 142. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 143. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 144. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 145. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 146. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 147. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 148. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 149. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 150. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 151. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 152. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 153. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 154. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 155. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 156. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 157. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 158. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 159. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 160. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 161. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 162. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 163. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 164. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 165. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 166. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 167. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 168. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 169. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 170. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 171. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 172. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 173. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 174. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 175. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 176. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 177. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 178. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 179. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 180. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 181. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 182. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 183. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 184. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 185. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 186. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 187. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 188. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 189. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 190. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 191. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 192. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 193. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 194. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 195. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 196. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 197. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 198. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 199. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 200. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 201. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 202. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 203. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 204. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 205. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 206. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 207. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 208. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 209. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 210. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 211. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 212. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 213. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 214. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 215. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 216. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 217. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 218. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 219. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 220. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 221. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 222. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 223. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 224. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 225. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 226. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 227. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 228. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 229. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 230. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 231. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 232. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 233. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 234. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 235. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 236. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 237. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 238. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 239. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 240. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 241. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 242. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 243. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 244. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 245. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 246. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 247. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 248. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 249. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 250. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 251. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 252. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 253. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 254. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 255. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 256. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 257. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 258. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 259. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 260. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 261. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 262. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 263. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 264. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 265. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 266. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 267. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 268. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 269. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 270. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 271. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 272. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 273. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 274. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 275. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 276. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 277. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 278. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 279. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 280. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 281. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 282. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 283. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 284. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 285. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 286. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 287. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 288. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 289. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 290. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 291. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 292. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 293. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 294. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 295. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 296. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 297. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 298. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 299. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 300. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 301. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 302. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 303. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 304. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 305. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 306. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 307. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEAT