5G卫星整合

卫星服务和5G的整合预计将透过改善服务欠缺地区的连接性并使网路更具弹性来彻底改变通讯。卫星和 5G 之间的协同作用是由对可靠连接日益成长的需求推动的，特别是在传统地面基础设施缺失或有限的农村和偏远地区。

非地面网路（NTN）5G仍处于起步阶段，但许多努力进行中（工业联盟、欧空局、研究计画）。主要挑战仍然与终端设备的成熟度、製造和维护所需的基础设施成本以及各部门之间的法规和合作有关。

自Release 17以来的3GPP标准化使5G能够考虑NTN通信，为低速通信、物联网和宽频的最新改进提供了可能性。

本报告调查了5G卫星整合，并总结了当前的市场状况、5G卫星应用和用例以及未来举措。

目录

第1章 执行摘要

第2章 卫星通讯（SATCOM）简介

• 低轨道巨型卫星星座竞争
• 卫星星座网路的新趋势与技术

第3章 将卫星整合到 3GPP 生态系

• 当谈论 5G NTN（非地面网路）生态系统时，需要考虑该技术的各个方面和组成部分
• 地面外的5G 在太空中面临独特的挑战
• 考虑到空间特殊性，3GPP 标准将 NTN 整合到 5G 中
• 考虑用于 5G NTN 的频段
• NTN 5G 网路可采用三种主要架构
• NTN 原生支援 6G

第4章 5G卫星应用及使用范例

• 各种用途
• 直接销售或直接设备服务
• 4G/5G 呼叫架构范例（AST SpaceMobile Verizon）
• NTN物联网服务
• NTN 5G 宽频服务
• 地面和卫星网路融合的机会和挑战
• 依服务类型划分的市场区隔
• 使用直接设备（或直接单元）的范例
• NTN 物联网用例
• 宽频用例
• 将 5G 整合到卫星中以实现各种用例的好处
• 影响未来5G市场的因素 NTN

第5章 欧洲倡议、协会与 NTN 5G 研究计画

• 多个组织对 NTN 5G 标准表现出浓厚兴趣
• NTN 在 5G 和 6G 研发方面的欧洲举措
• 虹膜

第6章 市场规模

• 整个卫星5G市场的预测

The convergence of satellite services with 5G holds the promise of revolutionising communications by offering increased connectivity in underserved areas and boosting network resilience. This synergy between satellites and 5G is driven by the growing need for reliable connectivity, particularly in rural and remote areas where traditional terrestrial infrastructure is absent or limited.

• Global Coverage
• Resilience
• New Markets

Although Non-terrestrial Network (NTN) 5G is still in its infancy, a number of initiatives are underway (industrial consortia, ESA, research projects).

The main challenges remain related to the maturity of the end equipment, the cost of the infrastructure required for production and maintenance, and the regulations and cooperation between the various segments.

3GPP standardisation since Release 17 has enabled 5G to take into account NTN communications, offering the possibility of low-speed communication, the Internet of Things and recent improvements for broadband.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction to satellite communications (SATCOM)

• 2.1. The race for mega constellations in low-Earth orbit
• 2.2. Emerging trends and technologies in satellite constellation networks

3. Satellite integration into the 3GPP ecosystem

• 3.1. When talking about the 5G NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) ecosystem, various aspects and components of this technology need to be taken into account
• 3.2. Non-terrestrial 5G faces specificities challenges in the space sector
• 3.3. 3GPP standard integrates NTN into 5G, taking into account the specificities of space
• 3.4. Frequency bands considered for 5G NTN
• 3.5 Three main architectures are possible for NTN 5G networks
• 3.6 NTN will be native to 6G

4. 5G satellite applications and use cases

• Different applications
• Direct-to-Cell or Direct-to-Device service
• Example of 4G/5G call architecture (AST SpaceMobile Verizon)
• NTN IoT Service
• NTN 5G service for broadband
• Opportunities and challenges of integrating terrestrial and satellite networks
• Market segment by type of service
• Direct-to-Device (or direct-to-cell) use cases
• NTN IoT use cases
• Broadband use cases
• The benefits of integrating 5G into satellites for different use cases
• Factors influencing the future 5G market NTN

5. European initiatives, associations and NTN 5G research projects

• Various associations express strong interest in the NTN 5G standard
• European initiatives for NTN research and development on 5G, 6G
• IRIS2

6. Market sizing

• Estimations of the total satellite-5G market

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