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市场调查报告书
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1457038

梅克尔细胞癌治疗市场 - 2024 年至 2029 年预测

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Disease Treatment Market - Forecasts from 2024 to 2029
出版日期: | 出版商: Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence | 英文 129 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

梅克尔细胞癌治疗市场预计在预测期内将以 3.43% 的复合年增长率成长，从 2022 年的 38.18 亿美元增至 2029 年的 48.34 亿美元。

梅克尔细胞癌 (MCC) 是一种罕见的侵袭性皮肤癌，主要影响负责触觉的梅克尔细胞。它通常与紫外线辐射和默克尔细胞多瘤病毒有关。治疗选择包括手术、放射线治疗、化疗、免疫治疗和标靶治疗。手术切除是主要治疗方法，放射线治疗针对癌细胞。化疗可以杀死癌细胞或阻止它们生长，而免疫疗法则利用人体的免疫系统来对抗癌症。标靶治疗针对参与癌症生长的特定分子。患者与多学科团队合作确定最佳治疗计划，定期后续观察对于发现可能的復发或併发症非常重要。梅克尔细胞癌是一种罕见的侵袭性皮肤癌，可以透过手术、放射线治疗和免疫疗法来治疗。梅克尔细胞癌症治疗市场包括旨在针对和治疗癌症的药物、治疗方法和医疗干预措施。关键组成部分包括化疗药物、免疫治疗、标靶治疗等。手术是一种常见的方法，放射线治疗使用高能量射线来瞄准并摧毁癌细胞。免疫疗法是一种重要的治疗方法，可增强人体对癌细胞的免疫反应。临床试验为市场做出贡献，标靶治疗专注于与癌细胞生长和存活相关的特定分子和途径。通常采用多学科方法来解决梅克尔细胞癌的复杂性。

市场驱动力

  • 加大研发力度

梅克尔细胞癌症治疗的研发工作包括创新治疗方法的开发、标靶化特定癌症生长分子、免疫疗法的进展。这些措施伴随着更多的临床试验来评估新治疗方法的安全性和有效性，推动了市场的发展。例如，2024年1月，Verrica Pharmaceuticals开发了VP-315，一种First-in-Class的溶瘤胜肽，用于治疗美国最常见的癌症基底细胞癌。这项 2 期研究是一项由两部分组成的开放标籤、多中心、剂量递增、概念验证研究，旨在评估该药物在经切片检查证实的基底细胞癌成人患者中的安全性、药物动力学和药物动力学。该药物的作用是诱导癌细胞裂解并释放频谱的肿瘤抗原以促进 T 细胞反应。 Verrica持有针对皮肤癌适应症开发和商业化 VP-315 的全球独家授权。

  • 加强联合倡议

新的皮肤切片检查方法可以实现疾病的早期诊断和治疗，改善预后和治疗选择。研究机构、製药公司和医疗保健组织之间的合作可以透过汇集资源和专业知识来加速药物开发并推进默克尔细胞癌研究。例如，2023年3月，默克公司宣布，在终止与辉瑞公司的合作协议后，该公司将负责抗程序性死亡配体-1（PD-1）的开发、製造和商业化。 ®（Avelumab）在全球范围内重新获得独家权利默克将透过其附属公司 Ares Trading SA 完全控制BAVENCIO的全球商业化，并将向辉瑞公司支付净销售额 15% 的特许权使用费，以取代其当前的利润份额。默克公司将管理所有未来的研发活动，产品的製造和供应链将完全由默克负责。在临床前模型中，BAVENCIO 已被证明参与适应性和先天免疫功能。

预计北美将占据大部分市场占有率

北美因其先进的医疗基础设施、研发以及先进治疗方法而成为梅克尔细胞癌治疗的重要市场。由于人口老化、认识提高和诊断技术改进等因素，默克尔细胞癌在美国的盛行率正在增加。该地区强大的法规环境（包括 FDA 和加拿大卫生署）为患者提供有效且安全的治疗。北美，尤其是美国，由于拥有先进的医疗基础设施、研究机构和医疗专业人员，是默克尔细胞癌治疗市场的主要参与企业。该地区是医疗创新中心，学术机构、製药公司和研究中心在开发新治疗方法主导。 FDA 在癌症治疗的核准和商业化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，随着时间的推移，全球研究和医疗实践可能会影响市场占有率。此外，大多数北美人口都有健康保险，这使其成为默克尔细胞癌治疗的一个有吸引力的市场。总的来说，北美的医疗基础设施、研究和先进治疗方法有助于全面的癌症治疗方法。

主要进展

  • 2024 年 1 月 - 默克核准KEYTRUDA（一种抗 PD-1 疗法）与放射线治疗联合用于治疗 Figo 2014 III-IVA 期子宫颈癌。这项核准是在一项 3 期研究显示，根据 KEYNOTE- 的资料，与安慰剂和 CRT联合治疗相比，KEYTRUDA 和 CRT联合治疗使 FIGO 2014 III-IVA 期子宫颈癌患者的无恶化生存期提高了41%。 KEYTRUDA 已获得其针对子宫颈癌的第三个适应症，使其成为美国的第 39 个适应症。
  • 2023 年 3 月 - Incyte 宣布其人源化单株抗体 Zyny 获得 FDA核准，该抗体靶向程序性死亡受体 1 (PD-1)，用于治疗成人转移性或复发性局部晚期默克尔细胞癌(MCC)。 FDA 根据肿瘤反应率和反应持续时间 (DOR) 加速核准了 Zainiz 的生技药品核准(BLA)。 MCC 是一种罕见的侵袭性皮肤癌，转移率高，预后差。远端转移患者的 5 年总存活率估计为 14%。儘管在美国MCC的发生率不到十万分之一，但发病率正在迅速增加，特别是在65岁以上的成年人身上。
  • 2023 年 8 月 - Verrica Pharmaceuticals 宣布了 VP-315 2 期研究第 1 部分的病灶清除资料，VP-315 是一种潜在的基底细胞癌 (BCC) 非手术免疫疗法。 VP-315 是化疗药物，可导致癌细胞细胞细胞器（如粒线体）裂解，释放频谱肿瘤抗原以促进 T 细胞反应。 Verrica持有皮肤癌（特别是非转移性黑色素瘤和非转移性梅克尔细胞癌）开发和商业化 VP-315 的全球许可。该公司最初计划将开发重点放在基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌。

主要市场区隔

依治疗方法

  • 化疗
  • 免疫疗法
  • 手术切除术
  • 放射线治疗
  • 联合治疗
  • 其他的

按考试类型

  • 电脑断层扫描
  • 正子断层扫描
  • 切片检查测试
  • 免疫组化检测
  • 其他的

按最终用户

  • 医院
  • 居家医疗
  • 专科诊所及手术中心
  • 其他的

按地区

  • 北美洲
  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
  • 南美洲
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 其他的
  • 欧洲
  • 英国
  • 德国
  • 法国
  • 其他的
  • 中东 中东/非洲
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
  • 南非
  • 其他的
  • 亚太地区
  • 中国
  • 日本
  • 印度
  • 韩国
  • 其他的

目录

第一章 简介

  • 市场概况
  • 市场定义
  • 调查范围
  • 市场区隔
  • 货币
  • 先决条件
  • 基准年和预测年时间表
  • 相关人员的主要利益

第二章调查方法

  • 研究设计
  • 调查过程

第三章执行摘要

  • 主要发现
  • CXO观点

第四章市场动态

  • 市场驱动因素
  • 市场限制因素
  • 波特五力分析
  • 产业价值链分析
  • 分析师观点

第五章默克尔细胞癌治疗市场：依治疗方法

  • 介绍
  • 化疗
  • 免疫疗法
  • 手术切除
  • 放射治疗
  • 联合治疗
  • 其他的

第六章默克尔细胞癌治疗市场：依试验类型

  • 介绍
  • 电脑轴向断层扫描
  • 正子断层扫描
  • 切片检查测试
  • 免疫组化检测
  • 其他的

第七章默克尔细胞癌治疗市场：依最终用户分类

  • 介绍
  • 医院
  • 居家医疗
  • 专科诊所和外科中心
  • 其他的

第八章默克尔细胞癌治疗市场：按地区

  • 介绍
  • 北美洲
  • 南美洲
  • 欧洲
  • 中东/非洲
  • 亚太地区

第九章竞争环境及分析

  • 主要企业及策略分析
  • 市场占有率分析
  • 合併、收购、协议和合作
  • 竞争对手仪表板

第十章 公司简介

  • Merck KGaA
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Takeda Oncology（Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.）
  • Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • OncoSec Medical Incorporated
  • McKesson Corporation
  • Amgen Inc,
  • Immunity Bio（NantKwest）
简介目录
Product Code: KSI061612273

The Merkel cell carcinoma disease treatment market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.43% during the forecast period, reaching US$4.834 billion by 2029, from US$3.818 billion in 2022.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects Merkel cells responsible for touch. It is often linked to UV radiation and the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, while radiation therapy targets cancer cells. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells or stops growth, and immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. Targeted therapy targets specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Patients should work with a multidisciplinary team to determine the best treatment plan, and regular follow-ups are crucial to detect recurrence or potential complications. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. The Merkel cell carcinoma disease treatment market includes pharmaceuticals, therapies, and medical interventions designed to target and treat the cancer. Key components include chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies. Surgery is a common approach, while radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. Immunotherapy, a significant treatment modality, enhances the body's immune response against cancer cells. Clinical trials contribute to the market, while targeted therapies focus on specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer cell growth and survival. Multidisciplinary approaches are often used to address the complex nature of Merkel cell carcinoma.

MARKET DRIVERS:

  • Growing efforts in research and development

R&D efforts in Merkel cell carcinoma treatment include developing innovative therapies, targeting specific cancer growth molecules, and advancing immunotherapy. These efforts drive the market by involving more clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments. For instance, in January 2024, Verrica Pharmaceuticals developed VP-315, a first-in-class oncolytic peptide, for treating basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of cancer in the U.S. The Phase 2 trial, a 2-part, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study, will assess the drug's safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in adults with biopsy-proven basal cell carcinoma. The drug works by inducing lysis of tumor cell organelles and unleashing a broad spectrum of tumor antigens for T cell responses. Verrica holds a worldwide exclusive license to develop and commercialize VP-315 for dermatologic oncology indications.

  • Increased collaborative Initiatives

New skin biopsy approaches enable early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, improving prognosis and treatment options. Collaborations between research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare organizations can accelerate drug development and advance Merkel cell carcinoma research by pooling resources and expertise. For instance, in march 2023, Merck has regained exclusive worldwide rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize the anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody BAVENCIO(R) (avelumab) following the termination of their Alliance agreement with Pfizer. Merck, through its affiliate Ares Trading S.A., will take full control of the global commercialization of BAVENCIO, replacing the current profit share with a 15% royalty to Pfizer on net sales. Merck will control all future research and development activities, while the product manufacturing and supply chain will remain solely with Merck. BAVENCIO has been shown to engage both adaptive and innate immune functions in preclinical models.

North America is anticipated to hold a significant amount of the market share

North America is a significant market for Merkel cell carcinoma treatment due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, research and development, and access to advanced therapies. The prevalence of Merkel cell carcinoma in the US has increased due to factors like an aging population, increased awareness, and improved diagnostic techniques. The region's robust regulatory environment, including the FDA and Health Canada, ensures effective and safe treatments are available to patients. North America, particularly the United States, is a key player in the Merkel cell carcinoma treatment market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, research institutions, and healthcare professionals. The region is a hub for medical innovation, with academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and research centers leading in developing new treatments. The FDA plays a crucial role in the approval and commercialization of cancer treatments. However, global research and healthcare practices can impact market shares over time. Additionally, the majority of the population in North America has health insurance coverage, making it an attractive market for Merkel cell carcinoma treatment. Overall, North America's healthcare infrastructure, research, and access to advanced therapies contribute to a comprehensive approach to cancer care.

Key Developments:

  • January 2024- Merck has approved KEYTRUDA, its anti-PD-1 therapy, in combination with chemoradiotherapy for treating FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer. The approval is based on data from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-A18 trial, which showed KEYTRUDA plus CRT improved progression-free survival by 41% compared to placebo plus CRT in patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA disease. KEYTRUDA has received its third indication in cervical cancer and the 39th in the U.S.
  • March 2023- Incyte has received approval from the FDA for Zyny, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) for treating adults with metastatic or recurrent locally advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The FDA has accelerated approval of the Biologics License Application (BLA) for Zynyz based on tumor response rate and duration of response (DOR). MCC is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer, with a high rate of metastatic disease and poor prognosis. The estimated five-year overall survival rate for patients with distant metastatic disease is 14%. MCC affects less than 1 per 100,000 people in the U.S., but incidence rates rapidly increase, especially in adults over 65.
  • August 2023- Verrica Pharmaceuticals has presented lesion clearance data from Part 1 of a Phase 2 study of VP-315, a potential non-surgical immunotherapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). VP-315 is a chemotherapeutic administered intratumorally, causing the lysis of intracellular organelles of tumor cells, such as mitochondria, and unleashing a broad spectrum of tumor antigens for T cell responses. Verrica holds a global license to develop and commercialize VP-315 for dermatologic oncology, specifically non-metastatic melanoma and non-metastatic merkel cell carcinoma. The company plans to focus initially on basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas as the lead indications for development.

Key Market Segments

By Therapy

  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Surgical Excision
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Combination Therapy
  • Others

By Test Type

  • Computerized axial tomography scan
  • Positron emission tomography scan
  • Biopsy test
  • Immunohistochemistry test
  • Others

By End-Users

  • Hospitals
  • Homecare
  • Specialty Clinics and Surgical Centers
  • Others

By Geography

  • North America
  • USA
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Others
  • Europe
  • United Kingdom
  • Germany
  • France
  • Others
  • Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • South Africa
  • Others
  • Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Others

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1. Market Overview
  • 1.2. Market Definition
  • 1.3. Scope of the Study
  • 1.4. Market Segmentation
  • 1.5. Currency
  • 1.6. Assumptions
  • 1.7. Base, and Forecast Years Timeline
  • 1.8. Key Benefits to the Stakeholder

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 2.1. Research Design
  • 2.2. Research Processes

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 3.1. Key Findings
  • 3.2. CXO Perspective

4. MARKET DYNAMICS

  • 4.1. Market Drivers
  • 4.2. Market Restraints
  • 4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 4.3.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 4.3.3. Threat of New Entrants
    • 4.3.4. Threat of Substitutes
    • 4.3.5. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
  • 4.4. Industry Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.5. Analyst View

5. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY THERAPY

  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Chemotherapy
    • 5.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.3. Immunotherapy
    • 5.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.4. Surgical Excision
    • 5.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.5. Radiation Therapy
    • 5.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.5.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.5.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.6. Combination Therapy
    • 5.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.6.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.6.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.7. Others
    • 5.7.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.7.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.7.3. Geographic Lucrativeness

6. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY TEST TYPE

  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Computerized axial tomography scan
    • 6.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.3. Positron emission tomography scan
    • 6.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.4. Biopsy test
    • 6.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.5. Immunohistochemistry test
    • 6.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.5.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.5.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.6. Others
    • 6.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.6.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.6.3. Geographic Lucrativeness

7. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY END-USERS

  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Hospitals
    • 7.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.3. 7.3. Homecare
    • 7.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.4. Specialty Clinics and Surgical Centers
    • 7.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.5. Others
    • 7.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.5.2. Growth Prospects

Geographic Lucrativeness

8. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. North America
    • 8.2.1. By Therapy
    • 8.2.2. By Test Type
    • 8.2.3. By End-User
    • 8.2.4. By Country
      • 8.2.4.1. United States
        • 8.2.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.2.4.2. Canada
        • 8.2.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.2.4.3. Mexico
        • 8.2.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.3. South America
    • 8.3.1. By Therapy
    • 8.3.2. By Test Type
    • 8.3.3. By End-User
    • 8.3.4. By Country
      • 8.3.4.1. Brazil
        • 8.3.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.3.4.2. Argentina
        • 8.3.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.3.4.3. Others
        • 8.3.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.4. Europe
    • 8.4.1. By Therapy
    • 8.4.2. By Test Type
    • 8.4.3. By End-User
    • 8.4.4. By Country
      • 8.4.4.1. United Kingdom
        • 8.4.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.2. Germany
        • 8.4.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.3. France
        • 8.4.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.4. Italy
        • 8.4.4.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.4.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.5. Spain
        • 8.4.4.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.5.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.6. Others
        • 8.4.4.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.6.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.5. Middle East and Africa
    • 8.5.1. By Therapy
    • 8.5.2. By Test Type
    • 8.5.3. By End-User
    • 8.5.4. By Country
      • 8.5.4.1. Saudi Arabia
        • 8.5.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.5.4.2. UAE
        • 8.5.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.5.4.3. Others
        • 8.5.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.6. Asia Pacific
    • 8.6.1. By Therapy
    • 8.6.2. By Test Type
    • 8.6.3. By End-User
    • 8.6.4. By Country
      • 8.6.4.1. Japan
        • 8.6.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.2. China
        • 8.6.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.3. India
        • 8.6.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.4. South Korea
        • 8.6.4.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.4.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.5. Taiwan
        • 8.6.4.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.5.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.6. Thailand
        • 8.6.4.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.6.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.7. Indonesia
        • 8.6.4.7.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.7.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.8. Others
        • 8.6.4.8.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.8.2. Growth Prospects

9. COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT AND ANALYSIS

  • 9.1. Major Players and Strategy Analysis
  • 9.2. Market Share Analysis
  • 9.3. Mergers, Acquisitions, Agreements, and Collaborations
  • 9.4. Competitive Dashboard

10. COMPANY PROFILES

  • 10.1. Merck KGaA
  • 10.2. Pfizer Inc.
  • 10.3. Takeda Oncology (Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.)
  • 10.4. Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
  • 10.5. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • 10.6. OncoSec Medical Incorporated
  • 10.7. McKesson Corporation
  • 10.8. Amgen Inc,
  • 10.9. Immunity Bio (NantKwest)