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市场调查报告书
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1560284

通讯电子製造服务市场报告:2030 年趋势、预测与竞争分析

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Lucintel | 英文 150 Pages | 商品交期: 3个工作天内

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简介目录

通讯电子设备製造服务趋势与预测

预计到 2030 年,全球通讯电子製造服务市场将达到 1,491 亿美元,2024 年至 2030 年复合年增长率为 7.1%。该市场的主要驱动因素是现有工业系统的快速现代化、无线通讯基础设施的改进以及对向客户及时提供服务的日益关注。全球通讯电子製造服务市场的未来前景广阔,电子组装、电子设计和工程、电子製造和供应链管理市场充满机会。

Lucintel 预测,由于IT基础设施和基于 IT 的解决方案的快速扩展,以及资料通讯和电讯储存处理的增加,收发器和发射器在预测期内仍将是最大的细分市场。

在这个市场中,由于技术进步和巨量资料、感测器和无线通讯等消费者需求的不断增长,预计电子设计和工程服务将在预测期内实现最高成长。

由于该地区智慧和连网设备用户数量不断增加、工业化快速发展、人口成长以及消费者购买力不断上升,亚太地区在预测期内可能仍将是最大的地区。

常问问题

Q.1通讯电子设备製造服务的市场规模有多大?

A1. 到 2030 年,全球电讯电子製造服务市场预计将达到 1,491 亿美元。

Q.2通讯电子设备製造服务市场的成长预测如何?

A2. 2024年至2030年,全球电讯电子製造服务市场预计将以7.1%的复合年增长率成长。

Q.3 影响通讯电子製造服务市场成长的关键驱动因素有哪些?

A3. 该市场的主要驱动因素是现有工业系统的快速现代化、无线通讯基础设施的改进以及对向客户及时提供服务的日益关注。

Q4.市场的主要细分市场是:

A4.通讯电子製造服务市场前景广阔,电子组装、电子设计与工程、电子製造、供应链管理市场充满机会。

Q5.市场的主要企业是:

A5. 主要通讯电子设备製造服务公司如下:

  • Benchmark Electronics
  • Celestica
  • Compal
  • Creation Technologies
  • FLEX
  • Jabil
  • Plexus Corporation
  • Sanmina Corporation
  • Venture Corporation
  • Wistron Corporation

Q6.未来最大的细分市场是什么?

A6.Lucintel 预测,由于IT基础设施和基于 IT 的解决方案的快速扩展,以及资料通讯和电讯储存处理的增加,收发器和发射器在预测期内仍将是最大的细分市场。

Q7.未来五年预计哪个地区的市场成长最大?

A7.由于智慧和连网设备用户数量不断增加、工业化快速发展、人口成长和消费者购买力不断上升,亚太地区在预测期内将继续成为最大的地区。

Q8. 可以客製化报告吗?

A8. 是的,Lucintel 提供 10% 的客製化服务,无需额外付费。

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章全球通讯电子製造服务市场:市场动态

  • 简介、背景、分类
  • 供应链
  • 产业驱动因素与挑战

第三章 2018-2030年市场趋势及预测分析

  • 宏观经济趋势(2018-2023)与预测(2024-2030)
  • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场趋势(2018-2023)与预测(2024-2030)
  • 按产品类型分類的全球通讯电子製造服务市场
    • 计算设备/设备
    • 伺服器路由器
    • 射频/微波
    • 光纤装置
    • 收发器发射器
    • 其他的
  • 全球通讯电子设备製造服务市场(依服务分类)
    • 电子设备设计/工程
    • 电子设备组装
    • 电子设备製造
    • 供应链管理(SCM)
    • 其他的
  • 按应用分類的全球通讯电子製造服务市场
    • 小型企业
    • 大公司

第四章 2018-2030年区域市场趋势及预测分析

  • 按地区分類的全球通讯电子製造服务市场
  • 北美通讯电子设备製造服务市场
  • 欧洲通讯电子製造服务市场
  • 亚太通讯电子製造服务市场
  • 其他地区通讯电子设备製造服务市场

第五章 竞争分析

  • 产品系列分析
  • 业务整合
  • 波特五力分析

第六章 成长机会与策略分析

  • 成长机会分析
    • 按产品类型分類的全球通讯电子製造服务市场成长机会
    • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场的服务成长机会
    • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场成长机会(按应用)
    • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场成长机会(按地区)
  • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场新趋势
  • 战略分析
    • 新产品开发
    • 扩大全球通讯电子製造服务市场的产能
    • 全球通讯电子製造服务市场的併购、收购和合资企业
    • 认证和许可

第七章主要企业概况

  • Benchmark Electronics
  • Celestica
  • Compal
  • Creation Technologies
  • FLEX
  • Jabil
  • Plexus Corporation
  • Sanmina Corporation
  • Venture Corporation
  • Wistron Corporation
简介目录

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Trends and Forecast

The future of the global telecom electronic manufacturing service market looks promising with opportunities in the electronics assembly, electronic design & engineering, electronic manufacturing, and supply chain management markets. The global telecom electronic manufacturing service market is expected to reach an estimated $149.1 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2030. The major drivers for this market are rapid modernization of the existing industrial systems, improvements in the wireless communication infrastructure, and growing focus on timely service delivery to the customers.

Lucintel forecasts that transceivers and transmitters will remain largest segment over the forecast period due to rapid expansion of IT infrastructure and IT-based solutions and growing storage processing for data communication and telecommunication.

Within this market, electronic design and engineering services is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to advancement in technology, including big data, sensors, and wireless communication that have reshaped the technological landscape through IOT (internet of things) and growing consumer demands.

APAC will remain the largest region over the forecast period due to increasing number of users of smart and interconnected devices, rapid industrialization, population growth, and the rising purchasing power of consumers in the region.

Emerging Trends in the Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market

The emerging trends in the telecom electronics sector are leading from the front regarding the development of the future world of connectivity and network management. The trends signify technological changes in the industry and changing requirements of technology.

  • 5G Expansion and Innovation: The era of 5G is well underway, being rolled out globally at faster speeds and with less latency. This trend is enabling new applications for autonomous driving and applications associated with smart cities, in addition to improved experiences in mobility.
  • Integration of Artificial Intelligence: The integration of AI within telecom networks is on the rise for better network management, predictive maintenance, and customer experience. Operations are becoming optimal and costs are reducing with artificial intelligence-driven solutions.
  • Network Slicing Maturation: Network slicing as a capability will be used, allowing the creation of virtual networks adaptable to specific needs. It will further avail efficiency and, more importantly, customization for divergent industry needs and applications.
  • Cybersecurity Focus: With the increasing complexities in telecom networks, this is suddenly a red-hot area where safety and security measures are being developed simultaneously to protect them from cyber threats for integrity.
  • IoT Connectivity Improvements: Innovation in telecom electronics is fueled by the booming range of IoT applications. New solutions are developed that improve connectivity to a large diversity of IoT devices and applications-from smart home systems to industrial sensors.

The trends, on one hand, are fostering the reshaping of the whole field of telecommunications: pushing the development towards 5G technologies, AI, management of networks, security of cyber, and connectivity with IoTs; all of them enable reshaping how the operation of the telecom network can be done to provide services.

Recent Developments in the Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market

There are several new developments in telecom electronics in terms of growing technology and performance demands on this increasingly important solution. These developments come with the various impacts on other dimensions of this industry.

  • Deployment of 5G Networks: The rollout of 5G is such a significant development, where much higher speeds and lower latencies would be experienced. With a wide spectrum of applications that will be supported-from enhanced mobile broadband to massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications to critical communications for industrial IoT-5G shows world-leading potential.
  • Better Network Components: Advancement in the elements of the network is making it stronger, through antenna technologies and small cell technology that keep evolving, enhancing further the performance and coverage of the network. The elements are very important in a position to specially support high-speed data and ensure reliable service when demand surges.
  • AI-Powered Network Management: The integration of AI into network management systems contributes to much more effectiveness and efficiency in work. AI tools conduct predictive maintenance, network optimization, and automated customer service, thus saving costs while increasing service quality.
  • Improved Cybersecurity: New cybersecurity solutions for telecom networks are developed to provide protection against emerging threats. The security enhancement will be highly essential in maintaining network infrastructures in this digital world.
  • IoT Solution Expansion: Advanced development of IoT connectivity solutions is done to support smart devices and applications. In return, better connectivities and integration technologies will enable new types of IoT applications across various industries.

These are indeed developments that are escalating the potential of the telecom electronics industry by enhancing network performance, bolstering the management capabilities, and expanding the connectivity solutions. Focus on 5G, AI, cybersecurity, and IoT are creating a massive surge of advancement into the sector.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market

The telecom electronics market has the most ideal strategic growth opportunities in regard to the advancement of technology and changing needs of industries. Strategic growth opportunities have an eye of the market potential for expansion and innovation in key applications.

  • 5G Infrastructure Development: Infrastructural investments in 5G will avail growth to meet the demand for high-speed, low-latency networks; enhancement of network coverage expansion; upgrading of network components; and new technology deployment in order to support 5G applications.
  • Integration of AI in Network Management: The integration of AI into network management systems avails growth potential through the realization of efficiency and reduction of operational costs. AI will optimize network performance, predict maintenance needs, and improve customer service.
  • Expansion of IoT Connectivity: The increased demand for IoT-based applications sets the pace for integrating and developing advanced connectivity solutions. Investments in IoT infrastructure and technologies offer the increasing market for developing smart devices and its industrial applications.
  • Cybersecurity Solutions to a Telecom Network: The complexity of existing telecom networks triggers the utmost necessity of using advanced cybersecurity solutions. It is crucial to design and implement robust security mechanisms for safeguarding networks from growing and emerging cyber threats.
  • Designing Enhanced Aspects of a Network: This remains a potential in the development of advanced network components with high-performance antennas and small cells. The other opportunity area is that of development supporting increased network performance and meeting the demands for expanding high-speed data.

Five strategic growth opportunities will continue to be in 5G infrastructure, AI integration, IoT connectivity, cybersecurity solutions, and advanced network components. These all have had high potential for markets and innovation.

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market Driver and Challenges

The marketing of electronics in telecom markets involves various drivers and challenges, such as technological development and advancement, economic factors, and regulatory considerations.

The factors responsible for driving the telecom electronic manufacturing service market include:

1. Technological Developments: New technological developments in the electronics telecom market, like those related to the integration of AI and 5G technology, are driving the growth of markets in this sector regarding improved network performance, efficiency, and capability in meeting the growing demand for high-speed connectivity.

2. Due to the increased demand for faster, more reliable internet services, the need for advanced telecom electronics in this sector increases. The proliferation of smart devices and expansion of services are significant causes.

3. Growth in IoT Applications: The growing trend of the Internet of Things will inform an increase in demand for higher levels of advanced connectivity solutions. It is anticipated that different sectors' various uses and enormous network of IoT devices and applications will heavily be underpinned by telecom electronics.

4. Increased Investment in 5G Networks: Enormous present investments in 5G infrastructure are driving the growth of the sector for telecom electronics. 5G network utilizes advanced components and technologies, which expands the network of suppliers further.

5. Focus on Cybersecurity: Growing demand for cybersecurity solutions within the domain of the telecom network is leading to a tilt in preference toward advanced security solutions. At the center of demand is the protection of network infrastructure from cyber threats.

Challenges in the telecom electronic manufacturing service market are:

1. High Cost of Advanced Technology: Regulatory compliance issues are one of the major barriers to market growth facing the high development and deployment costs of advanced telecom electronics. In most cases, investment in new technologies and infrastructures has to be large, which in itself creates capital constraints that inhibit market growth.

2. Network Management Complexity: Network management complexity is another challenge in the deployment of advanced telecom networks. New technologies and their management require efficient network management, which means existing systems and operations are highly challenged by the integrations.

3. Regulatory Compliance Issues: It is sometimes hard to meet all regulatory requirements. There are regulations on data privacy, network security, and spectrum management that telecom companies have to adhere to, affecting operations and costs.

4. Rapid Technological Changes: Companies may face issues as, with the rapidly changing technology for telecom electronics, unless they innovate consistently and remain current with new technologies as well as market trends, it will be out of the question to compete easily.

5. Supply Chain Disruptions: Supply chain disruptions clearly can affect how available and expensive telecom electronics will be. Material scarcity, as well as geopolitical elements among others, will impact on manufacture and delivery.

The drivers of the telecom electronics market are technology development, increased demand for connections, while the challenges are through costs and being on the right side of the regulation. A proper response to all of these factors will be able to harbor growth and sustain some chance of competitiveness.

List of Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies telecom electronic manufacturing service companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the telecom electronic manufacturing service companies profiled in this report include-

  • Benchmark Electronics
  • Celestica
  • Compal
  • Creation Technologies
  • FLEX
  • Jabil
  • Plexus Corporation
  • Sanmina Corporation
  • Venture Corporation
  • Wistron Corporation

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global telecom electronic manufacturing service by product type, service, application, and region.

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • Computing Devices and Equipment
  • Servers and Routers
  • RF and Microwave
  • Fiber Optic Devices
  • Transceivers and Transmitters
  • Others

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • Electronic Design and Engineering
  • Electronics Assembly
  • Electronic Manufacturing
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Others

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • Small & Medium Enterprises
  • Large Enterprises

Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market

Major players in the market are expanding their operations and forming strategic partnerships to strengthen their positions. Below image highlights recent developments by major telecom electronics producers in key regions: the USA, China, India, Japan, and Germany

  • US: The country has significantly developed in the deployment of 5G network infrastructure, developing more advanced network infrastructure and components that are boosting speed and connectivity. Furthermore, with the nascent advanced antenna systems and nascent network slicing technologies, the country is in a position to optimize the network performance both for consumer and industrial applications.
  • China: China is leading in the adoption of 5G technology. Overall, investments in 5G infrastructures and expansion of the network have been rampant. It is leading in integrating artificial intelligence with the telecom network for further efficiency and in conjunction with smart city initiatives.
  • Germany: The drive towards 5G and the enhanced requirement for cybersecurity are further pushing what Germany's telecom electronics providers already do. The state is also investing in new network management tools to support the growing national digital infrastructure.
  • India: The recent events in India include the rollout of 5G trials and telecom network expansion in rural areas. Advancement of network technology and infrastructure is continuous across the country, as the government is still striving toward digital inclusions.
  • Japan is surely adept at 5G and has begun research into the application of telecom electronics for new-age IoT applications using that potential. It is also laying greater emphasis on network resilience and reliability in order to support its high-tech industrial base.

Features of the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market

Market Size Estimates: Telecom electronic manufacturing service market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2018 to 2023) and forecast (2024 to 2030) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Telecom electronic manufacturing service market size by product type, service, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Telecom electronic manufacturing service market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different product types, services, applications, and regions for the telecom electronic manufacturing service market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the telecom electronic manufacturing service market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

If you are looking to expand your business in this or adjacent markets, then contact us. We have done hundreds of strategic consulting projects in market entry, opportunity screening, due diligence, supply chain analysis, M & A, and more.

FAQ

Q.1 What is the telecom electronic manufacturing service market size?

Answer: The global telecom electronic manufacturing service market is expected to reach an estimated $149.1 billion by 2030.

Q.2 What is the growth forecast for telecom electronic manufacturing service market?

Answer: The global telecom electronic manufacturing service market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2030.

Q.3 What are the major drivers influencing the growth of the telecom electronic manufacturing service market?

Answer: The major drivers for this market are rapid modernization of the existing industrial systems, improvements in the wireless communication infrastructure, and growing focus on timely service delivery to the customers .

Q4. What are the major segments for telecom electronic manufacturing service market?

Answer: The future of the telecom electronic manufacturing service market looks promising with opportunities in the electronics assembly, electronic design & engineering, electronic manufacturing, and supply chain management markets.

Q5. Who are the key telecom electronic manufacturing service market companies?

Answer: Some of the key telecom electronic manufacturing service companies are as follows:

  • Benchmark Electronics
  • Celestica
  • Compal
  • Creation Technologies
  • FLEX
  • Jabil
  • Plexus Corporation
  • Sanmina Corporation
  • Venture Corporation
  • Wistron Corporation

Q6. Which telecom electronic manufacturing service market segment will be the largest in future?

Answer: Lucintel forecasts that transceivers and transmitters will remain largest segment over the forecast period due to rapid expansion of IT infrastructure and IT-based solutions and growing storage processing for data communication and telecommunication.

Q7. In telecom electronic manufacturing service market, which region is expected to be the largest in next 5 years?

Answer: APAC will remain the largest region over the forecast period due to increasing number of users of smart and interconnected devices, rapid industrialization, population growth, and the rising purchasing power of consumers in the region.

Q.8 Do we receive customization in this report?

Answer: Yes, Lucintel provides 10% customization without any additional cost.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

  • Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the telecom electronic manufacturing service market by product type (computing devices and equipment, servers and routers, RF and microwave, fiber optic devices, transceivers and transmitters), service (electronic design and engineering, electronics assembly, electronic manufacturing, supply chain management, and others), application (small & medium enterprises and large enterprises), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
  • Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
  • Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
  • Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
  • Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
  • Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
  • Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
  • Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
  • Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?
  • Market Report

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market : Market Dynamics

  • 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
  • 2.2: Supply Chain
  • 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2018 to 2030

  • 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
  • 3.2. Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
  • 3.3: Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type
    • 3.3.1: Computing Devices and Equipment
    • 3.3.2: Servers and Routers
    • 3.3.3: RF and Microwave
    • 3.3.4: Fiber Optic Devices
    • 3.3.5: Transceivers and Transmitters
    • 3.3.6: Others
  • 3.4: Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service
    • 3.4.1: Electronic Design and Engineering
    • 3.4.2: Electronics Assembly
    • 3.4.3: Electronic Manufacturing
    • 3.4.4: Supply Chain Management
    • 3.4.5: Others
  • 3.5: Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Application
    • 3.5.1: Small & Medium Enterprises
    • 3.5.2: Large Enterprises

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2018 to 2030

  • 4.1: Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Region
  • 4.2: North American Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 4.2.1: North American Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type: Computing Devices and Equipment, Servers and Routers, RF and Microwave, Fiber Optic Devices, Transceivers and Transmitters, and Others
    • 4.2.2: North American Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service: Electronic Design and Engineering, Electronics Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, and Others
  • 4.3: European Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 4.3.1: European Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type: Computing Devices and Equipment, Servers and Routers, RF and Microwave, Fiber Optic Devices, Transceivers and Transmitters, and Others
    • 4.3.2: European Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service: Electronic Design and Engineering, Electronics Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, and Others
  • 4.4: APAC Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 4.4.1: APAC Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type: Computing Devices and Equipment, Servers and Routers, RF and Microwave, Fiber Optic Devices, Transceivers and Transmitters, and Others
    • 4.4.2: APAC Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service: Electronic Design and Engineering, Electronics Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, and Others
  • 4.5: ROW Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 4.5.1: ROW Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type: Computing Devices and Equipment, Servers and Routers, RF and Microwave, Fiber Optic Devices, Transceivers and Transmitters, and Others
    • 4.5.2: ROW Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service: Electronic Design and Engineering, Electronics Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

  • 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
  • 5.2: Operational Integration
  • 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

  • 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
    • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Product Type
    • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Service
    • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Application
    • 6.1.4: Growth Opportunities for the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market by Region
  • 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
  • 6.3: Strategic Analysis
    • 6.3.1: New Product Development
    • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Telecom Electronic Manufacturing Service Market
    • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

  • 7.1: Benchmark Electronics
  • 7.2: Celestica
  • 7.3: Compal
  • 7.4: Creation Technologies
  • 7.5: FLEX
  • 7.6: Jabil
  • 7.7: Plexus Corporation
  • 7.8: Sanmina Corporation
  • 7.9: Venture Corporation
  • 7.10: Wistron Corporation