奈米机器人市场报告：2031 年趋势、预测与竞争分析

全球奈米机器人市场的未来前景光明，在医院、诊断中心和实验室市场都存在大量机会。预计到 2031 年全球奈米机器人市场规模将达到 141 亿美元，2025 年至 2031 年的复合年增长率为 8.2%。该市场的关键驱动因素是分子机器人技术的不断进步以及对奈米技术和再生医学的日益关注。

• 据 Lucintel 称，药物输送预计将在预测期内实现最高增长，因为它被广泛用于将药物输送到体内的特定目标，例如癌细胞。
• 在终端工业类别中，由于各种医疗程序和治疗对奈米机器人技术的需求很高，医院可能继续成为最大的细分市场。
• 根据地区划分，预计北美将在预测期内实现最高成长，这得益于其完善的医疗保健基础设施、对奈米技术的大量投资以及主要企业的存在。

奈米机器人市场的策略成长机会

在技​​术进步和对更高精度和高效率的需求的推动下，奈米机器人为各种应用提供了新的策略成长机会。在本节中，我们介绍了奈米机器人在不同应用领域的五个成长机会，它们都具有相当大的创新和市场发展潜力。

• 针对疾病的药物输送：为靶向输送药物而开发的奈米机器人在医疗保健产业中具有巨大的潜力。透过这些奈米机器人，药物可以直接输送到癌细胞，从而达到有效的治疗效果，同时减少副作用。该领域在癌症治疗中具有巨大潜力，特别是在难以标靶化的晚期癌症治疗中。
• 精密製造：奈米机器人正被应用于许多产业，特别是电子和航太，以获得竞争优势。奈米机器人可以在分子层面上组装材料，从而开发出性能更佳的新材料和组件，这将有利于製造过程。
• 环境监测与修復：专为环境目的（即监测和修復）设计的奈米机器人显示出很高的成长潜力。奈米机器人甚至可以感知和去除奈米尺度的污染物，这是环境管理的重大进步。该应用在应对污染和气候变迁中发挥关键作用。
• 农业与食品安全：正在探索奈米技术在农业中的应用，使用奈米机器人挖土和喷洒农药。农业生产和食品安全不断改善，新的市场也不断出现。借助奈米机器人可以评估土壤状况，为农民提供实施适当农业技术的重要讯息，从而提高生产力。
• 个人化医疗：将奈米机器人技术融入个人化医疗将创造另一个成长机会。奈米机器人可以设计用于个别患者，实现即时诊断和治疗药物的传输。该应用程式有可能透过提供根据患者需求量身定制的更有效的治疗方案来改变医疗保健行业。

奈米机器人在关键应用领域的这些策略成长机会正在促进市场创新和扩张。随着药物传输系统、手术器械和设备、精密製造、环境监测和个人化医疗的进步扩展到这些新领域，奈米机器人将走在这些变革的前沿。

奈米机器人市场驱动因素与挑战

奈米机器人市场的范围涵盖了受各种因素、技术、市场条件和政治影响的多个方面。本节检验了奈米机器人市场的主要区域驱动因素和挑战，并为未来的市场发展提供了重要启示。

推动奈米机器人市场发展的因素有：

• 技术进步：奈米技术、人工智慧和生物技术等许多领域的持续发展趋势正在推动先进且多功能的奈米机器人的诞生。这些进步将提高奈米机器人的有效性和稳定性，同时促进新应用的创造，刺激市场成长和创新。
• 精准医疗需求不断增长：客製化精准医疗需求不断增长将对奈米机器人市场的成长产生正面影响。奈米机器人将提供超精确的药物传输和非侵入性手术，满足医疗保健，特别是癌症治疗和诊断领域日益增长的精准需求。
• 环境永续性：奈米技术正在推动更安全、更永续的技术的应用，例如应用奈米机器人来检测和清理环境污染。检测和清除污染是奈米机器人的主要功能之一，符合全球环境管理和保护的趋势。
• 工业自动化：全球工业自动化趋势将对奈米机器人市场的成长产生正面影响。分子层面的发展是奈米机器人的新应用，有助于先进製造、降低生产成本和开发全新的材料。
• 研发投资：全球投资的增加推动了商业化技术的进步和普及，尤其是在奈米机器人研究领域。政府、学术界和私人组织为奈米机器人提供了大量资金，帮助实现具有广泛功能的先进奈米机器人系统。

奈米机器人市场面临的挑战包括：

• 技术复杂性：奈米机器人的工程和应用涉及复杂性，包括创建和製造奈米级设备的挑战。这些障碍阻碍了创新的发展，增加了奈米机器人技术的成本，阻碍了其全球应用。
• 监管障碍：事实证明，获得奈米机器人实用化（特别是在医疗保健领域）的监管核准极其困难。奈米机器人必须经过安全性、有效性和道德问题的详细评估，这些评估往往非常繁琐且耗时，从而延迟了其进入市场的时间。
• 开发成本高：奈米机器人研发所需的资金对市场拓展构成重大挑战。设计、改进和製造自足式的奈米机器人需要大量资金，这极大地限制了小型企业和新兴企业的机会。

奈米机器人市场的现状源自于市场驱动因素和挑战的结合。一方面，对精准度的需求以及对研发和技术进步的投资正在推动成长，但另一方面，技术复杂性、监管挑战和道德问题构成了重大障碍。

目录

第一章执行摘要

第 2 章全球奈米机器人市场：市场动态

• 简介、背景和分类
• 供应链
• 产业驱动因素与挑战

第 3 章 市场趋势与预测分析（2019-2031）

• 宏观经济趋势（2019-2024）与预测（2025-2031）
• 全球奈米机器人市场趋势（2019-2024）与预测（2025-2031）
• 全球奈米机器人市场类型
  • 3D运动奈米机器
  • 细菌可充电奈米机器人
  • 生物晶片
  • 努博特
  • 奈米火箭
  • 其他的
• 全球奈米机器人市场（按应用）
  • 医学影像
  • 资讯储存
  • 药物输送
  • 健康感测器复製器
  • 其他的
• 全球奈米机器人市场按最终用途产业划分
  • 医院
  • 诊断中心
  • 实验室
  • 其他的

第 4 章区域市场趋势与预测分析（2019-2031 年）

• 全球奈米机器人市场区域分布
• 北美奈米机器人市场
• 欧洲奈米机器人市场
• 亚太地区奈米机器人市场
• 其他地区的奈米机器人市场

第五章 竞争分析

• 产品系列分析
• 营运整合
• 波特五力分析

第六章 成长机会与策略分析

• 成长机会分析
  • 全球奈米机器人市场按类型分類的成长机会
  • 全球奈米机器人市场成长机会（按应用）
  • 全球奈米机器人市场成长机会（按最终用途产业划分）
  • 全球奈米机器人市场各区域成长机会
• 全球奈米机器人市场的新兴趋势
• 战略分析
  • 新产品开发
  • 全球奈米机器人市场产能扩大
  • 全球奈米机器人市场的企业合併
  • 认证和许可

第七章主要企业简介

• Bruker
• JEOL
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Ginkgo Bioworks
• Oxford Instruments
• EV
• Imina Technologies
• Toronto Nano Instrumentation
• Klocke Nanotechnik
• Kleindiek Nanotechnik

The future of the global nanorobotic market looks promising with opportunities in the hospital, diagnostic center, and research laboratory markets. The global nanorobotic market is expected to reach an estimated $14.1 billion by 2031 with a CAGR of 8.2% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the rising advancements in molecular robots and the expanding focus on nanotechnology and regenerative medicine.

• Lucintel forecast that, within the application category, drug delivery is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to its widespread use in delivering drugs to specific targets in the body, such as cancer cells.
• Within the end-use industry category, hospitals will remain the largest segment due to the greater demand for nanorobotic technologies for various medical procedures and treatments.
• In terms of regions, North America is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period due to the existence of well-established healthcare infrastructure, significant investments in nanotechnology, and the presence of key players in the region.

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Emerging Trends in the Nanorobotic Market

The field of nanorobotics has developed and is now studying several emerging trends that will shape the future of the field. These trends are supported by progress in technology, the need for accuracy, and the need for green solutions. This section identifies five important trends affecting nanorobotics, which are essential for the growth and expansion of the market.

• Artificial intelligence (AI) integration: The field of nanorobotics has been gaining more artificial intelligence tools to enhance decision-making and real-time information acquisition. This trend is most pronounced in medical applications where AI-controlled nanorobots identify and treat medical problems with precision, thus improving health outcomes for patients while reducing healthcare expenditures.
• Environment-related needs: There is a growing interest in environmental nanorobots and their capabilities within nanorobotics. In particular, nanorobots are being advanced in diagnosing pollutants, removing spills, and cleaning water through nanotechnology. This trend has emerged in an attempt to find solutions to the ever-increasing global societal problems.
• Precision medicine: The rise in the need for targeted and customized medicine fuels the development of new types of nanorobots suited for selective drug administration and non-invasive therapeutic procedures. Such nanorobots will target sick cells directly for drug application, which will diminish side effects and enhance treatment, marking a game changer in medical approaches.
• Industrial automation: Nanorobots are revolutionizing industrial automation, particularly precision manufacturing processes. Nanorobots are assembled at the molecular level within material structures for the production of components and materials with previously unattainable properties. This trend is driving progress in several industries, including electronics and materials science.
• Commercialization of nanorobotics: With the growing interest in nanorobots, there has also been an increasing focus on their commercialization. Both startups and large corporations are channels aimed at penetrating the nanorobotic technology markets, primarily in healthcare, production, and environmental management. This trend will pave the way for the near future of nanorobots in various fields.

The trends noted above are transforming many sectors as new nanorobotic perspectives emerge. With trends such as embracing AI, engaging with environmental concerns, precision medicine, industrial mechanization, and commercialization, nanorobotics will be paramount in finding solutions to world problems and advancing technology.

Recent Developments in the Nanorobotic Market

In the past few years, nanorobotics has made remarkable strides, largely due to the growth of nanotechnology, AI, and biological sciences. Such advances are encouraging new uses in areas such as medicine and manufacturing. This section presents five developments that are likely to influence the future of nanorobots.

• Drug delivery using autonomous nanorobots: One of the most important advancements in modern medicine is the development of autonomous nanorobots for targeted drug delivery. With this capability, these nanorobots can move inside a living organism and release therapeutic agents at specified locations, thus limiting adverse events and enhancing treatment efficacy, particularly in cancer treatment.
• AI nanorobots: AI and nanorobotics have together paved the way for the manufacture of intelligent nanorobots with autonomous decision-making capabilities. AI nanorobots are used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures today, enabling healthcare professionals to deliver optimal healthcare customized to individual patients based on real-time information and data.
• Application of nanorobots in environmental pollution monitoring: Nanorobots designed for environmental pollution detection represent another crucial advancement. Such nanorobots are capable of measuring toxic substances even at the nanoscale, thereby providing high efficiency in the treatment of contaminants. This development is particularly useful in addressing environmental issues facing the world today.
• Nanobots in precision engineering: Nanorobots are changing the landscape of precision manufacturing as they are capable of joining atoms and molecules together, thus constructing materials at the molecular level. This development will result in the synthesis of novel materials with enhanced physical properties, improving manufacturing processes in the electronics, automotive, and aerospace industries.
• Bringing products to market: The progress in the commercialization of nanorobotics looks promising as many new players in the market create nanorobots for healthcare and business. This development is augmenting the growth of the nanorobotics market globally, especially in healthcare, manufacturing, and environmental management.

These key developments in nanorobotics significantly influence different fields and bring advancements that may even exceed current imagination. The basic autonomous actions of nanorobots, such as AI, environmental applications, precision manufacturing, and commercialization, will develop rapidly, thus shifting nanorobotic technology toward the new trends of the 21st century.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Nanorobotic Market

Nanorobotics offers new strategic growth opportunities in different applications driven by technological advancement and the need for more precision and efficiency. This section presents five growth opportunities in nanorobotics by application, all characterized by considerable innovative and market development potential.

• Drug delivery targeting disease: Nanorobots developed for targeted delivery of medicine possess enormous potential in the healthcare industry. Through these nanorobots, medicine can be delivered directly to cancerous cells, thereby reducing side effects while achieving effective treatment results. This area has great prospects in cancer treatment, especially as targeting becomes more challenging in advanced stages.
• Precision manufacturing: Nanorobots are being utilized in many industries, especially electronics and aerospace, to gain competitive advantages. The assembly of materials can be performed by nanorobots at the molecular level, leading to the development of new materials and components with enhanced properties, resulting in fruitful outcomes in manufacturing processes.
• Environmental monitoring and remediation: Nanorobots designed for environmental purposes, namely monitoring and remediation, show high levels of growth potential. Nanorobots can sense and remove pollutants even at the nanoscale, which is a significant advancement in environmental management. This application plays a crucial role in the fight against pollution and climate change.
• Agriculture and food safety: The application of nanotechnology in farming is being investigated to carry out soil excavation and pesticide application using nanorobots. As a result, new markets are emerging by increasing agricultural production and food safety. Soil conditions can be assessed with the help of nanobots, providing farmers with essential information for implementing proper farming techniques, thus increasing productivity.
• Personalized medicine: The inclusion of nanorobotics in personalized medicine creates another entry point for growth opportunities. Nanobots can be designed for use in individual patients, enabling the delivery of real-time diagnostics and therapeutics. This application is poised to transform healthcare sectors as more effective treatment options are tailored to patients' needs.

Such strategic growth opportunities in nanorobotics across key application segments contribute to the innovation and expansion of the market. As the evolution of drug delivery systems, surgical instruments and equipment, precision manufacturing, environmental surveillance, and personalized medicine expands into these new frontiers, nanorobotics will be at the forefront of these changes.

Nanorobotic Market Driver and Challenges

The scope of the nanorobotics market covers several facets impacted by various factors, technologies, market conditions, and politics. This section examines the major regional drivers and challenges in the nanorobotics market and explains their core implications for future development.

The factors driving the nanorobotics market include:

• Technological advancements: There continues to be a forward trend in many areas, such as nanotechnology, AI, and biotechnology, enabling the manufacture of advanced and versatile nanorobots. Such advancements facilitate the creation of new applications while enhancing the effectiveness and stability of nanorobots, thus driving market growth and innovation.
• Growing demand for precision medicine: The increasing necessity for customized and precision medicine positively impacts the growth of the nanorobotics market. Nanorobots provide ultra-precise drug delivery and non-invasive surgical procedures, meeting the rising demand for accuracy in medicine, especially in cancer treatment and diagnosis.
• Environmental sustainability: There is a drive to adopt safer and more sustainable techniques in nanotechnology, such as the applications of nanorobots for environmental pollution detection and cleanup. Pollution detection and removal are among the main functions of nanorobots aligned with global trends in environmental management and conservation.
• Industrial automation: The ongoing trend of industrial automation worldwide positively influences the growth of the nanorobotics market. Construction at the molecular level is a novel application of nanorobots, contributing to advanced manufacturing, reducing production costs, and developing entirely new materials.
• Investment in research and development: Global expansion in investment has led to advancements and availability of commercialized technologies, particularly in nanorobotic research. There is significant funding for nanorobots from governments, academia, and private entities, driving the realization of advanced nanorobotic systems with varied functions.

Challenges in the nanorobotic market include:

• Technical complexity: Engineering and applying nanorobots involve complexities, such as the challenges of creating and producing nanoscale devices. These barriers can slow the development of innovations and increase the costs of nanorobotic technologies, inhibiting global adoption.
• Regulatory hurdles: Obtaining regulatory approval for the practical application of nanorobots, particularly in healthcare, has proven extremely difficult. Nanobots must undergo detailed assessments regarding safety, efficacy, and ethical concerns, which are often tedious and lengthy, delaying market readiness.
• High development costs: The financial demands of nanorobotics research and development pose a significant challenge to market growth. Designing, improving, and manufacturing self-contained nanobots requires substantial funding, which disproportionately limits opportunities for small companies and startups.

The current realities in the nanorobotics market result from a combination of drivers and challenges. On one hand, demand for precision and investments in R&D and technological advancement motivate growth; on the other hand, technical complexities, regulatory challenges, and ethical issues pose significant barriers.

List of Nanorobotic Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies nanorobotic companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the nanorobotic companies profiled in this report include-

• Bruker
• JEOL
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Ginkgo Bioworks
• Oxford Instruments
• EV
• Imina Technologies
• Toronto Nano Instrumentation
• Klocke Nanotechnik
• Kleindiek Nanotechnik

Nanorobotic by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global nanorobotic market by type, application, end use industry, technology, and region

Nanorobotic Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• 3D-Motion Nanomachines
• Bacteria Powered Nanobots
• Biochips
• Nubots
• Nanorockets
• Others

Nanorobotic Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Medical Imaging
• Information Storage
• Drug Delivery
• Health Sensors and Replicators
• Others

Nanorobotic Market by End Use Industry [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Hospitals
• Diagnostic Centers
• Research Laboratories
• Others

Nanorobotic Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Nanorobotic Market

Major players in the market are expanding their operations and forming strategic partnerships to strengthen their positions. The following highlights recent developments by major nanorobotics producers in key regions: the USA, China, India, Japan, and Germany.

• United States: In the USA, significant achievements in medical nanorobotics have been observed, especially regarding drug targeting and performing embolic surgeries. Researchers are developing nanorobots capable of traversing the cavities of the human body to address medicinal or surgical requirements with greater efficiency.
• China: Chinese scientists are actively developing nanorobots to monitor changing environmental conditions and solve medical problems. A recent focus has been on treating cancer, where nanorobots deliver drugs to tumors, minimizing side effects and enhancing effectiveness. Additionally, China is making substantial investments in nanorobots for research and business purposes.
• Germany: German efforts concentrate on the industrial applications of nanorobots, particularly in manufacturing processes and materials science. Recent innovations have enabled nanorobots to construct materials from atoms, enhancing manufacturing quality in the country.
• India: Nanorobots in India have focused on the medical and agricultural sectors, making the country a center for nanorobotic research. This includes developing nanorobots for targeted drug delivery and improving soil and crop yields. Indian researchers are also exploring the applications of nanorobots in removing water pollution.
• Japan: Japan continues to lead in developing nanorobotics using artificial intelligence. Recently, it has become possible to create self-driving nanorobots controlled by AI systems that engage in medical diagnosis and treatment processes. Developments in nanorobotics in Japan will help transform approaches in personalized medicine by customizing treatments based on actual data analysis.

Features of the Global Nanorobotic Market

Market Size Estimates: Nanorobotic Market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Nanorobotic Market size by type, application, end use industry, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Nanorobotic Market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different types, applications, end use industries, and regions for the nanorobotic market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the nanorobotic market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

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This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the nanorobotic market by type (3d-motion nanomachines, bacteria powered nanobots, biochips,nubots, nanorockets, and others), application (medical imaging, information storage, drug delivery, health sensors and replicators, and others), end use industry (hospitals, diagnostic centers, research laboratories, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Nanorobotic Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Nanorobotic Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Nanorobotic Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: 3D-Motion Nanomachines
  • 3.3.2: Bacteria Powered Nanobots
  • 3.3.3: Biochips
  • 3.3.4: Nubots
  • 3.3.5: Nanorockets
  • 3.3.6: Others
• 3.4: Global Nanorobotic Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Medical Imaging
  • 3.4.2: Information Storage
  • 3.4.3: Drug Delivery
  • 3.4.4: Health Sensors and Replicators
  • 3.4.5: Others
• 3.5: Global Nanorobotic Market by End Use Industry
  • 3.5.1: Hospitals
  • 3.5.2: Diagnostic Centers
  • 3.5.3: Research Laboratories
  • 3.5.4: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Nanorobotic Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Nanorobotic Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Application: Medical Imaging, Information Storage, Drug Delivery, Health Sensors and Replicators, and Others
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by End Use Industry: Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Research Laboratories, and Others
• 4.3: European Nanorobotic Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Application: Medical Imaging, Information Storage, Drug Delivery, Health Sensors and Replicators, and Others
  • 4.3.2: European Market by End Use Industry: Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Research Laboratories, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Nanorobotic Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Application: Medical Imaging, Information Storage, Drug Delivery, Health Sensors and Replicators, and Others
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by End Use Industry: Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Research Laboratories, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Nanorobotic Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Application: Medical Imaging, Information Storage, Drug Delivery, Health Sensors and Replicators, and Others
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by End Use Industry: Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Research Laboratories, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Nanorobotic Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Nanorobotic Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Nanorobotic Market by End Use Industry
  • 6.1.4: Growth Opportunities for the Global Nanorobotic Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Nanorobotic Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Nanorobotic Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Nanorobotic Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Bruker
• 7.2: JEOL
• 7.3: Thermo Fisher Scientific
• 7.4: Ginkgo Bioworks
• 7.5: Oxford Instruments
• 7.6: EV
• 7.7: Imina Technologies
• 7.8: Toronto Nano Instrumentation
• 7.9: Klocke Nanotechnik
• 7.10: Kleindiek Nanotechnik