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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1759716

电子称重机市场报告：2031 年趋势、预测与竞争分析

Electronic Weighing Machine Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2031
出版日期: | 出版商: Lucintel | 英文 150 Pages | 商品交期: 3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球电子称重机市场未来预计将在线上和线下市场都迎来机会。预计2025年至2031年期间，全球电子称重机市场的复合年增长率将达到3.1%。该市场的主要驱动力包括对精度和准确度的需求不断增长、电子商务和物流应用的日益普及，以及政府对以重量为准的定价的监管力度不断加强。

  • Lucintel 预测，根据类型，零售规模将在预测期内经历最高的成长。
  • 在分销通路类别中，线下预计将出现高成长。
  • 根据地区来看，预计亚太地区将在预测期内实现最高成长。

这份超过 150 页的综合报告将为您提供宝贵的见解，协助您的业务决策。以下是一些范例图表和见解：

电子衡器市场的新趋势

电子称重机市场受到多种新趋势的影响，这些趋势推动着技术前沿、行业需求和客户期望的变化。这些趋势正在影响技术创新，并改善现代称重设备的功能。

  • 物联网与云端连接的整合：关键​​趋势之一是电子称重机与物联网的日益集成，这使得数据能够轻鬆传输到云端系统，从而实现远端监控、数据分析和预测性维护。这种连接可以即时查看称重操作，提高效率并增强决策能力，从而获得更深入的业务洞察并优化资源利用率。
  • 开发感测器技术，提高精度和可靠性：感测器技术的不断进步，使电子称重设备更加精确、稳定和可靠。这包括高端应变计技术、电磁力恢復和其他先进感测机制的应用。这使得各种应用中的测量结果更精确，误差更小。
  • 使用者友善的介面和软体整合：如今的电子称重设备通常配备直觉的触控萤幕、图形使用者介面，并可与企业资源规划 (ERP) 和其他业务系统无缝整合。这提升了使用者体验，简化了操作，增强了资料管理，从而提高了效率并减少了培训需求。
  • 可携式和无线称重解决方案的需求不断增加：许多行业对无线可携式电子称重机的需求不断增加，包括物流、医疗保健、现场服务等。该解决方案更加方便、用户友好，并且可以无缝传输数据，而不受实体电缆的束缚，从而提高多种工作环境中的移动性和效率。
  • 注重能源效率和永续性：製造商如今正致力于生产节能且可持续的电子称重机。这意味着要融入自动关机、低功耗和使用可回收材料等方面，从而减少对环境的影响并降低营运成本。

所有这些趋势都在推动连接性、准确性、用户体验、便携性和永续性的技术创新，从而累积改变电子称重行业，最终为各行各业带来更智慧、更有效率的称重解决方案。

电子称重机市场的最新趋势

电子称重市场正在不断创新，致力于提升各种应用的准确性、连接性和用户体验。近期趋势表明，感测器技术和软体整合取得了显着进步。

  • 高速、高解析度称重感测器的引入：最新的感测器技术使得能够以极高的速度提供极高解析度读数的电子称重机成为可能。这在自动化包装和高产量製造等应用中尤其重要。其结果是提高了高速工业流程的效率和准确性。
  • 整合高级数据分析和报告：趋势：电子称重设备越来越多地配备先进的软体，以促进即时数据分析、趋势追踪和客製化报告。这为企业提供了对其称重过程的宝贵洞察，并帮助他们做出明智的决策，从而改善过程控制并提升商业智慧。
  • 无线通讯协定，确保数据传输顺畅：蓝牙、Wi-Fi 和行动电话连接等无线通讯协定在电子称重设备中越来越普及。这使得资料能够顺畅地传输到其他装置和云端平台，从而实现远端监控和资料管理。这带来了更大的灵活性和更高的资料可存取性。
  • 触控萤幕介面和智慧软体的进步：电子称重机的使用者介面日益直观易用，许多都配备了彩色触控萤幕和图标导航。这提高了易用性，并缩短了学习曲线。
  • 精密天平正变得越来越小巧便携：精密电子天平在保持精度的前提下，体积也越来越小巧。由此诞生了高度可携式、电池供电的精密天平，可用于现场或实验室。这提高了便携性和灵活性，使称量随时随地都变得便捷。

这五项重要进步共同使电子天平市场更加准确、互联、用户友好，因此对各行各业更有价值。

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章全球电子称重机市场：市场动态

  • 简介、背景和分类
  • 供应链
  • 产业驱动力与挑战

第三章 2019年至2031年市场趋势及预测分析

  • 宏观经济趋势（2019-2024）及预测（2025-2031）
  • 全球电子称重机市场趋势（2019-2024）及预测（2025-2031）
  • 全球电子称重机市场（按类型）
    • 实验室规模
    • 宝石和珠宝秤
    • 零售秤
    • 健康量表
    • 厨房大小
    • 其他的
  • 全球电子称重机市场（按分销管道）
    • 在线的
    • 离线

第四章2019年至2031年区域市场趋势与预测分析

  • 电子称重机市场区域分布
  • 北美电子称重机市场
  • 欧洲电子称重机市场
  • 亚太地区电子秤重机市场
  • 世界其他地区电子称重机市场

第五章 竞争分析

  • 产品系列分析
  • 营运整合
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市场占有率分析

第六章 成长机会与策略分析

  • 成长机会分析
    • 全球电子称重机市场成长机会（按类型）
    • 全球电子称重机市场按分销管道分類的成长机会
    • 电子秤重机市场各区域成长机会
  • 全球电子衡器市场的新趋势
  • 战略分析
    • 新产品开发
    • 全球电子称重机市场产能扩张
    • 全球电子称重机市场的併购和合资企业
    • 认证和许可

第七章主要企业简介

  • A& D Company
  • Mettler-Toledo International
  • Doran Scales
  • Essae-Teraoka
  • Fairbanks Scales
  • Kern & Sohn
  • BONSO Electronics International
  • Shimadzu Corporation
  • Sartorius Group
  • Avery Weigh-Tronix
简介目录

The future of the global electronic weighing machine market looks promising with opportunities in the online and offline markets. The global electronic weighing machine market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 3.1% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the rising demand for precision and accuracy, the growing adoption in e-commerce and logistics, and the increasing government regulations on weight-based pricing.

  • Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, retail scale is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.
  • Within the distribution channel category, offline is expected to witness higher growth.
  • In terms of region, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report. Sample figures with some insights are shown below.

Emerging Trends in the Electronic Weighing Machine Market

The market for electronic weighing machines is influenced by some new trends that portray changing technological frontiers, industry needs, and customer aspirations. These trends influence innovation and advance the functionalities of contemporary weighing machinery.

  • IoT & Cloud Connectivity Integration: One of the major trends is growing electronic weighing machine integration with the IoT, allowing easy data transfer to cloud systems for remote monitoring, data analysis, and predictive maintenance. This connectivity provides real-time visibility into weighing operations, increased efficiency, and enhanced decision-making. The effect is improved operational insight and optimized resource utilization.
  • Sensor Technology Developments for Increased Accuracy & Reliability: The continuous advancements in sensor technology are resulting in electronic weighing machines that are more accurate, stable, and reliable. This involves the application of high-end strain gauge technology, electromagnetic force restoration, and other advanced sensing mechanisms. The result is more accurate measurement and less error in different applications.
  • Creation of User-Friendly Interfaces & Software Integration: Current electronic weighing equipment is more commonly offering intuitive touchscreens, graphical user interfaces, and seamless software integration into enterprise resource planning (ERP) and other business systems. This improves user experience, eases operation, and enhances data management. The effect is improved efficiency and lower training demands.
  • Increased Demand for Portable & Wireless Weighing Solutions: The demand for wireless and portable electronic weighing machines in numerous industries, such as logistics, medical care, and field services, is increasing. The solutions are more convenient, user-friendly, and transfer data seamlessly without being hampered by physical cables. The effect is increased mobility and efficiency in multiple work environments.
  • Emphasis on Energy Efficiency & Sustainability: Manufacturers are now emphasizing the production of electronic weighing machines that are energy-efficient and sustainable in nature. This means incorporating aspects such as automatic shutdown, low power consumption, and the use of recyclable materials. The result is a lower environmental footprint and reduced operating expenses.

These trends are all cumulatively transforming the electronic weighing machine industry by propelling innovation in connectivity, accuracy, user experience, portability, and sustainability, ultimately to smarter and more efficient weighing solutions across industries.

Recent Developments in the Electronic Weighing Machine Market

The market for electronic weighing machines is undergoing constant innovation in the direction of improving accuracy, connectivity, and user experience across a wide range of applications. Recent trends indicate considerable advancements in sensor technology and software integration.

  • Introduction of High-Speed and High-Resolution Weighing Sensors: Recent sensor technology has enabled the introduction of electronic weighing machines that can deliver very high-resolution readings at very high speeds. This is especially important in applications such as automated packaging and high-throughput manufacturing. The effect is enhanced efficiency and accuracy in high-speed industrial processes.
  • Integration of Advanced Data Analytics and Reporting Capabilities: Contemporary electronic weighing machines are more and more being equipped with advanced software that facilitates real-time data analysis, trend tracking, and tailored report generation. This helps companies obtain valuable insights into their weighing processes and make informed decisions. The effect is better process control and increased business intelligence.
  • Wireless Communication Protocols for Smooth Data Transfer: Implementation of wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular connectivity is gaining popularity in electronic weighing machines. This provides smooth data transfer to other devices and cloud platforms, enabling remote monitoring and data management. The effect is enhanced flexibility and enhanced data accessibility.
  • Advances in Touchscreen Interfaces and Intelligent Software: Electronic weighing machine user interfaces are becoming increasingly intuitive and user-friendly, with much of it sporting color touchscreens and icon navigation. This makes it easier to use and cut down on learning time. The effect is increased ease of use and shorter training time.
  • Miniaturization and Greater Portability of Precision Balances: Precision electronic balances are increasingly being miniaturized without sacrificing precision. This has resulted in very portable and battery-driven precision balances for use in the field and in laboratories. The effect is greater portability and flexibility to make weighing operations in any location convenient.

These five essential advancements are all together making the electronic weighing machine market more precise, connected, and user-friendly, and therefore more valuable to a broad number of industries.

Strategic Growth Opportunities in the Electronic Weighing Machine Market

There are significant strategic opportunities for growth in the electronic weighing machine market across various applications, fueled by rising automation, strict quality control needs, and the expanding necessity for data-based insights. Capitalizing on application-specific requirements is important for the players in the market.

  • Warehousing and Logistics: The growth in e-commerce and more complex supply chains is fueling demand for precise and reliable weighing solutions in warehousing and logistics for inventory control, order fulfillment, and shipping. Barcode-scanning integrated weighing systems with data connectivity offer major growth prospects. The effect is optimized operations, fewer errors, and enhanced supply chain visibility.
  • Packaging and Food Processing: Robust regulations about food labeling and food safety are demanding accurate weighing machines in the packaging and food processing sectors. Potential opportunities arise through creating clean and high-speed weighing solutions in line with quality control systems. The impact increases the product's quality, conformity with regulations, and optimized production.
  • Pharmaceutical and Healthcare: Precise weighing is essential in pharmaceutical production, compounding, and dispensing, and in healthcare for patient monitoring and drug management. Opportunities lie in developing high-precision balances with data logging and traceability capabilities. The effect is enhanced patient safety, regulatory compliance, and precise dosage control.
  • Agriculture and Livestock Management: Electronic weighing machines are becoming popular in agriculture for activities such as the measurement of crop yields, weight monitoring of livestock, and feed management. Data recording capability, portable, and ruggedized weighing solutions provide strong growth prospects. The effect is enhanced farm management practice and higher efficiency.
  • Retail Point of Sale (POS) Systems: In retail settings, the coupling of precise and consistent weighing scales with POS systems is essential for correct pricing and inventory tracking. The opportunity for growth exists in the development of smooth and easy-to-use integrated solutions with digital display and data connectivity capabilities. The effect is enhanced transaction accuracy and effective inventory management.

With this emphasis on technological developments across all major applications, the manufacturers of electronic weighing machines can find the ability to make an extension to larger market territories while offering value solutions based on specialized industry-specific demands for better, accurate, and faster working weight-based outputs.

Electronic Weighing Machine Market Driver and Challenges

The market for electronic weighing machines is driven by an evolving interaction of technological innovation, economic development, and regulatory norms in many industries. Various drivers are driving its growth, and some challenges must be successfully tackled for long-term success in the market.

The factors responsible for driving the electronic weighing machine market include:

1. Rising Automation Across Sectors: The increasing automation in manufacturing, logistics, and other sectors calls for the use of precise and reliable electronic weighing machines for process control and efficiency.

2. High Quality Control and Compliance Regulations: Sectors such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals are governed by high quality control and regulatory standards that demand precise and verifiable weighing processes.

3. Increasing Need for Data Analytics and Connectivity: The rise in the importance of decision-making based on data is creating a need for weighing machines that can integrate easily with IT systems and offer meaningful data insights.

4. Growth in the Retail and E-commerce Industries: The expansion of both offline and online retail is creating demand for precise weighing solutions for sales transactions at the point of sale, inventory management, and shipping.

5. Sensor and Electronics Technology Advances: Ongoing advances in sensor technology, microelectronics, and wireless communication are facilitating the production of more precise, dependable, and feature-packed electronic weighing machines.

Challenges in the electronic weighing machine market are:

1. Initial High Costs for Advanced Systems: Advanced electronic weighing machines with innovative features and connectivity may have initial high costs, which could act as a deterrent to adoption by small businesses or in cost-sensitive markets.

2. Maintaining Accuracy and Reliability in Harsh Industrial Conditions: Weighing machines in industrial applications tend to be used in harsh conditions with dust, vibration, and temperature variations, which may affect their accuracy and reliability and necessitate tough designs and calibration procedures.

3. Data Security and Integration Challenges: Merging weighing machine data into existing IT infrastructure and maintaining the security of sensitive information may be challenging and demand knowledge of weighing technology as well as IT systems.

The market for electronic weighing machines is witnessing strong growth fueled by the rising automation, the need for high quality, the requirement for data analysis, the growth of the retail and e-commerce sectors, and technological innovation. On the other hand, issues related to high upfront costs, precision in demanding environments, and data security and integration have to be overcome with cost-effective solutions, rugged designs, and easy IT integration to accelerate market growth and use in other industries.

List of Electronic Weighing Machine Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies electronic weighing machine companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the electronic weighing machine companies profiled in this report include-

  • A&D Company
  • Mettler-Toledo International
  • Doran Scales
  • Essae-Teraoka
  • Fairbanks Scales
  • Kern & Sohn
  • BONSO Electronics International
  • Shimadzu Corporation
  • Sartorius Group
  • Avery Weigh-Tronix

Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global electronic weighing machine market by type, distribution channel, and region.

Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Type [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

  • Laboratory Scale
  • Gem & Jewelry Scale
  • Retail Scale
  • Health Scale
  • Kitchen Scale
  • Others

Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Distribution Channel [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

  • Online
  • Offline

Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Region [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Electronic Weighing Machine Market

The market for electronic weighing machines is constantly evolving, supported by emerging trends in sensor technology, microelectronics, and software. Contemporary electronic weighing machines deliver much more than weight measurement alone; they include data analysis, connectivity, and automation features in a wide range of applications from retail and logistics to healthcare and industrial processes. New developments are characterized by an increased focus on precision, dependability, ease of use, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT). These each of these key economies has the distinct market patterns and adoption styles for these newer weighing technologies.

  • United States: In the United States electronic weighing machine market, the demand for heavy-duty industrial balances and retail POS systems with on-board weighing functionalities is high. Recent trends encompass the growing implementation of smart weighing scales with wireless connectivity for transfer of data as well as distant monitoring. There is an increasing emphasis too on adherence to strict industry rules, especially food and pharmaceutical ones. In addition, the expanding e-commerce has created demand for precise and high-speed weighing technology in warehousing and logistics.
  • China: China is a huge and fast-growing marketplace for electronic weighing machines, buoyed by its huge manufacturing economy and growing retail sector. Recent trends have been the spread of low-cost digital scales for domestic and business use, as well as sophisticated industrial weighing systems for production and logistics. There is also increased focus on automation and integration of weighing machines with production lines and supply chain management systems. Local manufacturers are now placing greater focus on innovation and quality enhancements.
  • Germany: German electronic weighing machine market has high focus placed upon high-capacity industrial weighing balances, lab weighing balances, and precision-measurement weighing products. Recent progress encompasses the merging of advanced sensors within weighing machine units to make measurements more precise and reliable. German manufacturers focus as well upon weighbridge-specific customization and flexible weight-measurement packages to allow flexibility in multiple weighbridge implementations. In addition to this, leading German manufactures strive to evolve high-end weight measuring machines containing latest data measurement capability and interfacing features.
  • India: India's electronic weighing machine market is in the growth stage, fueled by rising industrialization, growth in the retail sector, and government support for standardization and precision in measurements. Recent trends are the growing usage of digital weighing scales among small enterprises and the agricultural industry. There is also mounting demand for rugged and affordable industrial weighing solutions. Also, the realization of the significance of proper weighing in trade and commerce is on the rise.
  • Japan: The electronic weighing machine market in Japan is dominated by high-precision, compact scales for use in laboratories, retail, and industry. The latest trend is the miniaturization of, and high accuracy in, sensors. Additionally, there is tremendous emphasis on easy-to-use interfaces and easy integration with other systems. Japanese companies also excel in innovating to include sophisticated functions such as automatic calibration and data logging in weighing machines.

Features of the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market

Market Size Estimates: Electronic weighing machine market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Electronic weighing machine market size by type, distribution channel, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Electronic weighing machine market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different type, distribution channel , and regions for the electronic weighing machine market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the electronic weighing machine market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

  • Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the electronic weighing machine market by type (laboratory scale, gem & jewelry scale, retail scale, health scale, kitchen scale, and others), distribution channel (online and offline), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
  • Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
  • Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
  • Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
  • Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
  • Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
  • Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
  • Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
  • Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market : Market Dynamics

  • 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
  • 2.2: Supply Chain
  • 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

  • 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
  • 3.2. Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
  • 3.3: Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Type
    • 3.3.1: Laboratory Scale
    • 3.3.2: Gem & Jewelry Scale
    • 3.3.3: Retail Scale
    • 3.3.4: Health Scale
    • 3.3.5: Kitchen Scale
    • 3.3.6: Others
  • 3.4: Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Distribution Channel
    • 3.4.1: Online
    • 3.4.2: Offline

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

  • 4.1: Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Region
  • 4.2: North American Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Laboratory Scale, Gem & Jewelry Scale, Retail Scale, Health Scale, Kitchen Scale, and Others
    • 4.2.2: North American Market by Distribution Channel : Online and Offline
    • 4.2.3: The United States Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.2.4: Canadian Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.2.5: Mexican Electronic Weighing Machine Market
  • 4.3: European Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Laboratory Scale, Gem & Jewelry Scale, Retail Scale, Health Scale, Kitchen Scale, and Others
    • 4.3.2: European Market by Distribution Channel : Online and Offline
    • 4.3.3: German Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.3.4: French Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.3.5: The United Kingdom Electronic Weighing Machine Market
  • 4.4: APAC Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Laboratory Scale, Gem & Jewelry Scale, Retail Scale, Health Scale, Kitchen Scale, and Others
    • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Distribution Channel : Online and Offline
    • 4.4.3: Chinese Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.4.4: Japanese Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.4.5: Indian Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.4.6: South Korean Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.4.7: Taiwan Electronic Weighing Machine Market
  • 4.5: ROW Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Laboratory Scale, Gem & Jewelry Scale, Retail Scale, Health Scale, Kitchen Scale, and Others
    • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Distribution Channel : Online and Offline
    • 4.5.3: Brazilian Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 4.5.4: Argentine Electronic Weighing Machine Market

5. Competitor Analysis

  • 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
  • 5.2: Operational Integration
  • 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 5.4: Market Share Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

  • 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
    • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Type
    • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Distribution Channel
    • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market by Region
  • 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market
  • 6.3: Strategic Analysis
    • 6.3.1: New Product Development
    • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Electronic Weighing Machine Market
    • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

  • 7.1: A&D Company
  • 7.2: Mettler-Toledo International
  • 7.3: Doran Scales
  • 7.4: Essae-Teraoka
  • 7.5: Fairbanks Scales
  • 7.6: Kern & Sohn
  • 7.7: BONSO Electronics International
  • 7.8: Shimadzu Corporation
  • 7.9: Sartorius Group
  • 7.10: Avery Weigh-Tronix