Product Code: CH 9542
The thin-film electrode market is projected to reach USD 0.97 billion in 2030, at a CAGR of 11.3% from USD 0.57 billion in 2025.
| Scope of the Report |
| Years Considered for the Study | 2021-2030 |
| Base Year | 2024 |
| Forecast Period | 2025-2030 |
| Units Considered | Value (USD Million/Billion), Volume (Kiloton) |
| Segments | Material, Manufacturing Technology, End-Use Industry, and Region |
| Regions covered | Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and South America |
The thin-film electrode market is driven by the growing demand for miniaturized, lightweight, and high-performance electronic devices across consumer and industrial applications. As devices such as smartphones, wearables, sensors, and microchips continue to shrink in size while increasing in functionality, the need for precise, reliable, and conductive thin-film electrodes has become essential. A significant market opportunity exists in the ongoing advancements of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technologies. These innovations enable manufacturers to produce ultra-thin, uniform, and defect-free electrode films with improved scalability and material diversity.
"Boron-doped diamond was the fastest-growing material segment of the thin-film electrode market in terms of value."
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) materials are the fastest-growing segment in the thin-film electrode market due to their exceptional chemical stability, wide potential window, and resistance to fouling, which make them ideal for demanding electrochemical applications. Unlike traditional metal or carbon electrodes, BDD electrodes can operate in highly corrosive environments and under extreme potentials without degrading, enabling their use in advanced industries such as wastewater treatment, electrochemical oxidation, and environmental monitoring. The unique diamond lattice structure, doped with boron, imparts both high electrical conductivity and mechanical hardness, allowing these electrodes to maintain their performance over long operational cycles. Additionally, BDD thin films exhibit low background current and high signal sensitivity, which makes them increasingly preferred in analytical and sensing applications, including biosensors, pharmaceutical analysis, and industrial water purification systems.
"Chemical vapor deposition is the fastest-growing manufacturing facility segment of the thin-film electrode market in terms of value."
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the fastest-growing manufacturing technology in the thin-film electrode market due to its ability to produce high-purity, uniform, and conformal thin films with excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. CVD allows precise control over the film's composition, thickness, and crystal structure, which is particularly advantageous for advanced materials such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) and carbon-based electrodes. These materials require atomic-level uniformity and strong adhesion to the substrate qualities that CVD delivers more effectively than traditional techniques. As a result, the technology is becoming increasingly preferred for applications demanding extreme chemical stability and long operational lifespans, such as wastewater treatment, electrochemical oxidation, and high-performance sensing systems. Furthermore, recent innovations in plasma-enhanced and low-temperature CVD processes have enabled the deposition of thin films on temperature-sensitive and flexible substrates, thereby expanding the application of CVD in wearable sensors and biomedical devices.
"Healthcare & biotechnology is the fastest-growing end-use industry segment of the thin-film electrode market in terms of value."
The healthcare and biotechnology industry is the fastest-growing end-use segment in the thin-film electrode market, driven by the increasing demand for advanced biosensing, diagnostic, and neuroelectronic devices. Thin-film electrodes offer exceptional sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility, making them ideal for applications such as electrochemical biosensors, neural interfaces, wearable health monitors, and implantable medical devices. Their ability to detect minute biological signals and chemical reactions with high accuracy is driving their adoption in point-of-care testing, glucose monitoring, and brain-computer interface research. As healthcare systems worldwide move toward personalized and real-time diagnostics, the need for reliable, miniaturized, and non-invasive sensing technologies continues to accelerate. Advancements in biocompatible materials (like gold, platinum, and boron-doped diamond) and flexible thin-film fabrication techniques (such as low-temperature CVD and sputtering on polymer substrates) have enabled the integration of electrodes into wearable and implantable biomedical systems.
"Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing market for thin-film electrodes."
Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing region in the thin-film electrode market due to its strong industrial base, rapid technological advancements, and expanding electronics and semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem. Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are global leaders in electronics production, driving large-scale demand for high-performance thin-film electrodes used in sensors, integrated circuits, and microelectronic devices. The region also benefits from massive investments in R&D and fabrication facilities, particularly in the areas of semiconductors, biosensors, and flexible electronics, which rely heavily on thin-film electrode technologies for precision, efficiency, and miniaturization. Moreover, the growing healthcare and biotechnology sectors in countries such as India, China, and Japan are increasingly adopting thin-film electrodes for medical diagnostics, neural implants, and wearable health monitoring devices, further accelerating market growth.
In-depth interviews were conducted with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in the thin-film electrode market, and information was gathered from secondary research to determine and verify the market size of several segments.
- By Company Type: Tier 1 - 50%, Tier 2 - 30%, and Tier 3 - 20%
- By Designation: Managers - 15%, Directors - 20%, and Others - 65%
- By Region: North America - 30%, Europe - 25%, Asia Pacific - 35%, the Middle East & Africa -5%, and South America - 5%
The thin-film electrode market comprises BASi Research Products, Inc. (US), MicruX Technologies (Spain), Merck KGaA (Germany), Flex Medical Solutions Ltd (Scotland), PalmSens (Netherlands), MSE Supplies LLC (US), and Metrohm DropSens (Spain). The study includes in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the thin-film electrode market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage
This report segments the thin-film electrode market on the basis of material, manufacturing technology, end-use industry, and region, and provides estimations for the overall value of the market across various regions. A detailed analysis of key industry players has been conducted to provide insights into their business overviews, products & services, key strategies, and expansions associated with the thin-film electrode market.
Key benefits of buying this report
This research report is focused on various levels of analysis - industry analysis (industry trends), market ranking analysis of top players, and company profiles, which together provide an overall view of the competitive landscape; emerging and high-growth segments of the thin-film electrode market; high-growth regions; and market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.
The report provides insights into the following pointers:
- Analysis of drivers (Growing demand for flexible and wearable technology), restraints (Material limitations and degradation concerns), opportunities (Expanding market for flexible and transparent electronic applications), and challenges (Achieving sustained stability and biocompatibility for thin-film electrodes in practical settings), influencing the growth of the thin-film electrode market.
- Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the thin-film electrode offered by top players in the global thin-film electrode market.
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, expansions, and partnerships in the thin-film electrode market.
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets, the report analyzes the markets for the thin-film electrode market across regions.
- Market Capacity: Production capacity of the companies is provided wherever available, with upcoming capacities for the thin-film electrode market.
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of leading players in the thin-film electrode market.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SNAPSHOT
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
- 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.3.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
- 1.4 LIMITATIONS
- 1.5 STAKEHOLDERS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
- 2.1.2.2 Key primary sources
- 2.1.2.3 Key participants for primary interviews
- 2.1.2.4 Breakdown of primary interviews
- 2.1.2.5 Key industry insights
- 2.2 BASE NUMBER CALCULATION
- 2.2.1 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.2.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 2.3 GROWTH FORECAST
- 2.3.1 SUPPLY SIDE
- 2.3.2 DEMAND SIDE
- 2.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 2.4.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 2.4.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 2.5 DATA TRIANGULATION
- 2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.7 GROWTH FORECAST
- 2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT
- 2.9 FACTOR ANALYSIS
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET
- 4.2 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY MATERIAL
- 4.3 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- 4.4 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 4.5 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY COUNTRY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 Growing demand for flexible and wearable technology
- 5.2.1.2 Miniaturization in sensors and biosensors
- 5.2.1.3 Growth in renewable energy technologies
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 Elevated production costs and challenges in scaling manufacturing processes
- 5.2.2.2 Material limitations and degradation concerns
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Expanding market for flexible and transparent electronic applications
- 5.2.3.2 Potential for cost savings through adoption of carbon-based electrode materials
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 Achieving sustained stability and biocompatibility for thin-film electrodes in practical settings
- 5.3 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET
- 5.3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.3.2 CHEMICAL COMPANIES EMBRACING AI ACROSS VARIOUS BUSINESS AREAS
- 5.3.3 USE OF GENERATIVE AI IN THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET
- 5.3.4 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
- 6.3 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 6.3.1 RAW MATERIAL SOURCING
- 6.3.2 MANUFACTURING & PROCESSING
- 6.3.3 DISTRIBUTION & LOGISTICS
- 6.3.4 END-USE APPLICATIONS & UTILIZATION
- 6.4 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFFS-THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET
- 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.4.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
- 6.4.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
- 6.4.4 KEY IMPACT ON VARIOUS REGIONS
- 6.4.4.1 US
- 6.4.4.2 Europe
- 6.4.4.3 Asia Pacific
- 6.4.5 END-USE INDUSTRY IMPACT
- 6.5 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 6.5.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2021-2024
- 6.5.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF THIN-FILM ELECTRODES, BY FORM, 2021-2024
- 6.5.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF THIN-FILM ELECTRODES OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY FORM, 2021-2024
- 6.6 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
- 6.7 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 6.8 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 6.8.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.8.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 6.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 6.9.1 METHODOLOGY
- 6.9.2 PATENTS GRANTED, 2015-2024
- 6.9.3 PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS
- 6.9.4 INSIGHTS
- 6.9.5 LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS
- 6.9.6 JURISDICTION ANALYSIS
- 6.9.7 TOP APPLICANTS
- 6.9.8 LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS
- 6.10 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 6.10.1 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 831110)
- 6.10.2 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 831110)
- 6.11 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026
- 6.12 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 6.12.1 TARIFF, 2024
- 6.12.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 6.12.3 REGULATIONS RELATED TO THIN-FILM ELECTRODES
- 6.13 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 6.13.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 6.13.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 6.13.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 6.13.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 6.13.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
- 6.14 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.14.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 6.14.2 BUYING CRITERIA
- 6.15 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK
- 6.15.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECASTS, BY COUNTRY
- 6.16 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
- 6.16.1 THIN-FILM ELECTRODES FOR ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY
7 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY MATERIAL
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 METAL BASED
- 7.2.1 ADVANCING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING COMPATIBILITY
- 7.3 BORON-DOPED DIAMOND
- 7.3.1 ENABLING HIGH CHEMICAL STABILITY AND LONG-TERM ELECTROCHEMICAL PRECISION
- 7.4 CARBON BASED
- 7.4.1 SUPPORTING HIGH SURFACE AREA, FLEXIBILITY, AND EMERGING PRINTED ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS
- 7.5 OTHER MATERIALS
- 7.5.1 POLYMER BASED
- 7.5.2 OXIDE BASED
8 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
- 8.2.1 HIGH PRECISION AND SCALABILITY FOR SEMICONDUCTOR AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING
- 8.3 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
- 8.3.1 ENABLING HIGH-QUALITY CARBON-BASED AND SPECIALTY ELECTRODE COATINGS
- 8.4 ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION/ELECTROPLATING
- 8.4.1 COST-EFFECTIVE METALLIZATION FOR BATTERIES, SENSORS, AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS
- 8.5 OTHER MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
- 8.5.1 SCREEN PRINTING
- 8.5.2 PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
9 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 HEALTHCARE & BIOTECHNOLOGY
- 9.2.1 ENABLING ADVANCED MONITORING, DIAGNOSTICS, AND BIO-INTERFACE
- 9.3 ELECTRONICS & SEMICONDUCTOR
- 9.3.1 SUPPORTING MINIATURIZATION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS
- 9.4 ENERGY & POWER
- 9.4.1 ACCELERATING GROWTH IN BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
- 9.5 CHEMICAL & PETROCHEMICAL
- 9.5.1 IMPROVING PROCESS MONITORING, CORROSION DETECTION, AND REAL-TIME SENSING
- 9.6 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES
- 9.6.1 WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT
- 9.6.2 INDUSTRIAL
10 THIN-FILM ELECTRODE MARKET -REGION
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.2.1 CHINA
- 10.2.1.1 Huge electronics manufacturing and rapid semiconductor expansion innovation to drive market
- 10.2.2 JAPAN
- 10.2.2.1 Electronics leadership and advanced healthcare sector to drive market
- 10.2.3 INDIA
- 10.2.3.1 Strong policy support, expanding semiconductor and electronics base, and rising healthcare innovation collectively to drive market
- 10.2.4 SOUTH KOREA
- 10.2.4.1 Semiconductor advancement and technological innovations in electronics to drive market
- 10.2.5 TAIWAN
- 10.2.5.1 Semiconductor leadership, high-tech manufacturing, and growing applications in healthcare sector to drive market
- 10.2.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.3 NORTH AMERICA
- 10.3.1 US
- 10.3.1.1 Rising healthcare investments and rapid semiconductor expansion to drive market
- 10.3.2 CANADA
- 10.3.2.1 Growing healthcare, semiconductors, and clean energy to drive market
- 10.3.3 MEXICO
- 10.3.3.1 Rapid industrialization, robust semiconductor ecosystem, and growing healthcare and energy infrastructure to drive market
- 10.4 EUROPE
- 10.4.1 GERMANY
- 10.4.1.1 Strong semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and energy sectors to support market
- 10.4.2 FRANCE
- 10.4.2.1 Synergistic growth across semiconductors, electronics, and healthcare to strengthen by large-scale investments
- 10.4.3 UK
- 10.4.3.1 Focus on healthcare innovation, semiconductor expansion backed by strong R&D funding, and industrial collaborations
- 10.4.4 ITALY
- 10.4.4.1 Cutting-edge healthcare demand, electronics innovation, and semiconductor investment to drive market
- 10.4.5 SPAIN
- 10.4.5.1 Expanding electronics manufacturing and chemical industry to drive market
- 10.4.6 REST OF EUROPE
- 10.5 SOUTH AMERICA
- 10.5.1 BRAZIL
- 10.5.1.1 Strong government backing and thriving manufacturing base to drive market
- 10.5.2 ARGENTINA
- 10.5.2.1 Rising healthcare investment, renewable energy initiatives, and broader transition toward advanced materials and high-tech manufacturing to drive market
- 10.5.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
- 10.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 10.6.1 SAUDI ARABIA
- 10.6.1.1 Expanding renewable projects and healthcare industries to drive market
- 10.6.2 UAE
- 10.6.2.1 Huge investments in renewable energy and healthcare innovation to drive market
- 10.6.3 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES
- 10.6.4 SOUTH AFRICA
- 10.6.4.1 Expanding renewable energy projects and advanced healthcare applications to drive market
- 10.6.5 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION
- 11.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN (JANUARY 2021-AUGUST 2025)
- 11.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
- 11.3.1 MARKET SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS
- 11.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021-2025
- 11.5 BRAND COMPARISON
- 11.5.1 BASI RESEARCH PRODUCTS, INC
- 11.5.2 MICRUX TECHNOLOGIES
- 11.5.3 MERCK KGAA
- 11.5.4 FLEX MEDICAL SOLUTIONS LTD
- 11.5.5 METROHM DROPSENS
- 11.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 11.6.1 STARS
- 11.6.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 11.6.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 11.6.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 11.6.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 11.6.5.1 Company footprint
- 11.6.5.2 Region footprint
- 11.6.5.3 Material footprint
- 11.6.5.4 End-use industry footprint
- 11.6.6 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
- 11.6.6.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs, 2024
- 11.6.7 VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS OF KEY THIN-FILM ELECTRODE VENDORS
- 11.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
- 11.7.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
- 11.7.2 DEALS
- 11.7.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
12 COMPANY PROFILES
- 12.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 12.1.1 BASI RESEARCH PRODUCTS, INC
- 12.1.1.1 Business overview
- 12.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.1.3 MnM view
- 12.1.1.3.1 Right to win
- 12.1.1.3.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.1.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.2 MICRUX TECHNOLOGIES
- 12.1.2.1 Business overview
- 12.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.2.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.2.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.2.4 MnM view
- 12.1.2.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.3 MERCK KGAA
- 12.1.3.1 Business overview
- 12.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.3.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.3.4 MnM view
- 12.1.3.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.4 FLEX MEDICAL SOLUTIONS LTD
- 12.1.4.1 Business overview
- 12.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.4.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.4.4 MnM view
- 12.1.4.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.5 PALMSENS
- 12.1.5.1 Business overview
- 12.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.5.3 MnM view
- 12.1.5.3.1 Right to win
- 12.1.5.3.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.5.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.6 MSE SUPPLIES LLC
- 12.1.6.1 Business overview
- 12.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.6.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.6.3.1 Deals
- 12.1.6.3.2 Others
- 12.1.6.4 MnM view
- 12.1.6.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.6.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.6.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.7 METROHM DROPSENS
- 12.1.7.1 Business overview
- 12.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.7.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.7.4 MnM view
- 12.1.7.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.7.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.7.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
13 APPENDIX
- 13.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 13.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 13.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 13.4 RELATED REPORTS
- 13.5 AUTHOR DETAILS