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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1842454
葡萄糖二酸：市场占有率分析、产业趋势、统计、成长预测（2025-2030）Glucaric Acid - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2025 - 2030) |
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预计 2025 年全球葡萄糖酸市场价值将达到 7.8 亿美元，到 2030 年预计将达到 11.5 亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为 8.16%。
在严格的环境法规和全球对永续化学替代方案的需求推动下，葡萄糖二酸市场正获得显着发展。这一上升趋势的主要驱动力包括生物技术的进步以及在製药和食品加工领域日益广泛的应用。人们日益关注减少对石化产品的依赖，这进一步推动了市场扩张。目前，纯化形式占据市场主导地位，展现了其商业性成熟度和广泛应用。然而，膳食补充剂领域的衍生物正在兴起，预计在不久的将来会得到更快的普及。消费者对健康和保健意识的不断提高正在推动这一领域的成长。虽然清洁剂占据了主要应用领域，但受洁净标示和功能性成分需求不断增长的推动，食品应用也经历了显着的增长。这一趋势与食品生产向透明度和永续性转变的趋势相吻合。在成熟的工业基础设施和配套法规的支持下，成熟经济体继续占据最大的市场份额。然而，在快速工业化和强大的环境永续性政策倡议的推动下，亚太地区作为一个快速成长的地区正在掀起波动。该地区不断壮大的中阶人口和不断增长的可支配收入进一步推动了市场的成长。在技术创新引领和区域动态的推动下，市场即将迎来一场变革性的变革。
全球葡萄糖酸市场趋势与见解
各产业消费者对无害、无过敏原添加剂的偏好
随着对无毒、无过敏原添加剂（例如葡萄糖酸）的需求日益增长，各行各业的化学品筹资策略也发生了变化，葡萄糖酸已成为传统螯合剂的替代品。美国环保署 (EPA) 的「更安全选择」标准修正案将于2024年8月生效，该修正案将要求提高产品认证的成分透明度和生命週期分析，从而支持采用生物基替代品。这与欧盟 (EU) 指令 2024/825 一致，该指令要求对永续性标籤上的环境声明检验和第三方认证，并取消未经证实的「环保」行销声明。这些监管变化为能够证明可量化环境效益的葡萄糖酸製造商提供了优势。为了最大限度地降低责任风险并实现企业永续性目标，工业负责人正在优先考虑无毒添加剂，并将其评估标准扩展到成本之外。製药业在代谢健康产品中使用葡萄糖酸钙，并有临床研究证实其在血糖管理方面的有效性，这表明安全考虑因素如何影响定价策略。
消费者越来越关注排毒和METABOLIC INC.健康
代谢性疾病的日益普遍，催生了对葡萄糖酸衍生物（尤其是葡萄糖酸钙）的庞大市场需求。这一增长主要源于消费者对代谢健康管理意识的不断提升，以及对经科学检验的传统药物干预天然替代品的探索。葡萄糖酸化合物在调节GLP-1通路方面展现出巨大潜力，使其成为不断扩张的体重管理市场中处方药的可靠替代品。医疗保健机构正在加速将这些化合物纳入治疗方案，作为治疗各种代谢疾病的经济有效的干预措施。人口老化和糖尿病盛行率上升等同步发生的人口结构变化，为基于葡萄糖酸的健康解决方案，尤其是在预防保健和代谢支持应用领域，奠定了坚实的市场基础。例如，根据世界银行的数据，到2023年，日本65岁及以上人口的比例将达到30%，位居世界首位，其次是义大利，将达到24%。
复杂且耗能的精炼工艺
医药级和食品级葡萄糖二酸的严格纯化要求限制了市场成长，尤其对小型生物技术公司影响尤为严重。传统的纯化方法需要多个结晶步骤和严格的杂质控制措施。高昂的能源成本限制了某些地区的纯化工艺，只有能够获得负担得起的清洁能源的生产商才能从中受益。虽然电渗析和膜分离等先进技术提供了可行的替代方案，但这些方法需要大量的资本支出和专门的技术专长。在不同的原料和发酵参数中保持标准化的产品品质的复杂性为老牌製造商创造了竞争优势。此外，食品药物管理局(FDA) 和欧洲药品管理局 (EMA) 建立的法律规范要求提供全面的文檔和验证通讯协定，这给小型製造商设置了巨大的营运障碍。这些因素综合起来对葡萄糖二酸产业的市场成长轨迹和业务动态产生了重大影响。
其他驱动因素和限制因素分析
- 对无磷清洁剂的监管更加严格
- 对生物基化学品作为永续替代品的需求不断增长
- 大众市场的价格敏感度
細項分析
纯 D-葡萄糖酸的市占率将在 2024 年达到 30.88%，这得益于其在製药、工业和研究领域的重要作用，而这些领域的纯度至关重要。这一领域的扩张得益于成熟的生产技术和法规遵从性，尤其是在水处理领域。其根据《有毒物质控制法》（TSCA）的核准提供了竞争优势，尤其是在水处理领域。纯 D-葡萄糖酸的广泛应用进一步支持了对纯 D-葡萄糖酸的需求，从化学中间体到环保解决方案。此外，生产技术的进步有望提高效率并降低成本，进一步促进其在各个领域的应用。同时，预计到 2030 年，D-葡萄糖酸钙的复合年增长率将达到 9.37%，这得益于针对其药物应用和代谢健康的临床研究。与游离酸形式相比，其钙盐形式具有优异的生物利用度和稳定性，使其成为膳食补充剂的热门选择。消费者对健康和保健意识的不断提高也促进了膳食补充剂中对 D-葡萄糖酸钙的需求不断增长。
D-葡萄糖酸钾和D-葡萄糖酸钠的变体在工业应用中得到了广泛的应用，尤其是在溶解度和pH稳定性至关重要的清洁剂配方中。这些变体也因其在增强清洁剂性能方面的作用而日益普及，尤其是在硬水条件下。 D-葡萄糖酸-1,4-内酯在聚合物化学和合成反应中开闢了一个特殊的领域。其独特的化学性质使其成为高性能材料和先进製造流程的重要组成部分。 「其他」类别包括各种针对特定工业应用的新型衍生物和配方。这种市场区隔标誌着从基础化学应用向高端药品和特种产品的转变。生技公司处于领先地位，生产的衍生物不仅能提高性能，价格也更高。衍生物开发的持续创新预计将为市场成长开闢新的途径，尤其是在药物输送系统和先进工业製程等高价值应用领域。
区域分析
截至2024年，北美占据31.34%的主导市场份额，这得益于其强大的生物技术基础设施、严格的环境法规以及对永续化学的广泛接受。该地区的主要企业正在开拓基于发酵的生产技术，并获得水处理的监管核准。 《更安全选择》标准的修订和日益严格的环境合规要求，正在刺激人们对生物基替代品的稳定需求。同时，该地区成熟的製药和特种化学品领域提供了丰厚的市场机会。此外，先进的研究设施和对技术创新的高度重视进一步巩固了北美的市场地位。该地区适应不断变化的监管环境的能力及其对永续性的关注，使其成为推动生物基解决方案应用的关键参与者。
亚太地区可望迎来最高的成长轨迹，到2030年，复合年增长率将达到9.74%。这一快速成长的动力源于对研发设施的大量投资、生物基化学品的日益普及以及製药业日益增长的需求。政府支持永续化学品生产的倡议、製造商日益增强的环保意识以及从食品保鲜到个人护理等广泛的应用，进一步推动了该地区的成长。该地区庞大且快速成长的人口也推动了各行各业对永续产品的需求。此外，跨国公司日益增多以及它们与本地製造商的合作也加速了亚太地区生物基技术的开发和应用。
欧洲市场正在经历生物基化学品的激增，这得益于在严格的 REACH 法规和循环经济倡议下消费者对永续性的偏好日益增加。该地区强有力的法规结构确保了一致的品质和安全标准，进一步支持了生物基替代品的采用。此外，欧洲致力于减少碳排放和实现气候变迁目标，这也与对永续产品日益增长的需求相吻合。同时，南美洲和中东及非洲正处于采用的早期阶段，这得益于蓬勃发展的农业部门、对生物炼油厂的投资不断增加以及减少化学生产对石油依赖的共同努力。这些地区也正在探索利用其丰富的自然资源开发生物基化学品的机会，有可能成为全球市场的新兴参与者。
其他福利：
- Excel 格式的市场预测 (ME) 表
- 3个月的分析师支持
目录
第一章 引言
- 研究假设和市场定义
- 调查范围
第二章调查方法
第三章执行摘要
第四章 市场状况
- 市场概况
- 市场驱动因素
- 各产业消费者对无毒、无过敏性添加剂的偏好
- 消费者对排毒和METABOLIC INC.健康的兴趣日益浓厚
- 日益严格的无磷清洁剂法规
- 对生物基化学品作为永续替代品的需求不断增长
- 产业转向更安全、无腐蚀性的酸替代品
- 葡萄糖二酸在清洁剂和清洁产品的用途广泛
- 市场限制
- 复杂且耗能的精炼工艺
- 大众市场的价格敏感度
- 在有机溶剂中溶解度低
- 关键合成技术的专利限制
- 供应链分析
- 监理展望
- 五力分析
- 新进入者的威胁
- 购买者和消费者的议价能力
- 供应商的议价能力
- 替代品的威胁
- 竞争对手之间的竞争强度
第五章市场规模及成长预测
- 依产品类型
- 纯D-葡萄糖酸
- D-葡萄糖酸钙
- D-葡萄糖酸钾/钠
- D-葡萄糖二酸-1,4-内酯
- 其他的
- 按用途
- 食品配料
- 清洁剂
- 製药
- 其他的
- 按地区
- 北美洲
- 美国
- 加拿大
- 墨西哥
- 北美其他地区
- 欧洲
- 德国
- 英国
- 义大利
- 法国
- 西班牙
- 荷兰
- 其他欧洲国家
- 亚太地区
- 中国
- 印度
- 日本
- 澳洲
- 其他亚太地区
- 南美洲
- 巴西
- 其他南美
- 中东和非洲
- 南非
- 沙乌地阿拉伯
- 阿拉伯聯合大公国
- 其他中东和非洲地区
- 北美洲
第六章 竞争态势
- 市场集中度
- 策略倡议
- 市场排名分析
- 公司简介
- Merck KGaA
- Kalion Inc.
- Haihang Group
- Cayman Chemical Company
- NutriScience Innovations, LLC
- Rivertop Renewables
- Johnson Matthey plc
- Anmol Chemicals Pvt.Ltd
- Alfa Chemistry
- AK Scientific Inc.
- Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG
- Shanpar Industries Private Limited
- Jiaan Biotech
- Tokyo Chemicals Industry Pvt Ltd
- Geocon Products
- Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.
- Hindustan Bec Tech India Pvt. Ltd.
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
- Surfachem Group Ltd
- Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
第七章 市场机会与未来展望
The global glucaric acid market, valued at USD 0.78 billion in 2025, is expected to reach USD 1.15 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 8.16% during the forecast period.
Driven by stringent environmental regulations and a global push for sustainable chemical alternatives, the glucaric acid market is gaining significant momentum. Key drivers of this upward trend include advancements in biotechnology and an increasing application in pharmaceuticals and food processing. The growing focus on reducing dependency on petrochemical-based products further supports the market's expansion. Purified forms currently lead the market, showcasing their commercial maturity and widespread application. Yet, derivatives aimed at the health supplement segments are on the rise, with expectations of a faster adoption rate in the near future. The increasing consumer awareness regarding health and wellness is driving this segment's growth. While detergents hold the top spot in applications, there's a notable surge in food-grade uses, driven by a growing demand for clean-label and functional ingredients. This trend aligns with the broader shift toward transparency and sustainability in food production. Mature economies, bolstered by established industrial infrastructures and supportive regulations, still command the largest market share. However, the Asia-Pacific region is making waves as the fastest-growing area, propelled by swift industrialization and robust policy initiatives championing environmental sustainability. The region's expanding middle-class population and rising disposable incomes further contribute to the market's growth. With innovation at the forefront and regional dynamics in play, the market is poised for a transformative evolution.
Global Glucaric Acid Market Trends and Insights
Consumer Preference for Non-Toxic, Allergen Free Additives Across Industries
The increasing demand for non-toxic, allergen-free additives is transforming chemical procurement strategies across industries, with glucaric acid emerging as an alternative to conventional chelating agents. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Safer Choice Standard amendments, taking effect in August 2024, mandate improved ingredient transparency and lifecycle analysis for product certification, supporting the adoption of bio-based alternatives . This aligns with the European Union's Directive 2024/825, which requires verification of environmental claims and third-party certification for sustainability labels, eliminating unsubstantiated "eco-friendly" marketing claims. These regulatory changes provide advantages to glucaric acid manufacturers who can demonstrate quantifiable environmental benefits. Industrial purchasers prioritize non-toxic additives to minimize liability risks and meet corporate sustainability goals, expanding their evaluation criteria beyond cost factors. The pharmaceutical industry's use of calcium glucarate in metabolic health products illustrates how safety considerations influence pricing strategies, as supported by clinical studies that confirm its effectiveness in glucose management.
Surging Consumer Focus on Detox and Metabolic Health
The increasing prevalence of metabolic health conditions has generated substantial market demand for glucaric acid derivatives, particularly calcium glucarate. This growth is primarily attributed to consumers' heightened awareness of metabolic health management and their pursuit of scientifically validated natural alternatives to conventional pharmaceutical interventions. Glucaric acid compounds have demonstrated significant potential in modulating GLP-1 response pathways, positioning them as credible alternatives to prescription medications within the expanding weight management market. Healthcare institutions are increasingly integrating these compounds into their treatment protocols as cost-effective interventions for various metabolic disorders. The concurrent demographic shifts toward aging populations and the rising incidence of diabetes create a strong market foundation for glucaric acid-based health solutions, particularly in preventive healthcare and metabolic support applications. For instance, according to World Bank data, in 2023, Japan reported the highest proportion of individuals aged 65 or older at 30% of its population, with Italy following at 24% .
Complex and Energy-Intensive Purification Process
Stringent purification requirements for pharmaceutical and food-grade glucaric acid restrain market growth, particularly affecting smaller biotechnology companies. Traditional purification methods demand multiple crystallization steps and strict impurity control measures. High energy costs in certain regions limit purification processes, benefiting only producers with access to affordable clean energy. Although advanced technologies such as electrodialysis and membrane separation present viable alternatives, these methodologies necessitate considerable capital expenditure and specialized technical expertise. The inherent complexity of maintaining standardized product quality across diverse feedstock materials and fermentation parameters creates a competitive advantage for established manufacturing entities. Furthermore, the regulatory framework established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) mandates comprehensive documentation and validation protocols, presenting substantial operational barriers for smaller-scale producers. These combined factors significantly influence the market's growth trajectory and operational dynamics within the glucaric acid industry.
Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:
- Increasing Regulatory Push for Phosphate-Free Detergents
- Rising Demand for Bio-Based Chemicals as Sustainable Alternatives
- Price Sensitivity in Mass-Market
For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.
Segment Analysis
In 2024, pure D-glucaric acid commands a 30.88% share of the market, driven by its critical role in pharmaceuticals, industry, and research, where purity is paramount. This segment's expansion is bolstered by established production techniques and adherence to regulations, especially in water treatment. Here, approvals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) confer a competitive edge. The demand for pure D-lucaric acid is further supported by its versatility in applications, ranging from chemical intermediates to environmentally friendly solutions, which align with the growing emphasis on sustainability. Additionally, advancements in production technologies are expected to enhance efficiency and reduce costs, further driving their adoption across various segments. Meanwhile, calcium D-glucarate is on track to expand at a 9.37% CAGR through 2030, fueled by its pharmaceutical uses and clinical research focus on metabolic health. Its calcium salt form boasts superior bioavailability and stability over its free acid counterpart, making it a prime choice for dietary supplements. The increasing consumer awareness regarding health and wellness is also contributing to the rising demand for calcium-D-glucarate in dietary formulations.
Potassium and sodium-D-glucarate variants find their primary application in the industrial segments, notably in detergent formulations where both solubility and pH stability are paramount. These variants are also gaining traction due to their role in enhancing the performance of cleaning agents, particularly in hard water conditions. D-glucaric acid-1,4-lactone carves out a specialized niche in polymer chemistry and synthesis reactions. Its unique chemical properties make it an essential component in high-performance materials and advanced manufacturing processes. The 'other' category encompasses a range of emerging derivatives and tailored formulations for distinct industrial applications. This market segmentation indicates a transition from fundamental chemical uses to premium pharmaceutical and specialty products. Biotechnology firms are at the forefront, crafting derivatives that not only enhance performance but also fetch premium prices. The ongoing innovation in derivative development is expected to open new avenues for market growth, particularly in high-value applications such as drug delivery systems and advanced industrial processes.
The Global Glucaric Acid Market is Segmented by Product Type (Pure D-Glucaric Acid, Calcium-D-Glucarate, Potassium/Sodium-D-Glucarate, D-Glucaric Acid-1, 4-Lactone, and Others), by Application (Food Ingredients, Detergents, Pharmaceuticals, and Others), and by Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle East and Africa). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).
Geography Analysis
In 2024, North America commands a dominant 31.34% market share, bolstered by its robust biotechnology infrastructure, stringent environmental regulations, and a broad embrace of sustainable chemistry. Major companies in the region are pioneering fermentation-based production technologies and obtaining regulatory nods for water treatment. Modifications to the Safer Choice Standard and heightened environmental compliance demands fuel a steady appetite for bio-based alternatives. Meanwhile, the region's well-established pharmaceutical and specialty chemical segments present lucrative market opportunities. Additionally, the presence of advanced research facilities and a strong focus on innovation further strengthens North America's position in the market. The region's ability to adapt to evolving regulatory landscapes and its emphasis on sustainability make it a key player in driving the adoption of bio-based solutions.
Asia-Pacific is on track to achieve the highest growth trajectory, boasting a 9.74% CAGR through 2030. This surge is fueled by significant investments in research and development facilities, a rising embrace of bio-based chemicals, and an escalating demand from the pharmaceutical sector. Government-backed initiatives championing sustainable chemical production, heightened environmental awareness among manufacturers, and a broadened scope of applications from food preservation to personal care further bolster the region's growth. The region also benefits from its large and rapidly growing population, which drives demand for sustainable products across various industries. Furthermore, the increasing presence of global players and collaborations with local manufacturers are accelerating the development and adoption of bio-based technologies in Asia-Pacific.
European markets, navigating under stringent REACH regulations and circular economy initiatives, are witnessing a surge in bio-based chemicals, spurred by a growing consumer inclination towards sustainability. The region's strong regulatory framework ensures consistent quality and safety standards, which further encourage the adoption of bio-based alternatives. Additionally, Europe's focus on reducing carbon emissions and achieving climate goals aligns with the increasing demand for sustainable products. Meanwhile, South America and the Middle East and Africa are in the nascent stages of adoption, driven by their burgeoning agricultural sectors, escalating investments in bio-refineries, and a concerted effort to diminish reliance on petroleum for chemical production. These regions are also exploring opportunities to leverage their abundant natural resources to develop bio-based chemicals, which could position them as emerging players in the global market.
- Merck KGaA
- Kalion Inc.
- Haihang Group
- Cayman Chemical Company
- NutriScience Innovations, LLC
- Rivertop Renewables
- Johnson Matthey plc
- Anmol Chemicals Pvt.Ltd
- Alfa Chemistry
- AK Scientific Inc.
- Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG
- Shanpar Industries Private Limited
- Jiaan Biotech
- Tokyo Chemicals Industry Pvt Ltd
- Geocon Products
- Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.
- Hindustan Bec Tech India Pvt. Ltd.
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
- Surfachem Group Ltd
- Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
Additional Benefits:
- The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
- 3 months of analyst support
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Study Assumptions and Market Definition
- 1.2 Scope of the Study
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 MARKET LANDSCAPE
- 4.1 Market Overview
- 4.2 Market Drivers
- 4.2.1 Consumer Preference for Non-Toxic, Allergien Free Additives Across Industries
- 4.2.2 Surging Consumer Focus on Detox and Metabolic Health
- 4.2.3 Increasing Regulatory Push for Phosphate-Free Detergents
- 4.2.4 Rising Demand for Bio-Based Chemical as Sustinable Alternatives
- 4.2.5 Industrial Shift Towards Safer and Non-Corrosive Acid Alternatives
- 4.2.6 Wide Application of Glucaric Acid in Detergent and Cleaning Products
- 4.3 Market Restraints
- 4.3.1 Complex and Energy-Intensive Purification Process
- 4.3.2 Price Sensitivity in Mass-Market
- 4.3.3 Low Solubility in Organic Solvents
- 4.3.4 Patent Constraints in Key Synthesis Technologies
- 4.4 Supply Chain Analysis
- 4.5 Regulatory Outlook
- 4.6 Porter's Five Forces
- 4.6.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 4.6.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers
- 4.6.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.6.4 Threat of Substitute Products
- 4.6.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
5 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FORECASTS (VALUE)
- 5.1 By Product Type
- 5.1.1 Pure D-Glucaric Acid
- 5.1.2 Calcium-D-Glucarate
- 5.1.3 Potassium/Sodium-D-Glucarate
- 5.1.4 D-Glucaric Acid-1,4-Lactone
- 5.1.5 Others
- 5.2 By Application
- 5.2.1 Food Ingredients
- 5.2.2 Detergents
- 5.2.3 Pharmaceuticals
- 5.2.4 Others
- 5.3 By Geography
- 5.3.1 North America
- 5.3.1.1 United States
- 5.3.1.2 Canada
- 5.3.1.3 Mexico
- 5.3.1.4 Rest of North America
- 5.3.2 Europe
- 5.3.2.1 Germany
- 5.3.2.2 United Kingdom
- 5.3.2.3 Italy
- 5.3.2.4 France
- 5.3.2.5 Spain
- 5.3.2.6 Netherlands
- 5.3.2.7 Rest of Europe
- 5.3.3 Asia-Pacific
- 5.3.3.1 China
- 5.3.3.2 India
- 5.3.3.3 Japan
- 5.3.3.4 Australia
- 5.3.3.5 Rest of Asia-Pacific
- 5.3.4 South America
- 5.3.4.1 Brazil
- 5.3.4.2 Rest of South America
- 5.3.5 Middle East and Africa
- 5.3.5.1 South Africa
- 5.3.5.2 Saudi Arabia
- 5.3.5.3 United Arab Emirates
- 5.3.5.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa
- 5.3.1 North America
6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 6.1 Market Concentration
- 6.2 Strategic Moves
- 6.3 Market Ranking Analysis
- 6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global-level Overview, Market-level Overview, Core Segments, Financials (if available), Strategic Information, Market Rank/Share, Products and Services, Recent Developments)
- 6.4.1 Merck KGaA
- 6.4.2 Kalion Inc.
- 6.4.3 Haihang Group
- 6.4.4 Cayman Chemical Company
- 6.4.5 NutriScience Innovations, LLC
- 6.4.6 Rivertop Renewables
- 6.4.7 Johnson Matthey plc
- 6.4.8 Anmol Chemicals Pvt.Ltd
- 6.4.9 Alfa Chemistry
- 6.4.10 AK Scientific Inc.
- 6.4.11 Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG
- 6.4.12 Shanpar Industries Private Limited
- 6.4.13 Jiaan Biotech
- 6.4.14 Tokyo Chemicals Industry Pvt Ltd
- 6.4.15 Geocon Products
- 6.4.16 Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.
- 6.4.17 Hindustan Bec Tech India Pvt. Ltd.
- 6.4.18 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
- 6.4.19 Surfachem Group Ltd
- 6.4.20 Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
