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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1851430

分散式控制系统：市场占有率分析、产业趋势、统计数据和成长预测（2025-2030 年）

Distributed Control Systems - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2025 - 2030)
出版日期: | 出版商: Mordor Intelligence | 英文 120 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

预计到 2025 年，分散式控制系统市场规模将达到 227.1 亿美元，到 2030 年将达到 293.7 亿美元，复合年增长率为 5.28%，凸显了对高可靠性流程自动化的持续需求。

分散式控制系统市场-IMG1

绿色氢气生产、碳捕获计划、核能发电的增加以及製药业向连续生产模式的转变都在推动成长。供应商正在扩展软体定义架构、数位双胞胎整合和边缘连接，以释放营运效益，而规模较小的工厂则采用降低准入门槛的小型化平台。日益增长的网路安全需求、认证工程师的短缺以及半导体行业仍然存在的限制正在减缓增长速度，但并未阻碍扩张。竞争的焦点集中在预测性维护、模组化部署和订阅授权模式上，以分散资本支出。

全球分散式控制系统市场趋势与洞察

能源转型推动了对绿色氢能和碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）设施的分散式控制系统（DCS）的需求。

到2024年，绿色氢气产能将达到1,640万吨，每座新建厂部署一套复杂的控制平台，成本在200万至1,000万美元之间。分散式控制系统（DCS）架构必须能够适应间歇性再生能源，确保氢气安全，并适应电解槽效率的快速提升（预计五年内将提升20%至30%）。供应商正在将模组化控制节点打包，这些节点可根据工厂建设阶段进行扩展，使营运商无需彻底更换即可进行升级。虽然欧洲和中东地区在早期应用方面处于领先地位，但北美开发人员正在迅速发布与《通货膨胀降低法案》奖励相关的询价单（RFQ）。由于投资週期较长，2030年后仍有大量分散式控制系统市场计划正在筹备中。

核能和小型模组化反应器计划需要网路安全等级的分散式控制系统 (DCS)。

监管机构现在要求所有新核子反应炉都必须采用具有认证空气间隙控制系统（DCS）。美国美国核能管理委员会（NRC）于2025年收紧了网路安全法规，提高了认证成本，并对符合标准的平台征收了溢价。小型模组化反应器（SMR）供应商正在指定采用数位安全通道，以缩短实体布线、加快建造进度并支援远距离诊断。欧洲和中国正在标准化类似的框架，海湾国家也在增加核能机组以实现海水淡化脱碳。长达18个月或更久的认证週期阻碍了新进者，并巩固了现有供应商在分散式控制系统市场的地位。

与现代PLC/SCADA替代方案相比，初始资本支出较高。

开放式流程自动化试点计画已证实，与传统分散式控制系统（DCS）相比，成本可节省 52%，这吸引了资金紧张的中小型业者。供应商则透过订阅许可、灵活的 I/O 和预製建立库来减少硬体数量，以应对这项挑战。然而，高昂的价格仍导致东协、拉丁美洲和非洲部分地区的计划延期，使分散式控制系统市场成长放缓了 0.8 个百分点。

细分市场分析

2024年，硬体在分散式控制系统市场中占据55%的份额，这反映出终端用户偏好经过现场验证的控制器、通用I/O和冗余网路。受能源和化学品更换週期的推动，硬体分散式控制系统市场规模达125亿美元。供应商现在提供的可配置I/O切片支援在任何通道上接收类比、数位和HART讯号，从而减少高达30%的机柜数量。通用卡还支援后期设计变更，这对于面临工期紧张的EPC承包商来说极具吸引力。控制器平台能够加快绿色氢能工厂中密集PID迴路的循环速度，即使在可再生能源供电波动的情况下也能确保精度。

软体收入虽然规模不大，但正以每年 7.9% 的速度成长，这得益于营运商对分析、虚拟化和 OT-IT 融合的积极采用。嵌入历史资料层的模型预测演算法能够微调设定点，从而降低 2-5% 的能耗。虚拟化伺服器在单一虚拟机器管理程式上託管多个控制域，以便于容错移转和修补程式管理。服务组合也在不断发展：艾默生的现场工程师可确保关键绩效指标 (KPI) 的达成，而 ABB 的生命週期软体计画则包含网路安全加固和警报系统最佳化更新。

混合架构融合了中央监控节点和分散式边缘控制器，预计到2024年将占据分散式控制系统市场46%的份额。工厂可以采用这种拓扑结构，逐步迁移传统I/O，保留现有布线，并在无需全面维修的情况下添加新的分析功能。在典型的改装中，本地虚拟机器承载逻辑，而确定性乙太网路环连接现场模组，从而实现低于50微秒的延迟。混合架构也简化了网路安全区域划分，在隔离安全迴路的同时，仍允许透过安全代理进行资料存取。

随着製药、液化天然气和核能等终端用户对零计划外停机时间的需求日益增长，完全冗余、高可用性设计正以9.2%的复合年增长率快速发展。冗余设计涵盖控制器、电源、开关，甚至包括GPS同步时间戳，以确保事件顺序的准确性。西门子在奥迪生产线上展示了虚拟PLC，实现了伺服器间工作负载的迁移，且运动控制不中断。虽然集中式控制器仍然服务于涡轮机岛和间歇式消化器等确定性循环比灵活性更重要的应用场景，但随着模组化数位化工厂在新资本投资中占据主导地位，它们在分散式控制系统市场的份额正在下降。

分散式控制系统 (DCS) 市场报告按组件（硬体、软体、服务）、最终用户行业（发电、石油天然气、其他）、架构（集中式控制器系统、其他）、部署模式（本地部署、其他）、工厂规模（小型（小于 5000 个 I/O）、其他）和地区（北美、欧洲、其他）对产业进行细分。市场预测以美元计价。

区域分析

到2024年，亚太地区将占据分散式控制系统（DCS）市场38%的份额，这主要得益于中国炼油和化工产能的成长以及印度基础设施的快速发展。儘管像Supcon这样的区域供应商正在赢得城市供水和中型化学项目，但数十亿美元的液化天然气（LNG）和核能计划仍然由全球大型企业主导。北京的智慧製造计画将资助DCS数据与企业人工智慧连结的维修，从而扩大软体的普及应用。印度的生产奖励（PLI）正在促使製药和电池工厂从一开始就采用模组化、可扩展的DCS。随着弹性包装生产线和生质柴油设备的增加，东南亚将维持中等个位数的成长。

中东地区将以7.1%的复合年增长率成为成长最快的地区，这主要得益于沙乌地阿拉伯的「2030愿景」。该计画旨在实现该国40%电网的自动化，并建立绿色氢能产业丛集。海湾合作委员会（GCC）成员国已承诺投入3.1兆美元用于资本计划，每个项目都从设计初就融入了营运技术（OT）与资讯科技（IT）的整合。随着本地整合商与跨国公司合作以完成在地化指标，分散式控制系统市场的供应商生态系统正在不断扩大。

北美正在对其老化的电力和化学基础设施进行现代化改造，美国能源部和国土安全部的计画已将网路安全纳入资金筹措的先决条件。 《通膨控制法案》将奖励碳捕获和无污染燃料，而这些领域正是分散式控制系统（DCS）的重度使用者。欧洲正优先考虑永续性，其加工厂正在采用先进的分析技术来降低能耗并达到「适合55岁人群」的目标。南美洲正在投资铜和锂矿开采，并将边缘连接控制系统引入偏远地区；而非洲则正在推动海水淡化和电网升级，并将当地可再生纳入能源结构，以创造两位数以上的电力需求。

其他福利：

  • Excel格式的市场预测（ME）表
  • 3个月的分析师支持

目录

第一章 引言

  • 研究假设和市场定义
  • 调查范围

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章 市场情势

  • 市场概览
  • 市场驱动因素
    • 能源转型推动了对绿色氢能和碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）设施的分散式控制系统（DCS）的需求。
    • 核能和小型模组化反应器计划需要网路安全等级的分散式控制系统。
    • 海上浮式液化天然气计画的复杂性推动了高可靠性分散式控制系统的应用。
    • 製药连续生产推动模组化批次DCS系统的应用
    • 数位双胞胎整合DCS用于棕地预测性维护
    • 矿业远端操作中心加速边缘连接分散式控制系统
  • 市场限制
    • 与现代PLC/SCADA替代方案相比，初始投资较高
    • DCS认证工程师和生命週期服务人员短缺
    • 高效能控制器硬体所需的半导体供不应求
    • 网路安全认证和合规的漫长週期
  • 价值/供应链分析
  • 监管或技术环境
  • 波特五力分析
    • 新进入者的威胁
    • 买方的议价能力
    • 供应商的议价能力
    • 替代品的威胁
    • 竞争对手之间的竞争
  • 产业产能和投资趋势

第五章 市场规模与成长预测

  • 按组件
    • 硬体
    • 软体
    • 服务
  • 建筑设计
    • 集中式控制器系统
    • 混合/分散式混合系统
    • 全冗余高可用性系统
  • 按部署模式
    • 本地部署
    • 云端/边缘主机
  • 按行业
    • 发电业务
      • 火力发电厂
      • 可再生能源和电池储能电站
      • 核能发电厂
    • 石油和天然气
      • 上游
      • 中游
      • 下游和炼油厂
    • 化工/石油化工
    • 采矿和金属
    • 纸浆和造纸
    • 製药和生命科学
    • 饮食
    • 用水和污水
    • 其他行业
  • 按工厂规模（控制器 I/O）
    • 小规模（少于 5,000 个 I/O）
    • 中（5,000-15,000 I/O）
    • 大型（I/O少于15,000）
  • 按地区
    • 北美洲
      • 美国
      • 加拿大
    • 加勒比海
    • 南美洲
      • 巴西
      • 阿根廷
      • 其他南美洲
    • 欧洲
      • 德国
      • 英国
      • 法国
      • 义大利
      • 北欧国家
      • 其他欧洲地区
    • 中东
      • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
      • 沙乌地阿拉伯
      • 卡达
      • 其他中东地区
    • 非洲
      • 南非
      • 奈及利亚
      • 其他非洲地区
    • 亚太地区
      • 中国
      • 日本
      • 印度
      • 韩国
      • ASEAN
      • 亚太其他地区

第六章 竞争情势

  • 市场集中度
  • 策略趋势
  • 市占率分析
  • 公司简介
    • ABB Ltd.
    • Emerson Electric Co.
    • Honeywell International Inc.
    • Siemens AG
    • Yokogawa Electric Corporation
    • Schneider Electric SE
    • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
    • Rockwell Automation, Inc.
    • Valmet Oyj
    • Azbil Corporation
    • Omron Corporation
    • Novatech LLC
    • Toshiba Corporation
    • Hitachi, Ltd.
    • GE Digital（General Electric Co.）
    • Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
    • Supcon Technology Co., Ltd.
    • Hollysys Automation Technologies Ltd.
    • Endress+Hauser Group Services AG
    • BandR Industrial Automation GmbH

第七章 市场机会与未来展望

简介目录
Product Code: 52779

The distributed control systems market is valued at USD 22.71 billion in 2025 and is forecast to reach USD 29.37 billion by 2030 at a 5.28% CAGR, underscoring enduring demand for high-reliability process automation.

Distributed Control Systems - Market - IMG1

The green-hydrogen build-out, carbon-capture projects, nuclear power additions, and the pharmaceutical shift to continuous production anchor growth. Vendors are expanding software-defined architectures, digital-twin integration, and edge connectivity to unlock operational gains, while small plants adopt scaled-down platforms that lower entry costs. Rising cybersecurity requirements, shortages of certified engineers, and residual semiconductor constraints temper the pace but do not derail the expansion. Competitive momentum centers on predictive maintenance, modular deployment, and subscription licensing that spread capital outlays.

Global Distributed Control Systems Market Trends and Insights

Energy Transition Drives DCS Demand in Green Hydrogen and CCUS Facilities

Green-hydrogen capacity announcements reached 16.4 million tons in 2024 and each new plant installs sophisticated control platforms valued at USD 2-10 million. DCS architectures must handle intermittent renewable power, ensure hydrogen safety, and flex for rapid electrolyzer efficiency gains forecast at 20-30% within five years. Vendors are packaging modular control nodes that scale with plant phases, letting operators upgrade without wholesale rip-and-replace. Europe and the Middle East lead early adoption, but North American developers are quickly issuing RFQs tied to Inflation Reduction Act incentives. The long investment horizon underpins a stable pipeline of distributed control systems market projects well beyond 2030.

Nuclear and SMR Projects Requiring Cyber-secure Safety-Classified DCS

Regulators now demand air-gapped, safety-class DCS with certified redundancy for every new reactor. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission tightened cyber rules in 2025, raising qualification costs but also locking in premium pricing for compliant platforms. SMR vendors specify digital safety channels that shorten physical wiring runs, cut construction schedules, and support remote diagnostics. Europe and China are standardizing on similar frameworks, while Gulf countries add nuclear units to decarbonize desalination. Certification cycles that run 18 months or more keep new entrants out and reinforce the position of incumbent suppliers in the distributed control systems market.

High Up-front CAPEX versus Modern PLC/SCADA Alternatives

Open process automation pilots show 52% cost savings over classic DCS builds, tempting small and mid-tier operators that weigh every capital dollar Vendors counter with subscription licenses, flexible I/O, and pre-engineered libraries that trim hardware counts. Yet sticker shock still postpones projects in ASEAN, Latin America, and parts of Africa, shaving 0.8 percentage points off distributed control systems market growth.

Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:

  1. Offshore Floating LNG Complexity Elevates High-Reliability DCS Adoption
  2. Pharma Continuous Manufacturing Spurs Modular Batch DCS Installations
  3. Scarcity of DCS-Certified Engineers and Lifecycle Service Staff

For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.

Segment Analysis

Hardware retained a 55% distributed control systems market share in 2024, reflecting end-user preference for field-proven controllers, universal I/O, and redundant networks. The distributed control systems market size for hardware hit USD 12.5 billion, buoyed by replacement cycles in energy and chemicals. Vendors now ship configurable I/O slices that accept analog, digital, or HART signals on any channel, cutting cabinet counts by up to 30%. Universal cards also support late-stage design changes, a compelling feature for EPC contractors facing tight schedules. Controller platforms add fast cycle times for high-density PID loops in green hydrogen plants, safeguarding accuracy when power supply fluctuates with renewables.

Software revenue, though smaller, is rising 7.9% per year as operators embrace analytics, virtualization, and OT-IT convergence. Model-predictive algorithms embedded in historian layers fine-tune setpoints and shave energy consumption 2-5%. Virtualized servers host multiple control domains on a single hypervisor, easing failover and patch management. Service portfolios evolve as well: Emerson's factory resident engineers guarantee KPIs, while ABB's lifecycle software plans bundle cyber hardening and alarm-rationalization updates. This pivot reshapes value capture across the distributed control systems market, shifting focus from capital goods to recurring service streams.

Hybrid architectures blended centralized supervisory nodes with distributed edge controllers to secure 46% of the distributed control systems market size in 2024. Plants adopt this topology to migrate legacy I/O in phases, preserve wiring, and layer new analytics without wholesale rip-and-replace. In a typical retrofit, on-premise virtual machines host logic while deterministic Ethernet rings connect field modules, yielding latency under 50 microseconds. Hybrid layouts also simplify cybersecurity zoning, keeping safety loops isolated yet data-accessible via secure proxies.

Fully redundant high-availability designs grow fastest at 9.2% CAGR as pharma, LNG, and nuclear end-users mandate zero unplanned downtime. Redundancy spans controllers, power, switches, and even GPS-synchronized time stamps to maintain sequence-of-events accuracy. Siemens demonstrated a virtual PLC in a production Audi line that migrated workloads between servers without interrupting motion control. Centralized controllers still serve turbine islands and batch digesters where deterministic cycles trump flexibility, but their share of the distributed control systems market declines as modular digital plants dominate new capex.

Distributed Control System (DCS) Market Report Segments the Industry Into by Component (Hardware, Software, Services), by End-User Vertical (Power Generation, Oil & Gas, and More), Architecture (Centralized Controller Systems and More), Deployment Model(On-Premise and More), Plant Size(Small ( Less Than 5000 I/O) and More) and Geography (North America, Europe, and More). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific held 38% share of the distributed control systems market in 2024, anchored by China's refining and chemicals capacity and India's rapid infrastructure build-out. Regional suppliers like Supcon win municipal water and mid-tier chemical jobs, yet global majors still dominate multi-billion-dollar LNG and nuclear projects. Beijing's smart-manufacturing program funds retrofits that couple DCS data with enterprise AI, expanding software pull-through. India's PLI incentives spur pharmaceutical and battery plants that specify modular, scalable DCS from day one. Southeast Asian economies add flexible packaging lines and biodiesel units, sustaining mid-single-digit growth.

The Middle East posts the fastest 7.1% CAGR, powered by Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, which automates 40% of the kingdom's grid and builds green-hydrogen clusters. GCC states commit to USD 3.1 trillion in capital projects, each embedding OT-IT convergence from design. Local integrators partner with multinationals to meet localization quotas, broadening the vendor ecosystem within the distributed control systems market.

North America modernizes aging power and chemicals infrastructure, embedding cybersecurity as a funding prerequisite under DOE and DHS programs. The Inflation Reduction Act funnels incentives to carbon capture and clean fuels, both heavy DCS users. Europe emphasizes sustainability; process plants deploy advanced analytics to trim energy and comply with Fit-for-55 targets. South America invests in copper and lithium mining that uses edge-connected control for remote sites, while Africa rolls out desalination and grid upgrades blending local renewables, creating pockets of double-digit demand.

  1. ABB Ltd.
  2. Emerson Electric Co.
  3. Honeywell International Inc.
  4. Siemens AG
  5. Yokogawa Electric Corporation
  6. Schneider Electric SE
  7. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
  8. Rockwell Automation, Inc.
  9. Valmet Oyj
  10. Azbil Corporation
  11. Omron Corporation
  12. Novatech LLC
  13. Toshiba Corporation
  14. Hitachi, Ltd.
  15. GE Digital (General Electric Co.)
  16. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
  17. Supcon Technology Co., Ltd.
  18. Hollysys Automation Technologies Ltd.
  19. Endress+Hauser Group Services AG
  20. BandR Industrial Automation GmbH

Additional Benefits:

  • The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
  • 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Study Assumptions and Market Definition
  • 1.2 Scope of the Study

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 MARKET LANDSCAPE

  • 4.1 Market Overview
  • 4.2 Market Drivers
    • 4.2.1 Energy Transition Drives DCS Demand in Green Hydrogen and CCUS Facilities
    • 4.2.2 Nuclear and SMR Projects Requiring Cyber-secure Safety-Classified DCS
    • 4.2.3 Offshore Floating LNG Complexity Elevates High-Reliability DCS Adoption
    • 4.2.4 Pharma Continuous Manufacturing Spurs Modular Batch DCS Installations
    • 4.2.5 Digital-Twin-Integrated DCS for Predictive Maintenance in Brownfields
    • 4.2.6 Remote Operations Centres in Mining Accelerate Edge-Connected DCS
  • 4.3 Market Restraints
    • 4.3.1 High Up-front CAPEX versus Modern PLC/SCADA Alternatives
    • 4.3.2 Scarcity of DCS-Certified Engineers and Lifecycle Service Staff
    • 4.3.3 Semiconductor Supply Crunch for High-Performance Controller Hardware
    • 4.3.4 Lengthy Cyber-security Certification and Compliance Cycles
  • 4.4 Value / Supply-Chain Analysis
  • 4.5 Regulatory or Technological Outlook
  • 4.6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 4.6.1 Threat of New Entrants
    • 4.6.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 4.6.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 4.6.4 Threat of Substitute Products
    • 4.6.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
  • 4.7 Industry Capacity and Investment Trends

5 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FORECASTS (VALUE)

  • 5.1 By Component
    • 5.1.1 Hardware
    • 5.1.2 Software
    • 5.1.3 Services
  • 5.2 By Architecture
    • 5.2.1 Centralized Controller Systems
    • 5.2.2 Hybrid / Distributed Hybrid Systems
    • 5.2.3 Fully Redundant High-Availability Systems
  • 5.3 By Deployment Model
    • 5.3.1 On-Premise
    • 5.3.2 Cloud / Edge-Hosted
  • 5.4 By Industry Vertical
    • 5.4.1 Power Generation
      • 5.4.1.1 Thermal Power Plants
      • 5.4.1.2 Renewable and Battery Storage Plants
      • 5.4.1.3 Nuclear Power Plants
    • 5.4.2 Oil and Gas
      • 5.4.2.1 Upstream
      • 5.4.2.2 Midstream
      • 5.4.2.3 Downstream and Refineries
    • 5.4.3 Chemicals and Petrochemicals
    • 5.4.4 Mining and Metals
    • 5.4.5 Pulp and Paper
    • 5.4.6 Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences
    • 5.4.7 Food and Beverage
    • 5.4.8 Water and Wastewater
    • 5.4.9 Other Industries
  • 5.5 By Plant Size (Controller I/O)
    • 5.5.1 Small ( greater than 5 000 I/O)
    • 5.5.2 Medium (5 000 - 15 000 I/O)
    • 5.5.3 Large (less than 15 000 I/O)
  • 5.6 By Geography
    • 5.6.1 North America
      • 5.6.1.1 United States
      • 5.6.1.2 Canada
    • 5.6.2 Caribbean
    • 5.6.3 South America
      • 5.6.3.1 Brazil
      • 5.6.3.2 Argentina
      • 5.6.3.3 Rest of South America
    • 5.6.4 Europe
      • 5.6.4.1 Germany
      • 5.6.4.2 United Kingdom
      • 5.6.4.3 France
      • 5.6.4.4 Italy
      • 5.6.4.5 Nordics
      • 5.6.4.6 Rest of Europe
    • 5.6.5 Middle East
      • 5.6.5.1 UAE
      • 5.6.5.2 Saudi Arabia
      • 5.6.5.3 Qatar
      • 5.6.5.4 Rest of Middle East
    • 5.6.6 Africa
      • 5.6.6.1 South Africa
      • 5.6.6.2 Nigeria
      • 5.6.6.3 Rest of Africa
    • 5.6.7 Asia-Pacific
      • 5.6.7.1 China
      • 5.6.7.2 Japan
      • 5.6.7.3 India
      • 5.6.7.4 South Korea
      • 5.6.7.5 ASEAN
      • 5.6.7.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • 6.1 Market Concentration
  • 6.2 Strategic Moves
  • 6.3 Market Share Analysis
  • 6.4 Company Profiles {(includes Global level Overview, Market level overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Market Rank/Share for key companies, Products and Services, and Recent Developments)}
    • 6.4.1 ABB Ltd.
    • 6.4.2 Emerson Electric Co.
    • 6.4.3 Honeywell International Inc.
    • 6.4.4 Siemens AG
    • 6.4.5 Yokogawa Electric Corporation
    • 6.4.6 Schneider Electric SE
    • 6.4.7 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
    • 6.4.8 Rockwell Automation, Inc.
    • 6.4.9 Valmet Oyj
    • 6.4.10 Azbil Corporation
    • 6.4.11 Omron Corporation
    • 6.4.12 Novatech LLC
    • 6.4.13 Toshiba Corporation
    • 6.4.14 Hitachi, Ltd.
    • 6.4.15 GE Digital (General Electric Co.)
    • 6.4.16 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
    • 6.4.17 Supcon Technology Co., Ltd.
    • 6.4.18 Hollysys Automation Technologies Ltd.
    • 6.4.19 Endress+Hauser Group Services AG
    • 6.4.20 BandR Industrial Automation GmbH

7 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

  • 7.1 White-Space and Unmet-Need Assessment