本地能源市场 (LEM) 以实现更大的可再生能源部署、电网稳定性和更高的投资回报率

本地能源市场 (LEM) 是一个受地域限制的自动化电力交易平台。自动化的 LEM 平台促进了多个买家和卖家之间的点对点 (P2P) 或第三方聚合器交易，目的是平衡电网特定部分的供需。此外，增加电池储能係统的使用可以显着减少电网进出口。因此，存储显着减少了 LEM 和电网之间的交易数量，有助于增强电网稳定性。

本报告探索本地能源市场 (LEM)，审查 LEM 功能，通过 LEM 提高电网灵活性，促进 DER 集成，并使投资者能够实现更高的投资回报率。我们提供有关机会的信息。

内容

前言

背景

建议

地方能源市场机制（LEM）

DER 集成的增加带来了重大的输配电挑战

• 随着渗透率的提高，可再生 DER 可能会扰乱正常的经济分配并导致净负荷鸭曲线

设计良好的 LEM 有助于消除鸭曲线并减少清洁能源

• 允许 DR 交易可以实现基于市场的减少
• 动态相位切换可稳定配电网络并实现基于拥塞的缓解

LEM 为产消者和分销商带来经济效益

• LEM 抵消了电力支出对电网灵活性的影响
• LEM 可以推迟网络容量升级

LEM 试点案例研究提供了重要的经验教训

• 美国：Brooklyn Microgrid
• 德国：Pebbles Project
• 荷兰：Hoog Dalem Stedin Pilot Project
• 英国：Cornwall Project

LEM 的引入，在适当的指导下，将加速能源转型

A local energy market (LEM) is a geographically constrained, automated platform for trading electricity. The market platform is composed of physically proximate consumers and producers of electricity-prosumers-who trade and consume locally-produced energy from distributed energy resources (DER) using the existing distribution network.

An automated LEM platform facilitates trading-either peer-to-peer (P2P) or through third-party aggregators-between multiple buyers and sellers with the goal of balancing supply and demand in a particular part of the distribution grid. Additionally, the increased utilization of battery energy storage systems significantly reduces grid exports and imports. In turn, storage substantially reduces the number of transactions between the LEM and the distribution network, contributing to enhanced grid stability.

This report reviews LEM functionality and describes opportunities for using LEMs to provide greater grid flexibility, facilitate increased integration of DER, and help investors realize greater ROI

Table of Contents

Spark

Context

Recommendations

How Local Energy Markets Work

Increased DER Integration Raises Significant Transmission and Distribution Challenges

• At Greater Penetrations, Renewable DER Can Disrupt Normal Economic Dispatch, Causing a Net-load Duck Curve

Properly Designed, LEMs Can Help Solve the Duck Curve and Reduce Curtailment of Clean Energy

• Permitting DR Trading Reduces Market-based Curtailment
• Dynamic Phase Switching Stabilizes Distribution Networks and Reduces Congestion-based Curtailment

LEMs Produce Financial Benefits for Prosumers and Distribution Utilities

• LEMs Offset Utility Expenditures on Grid Flexibility
• LEMs Can Defer Network Capacity Upgrades

Case Studies of LEM Pilot Projects Provide Critical Lessons

• USA: Brooklyn Microgrid
• Germany: Pebbles Project
• Netherlands: Hoog Dalem Stedin Pilot Project
• UK: Cornwall Project

LEM Deployments Will Speed the Energy Transition, with Proper Guidance

List of Tables

• DER Versus Centralized Generation Capacity, World Markets: 2022-2031

California Wholesale Energy Market Net-load Duck Curve

Typical All-India Demand vs. Net Peak-day Demand

DSO CAPEX Budgets: Example from Australian DSO with High DER Penetration

Simplified Schematic Demonstrating How a Typical LEM Works

Net Electricity Demand in the Netherlands by Month, 2016-2021

List of Figures

• DER Versus Centralized Generation Capacity, World Markets: 2022-2031

California Wholesale Energy Market Net-load Duck Curve

Typical All-India Demand vs. Net Peak-day Demand

DSO CAPEX Budgets: Example from Australian DSO with High DER Penetration

Simplified Schematic Demonstrating How a Typical LEM Works

Net Electricity Demand in the Netherlands by Month, 2016-2021