稳定的融资策略：储能专案成功的关键

本报告分析了目前市场上流行的建设和货币化合约类型以及与之相关的各种融资风险。 用于主要 UES（公用事业规模储能）和 C&I（商业和工业）系统的合约 - 包括太阳能光伏加储能项目、无线替代方案 (NWA)、虚拟发电厂和恢復服务。收入合约分析。 它还解释了与储能项目建设相关的各种技术、营运、建设和利润风险，以及政府的支持激励措施。 它还包括有关 NHOA 和 Pivot Power 在开发最新电池系统专案时使用的最佳实践和合约的资讯。

目录

火花

上下文

建议

公用事业和工业正在部署电池储能係统，以满足容量需求和资源充足性

• UES 的用途
• 工商业电池储存的应用

专案业主力求透过建设-转让和买卖协议最大限度地降低施工风险

建筑和开发合约业主现在可以以更大的控制力和最小的风险签订专案开发协议

• PSA
• EPC 或统包合约
• 案例研究：NHOA Energy 的 Kwinana 项目
• BTA

购电协议/租赁/商业收入协议为当今市场上的专案所有者和承购商提供了各种好处

• PPA
• 商家服务
• 租赁
• 定价合约

UES和工商业储能係统的收入来源和交易结构将随着时间的推移而发展

PPA 和商家收入是企业规模 ESS 最喜欢的交易类型

• 公用事业规模的太阳能发电加存储
• IPP
• 用于输配电资产优化的整合 NWA
• 对欧洲电网规模电池储存专案的雄心勃勃的投资

工商业储能係统依赖灾难復原计画和透过批发聚合商提供的辅助服务来产生收入

• 需求费用管理
• VPP
• 恢復/备份服务

了解融资风险和现有监管环境可提高专案安全性

• 技术风险
• 案例研究：Pivot Power 的混合电池系统
• 施工风险
• 业务风险
• 收益风险

电池系统所有者越来越多地选择保险解决方案来保护他们的投资

监管状况、税收抵免和政府激励措施

• 美国的奖励措施
• 欧洲激励措施

This study analyzes the types of construction and monetization contracts prevalent in today's market and the various financing risks associated with them. It provides an analysis of the deal structures and revenue contracts used for major UES and C&I systems such as solar plus storage projects, non-wires alternatives, virtual power plants, and resiliency services. It also explains the various technology, operations, construction, and revenue risks associated with building a battery project and the supporting government incentives. Also included are best practices and contracts utilized by NHOA and Pivot Power in developing their recent battery system projects.

Table of Contents

Spark

Context

Recommendations

Utilities and Industries Are Deploying Battery Energy Storage Systems to Fulfil Capacity Requirements and Resource Adequacy

UES Applications

C&I Battery Storage Applications

Project Owners Are Looking to Minimize Construction Risks through Build-Transfer and Purchase and Sale Agreements

Construction and Development Contract Owners Can Now Enter Project Development Contracts with Greater Control and Minimal Risks

PSA

EPC or Turnkey Contract

Case Study: NHOA Energy's Kwinana Project

BTA

PPAs, Leases, and Merchant Revenue Contracts Offer Various Benefits to Project Owners and Off-Takers in Today's Market

PPAs

Merchant Services

Leases

Tolling Agreements

The Revenue Streams and Deal Structures for UES and C&I Storage Systems Are Evolving Over Time

PPAs and Merchant Revenue Are the Most Preferred Types of Deals for Utility-Scale ESSs

Utility-Scale Solar Plus Storage

IPPs

Integrated NWAs for T&D Asset Optimization

Europe's Ambitious Investments in Grid-Scale Battery Storage Projects

C&I Battery Storage Systems Rely on DR Programs and Ancillary Services Through Wholesale Aggregators to Generate Revenue

Demand Charge Management

VPPs

Resiliency and Backup Services

Understanding Financing Risks and the Existing Regulatory Landscape Increases Project Security

Technology Risks

Case Study: Pivot Power's Hybrid Battery System

Construction Risks

Operating Risks

Revenue Risks

Battery System Owners Are Increasingly Opting for Insurance Solutions to Safeguard Their Investments

Regulatory Landscape, Tax Credits, and Government Incentives

US Incentives

European Incentives

List of Tables

Scale of Projects and Deals in the Utility-Scale Market Segment

Project and Deal Scale in the C&I Market

Range of Monthly Electric Demand Charges Across States ($/kW per Month)

List of Figures

An Illustration of FTM and BTM Battery Storage Systems

Overview of Project Development and Monetization Contracts

Types of Project Development Contracts between Owners and Developers

Deal Structures and Revenue Streams for UES systems

Deal Structures and Revenue Streams in the C&I Segment