2023-2030 年全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1351020

2023-2030 年全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场

Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market 2023-2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Orion Market Research | 英文 110 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格

预计全球 FECG 监视器市场在预测期内将以 7.0% 的复合年增长率显着增长。支持市场扩张的主要因素包括人们对胎儿监测及其益处的认识不断提高,以及全球医疗保健基础设施的过度支出。电子胎儿监视器持续监测婴儿的心跳,通常在分娩过程中使用,以确保婴儿在分娩过程中不会缺氧,因为缺氧会导致脑损伤。因此,在医疗保健可近性不断改善的新兴经济体中,对先进监测设备的需求大幅增加。例如,2021 年 2 月进行了一项研究,旨在调查在印度比哈尔邦地区医院实施 Moyo 胎儿心率监测仪 (FHRM) 的可行性。该研究旨在确定实施 Moyo FHRM 的障碍和促进因素,并评估产科和新生儿结果数据的可靠性。

细分市场前景

全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场根据其类型、应用、技术和最终用户细分进行分类。根据其类型,市场分为便携式和固定式。在考虑应用时,细分市场包括医院、诊所和家庭使用。此外,市场根据技术进一步划分,包括直接接触式和非接触式两类。根据最终用户,市场分为医院药房、零售药房和网路药房。在该类型细分市场中,便携式子细分市场由于其远端操作的非凡便利性预计将占据相当大的市场份额。

预计固定子细分市场在预测期内将显着成长

在便携式细分市场中,固定式细分市场预计在预测期内将显着成长。这种增长归因于多种因素,包括由于其便利性而在医院环境中越来越多地采用此类监视器。在先进的医疗设施中,固定式胎儿监视器是持续监测胎儿健康的重要工具。因此,推动几家主要医疗机构整合升级且配备精良的技术监视器。例如,2022 年,GE 医疗保健开始提供 Novii Wireless 固定式 FECG 监视器。 Novii 无线贴片系统是一款 FECG 监测设备,用于监测怀孕期间的胎心率。它们提供了一种分析胎心率的非侵入性方法,显示胎儿的生长和健康状况。新推出的系统是一种母婴监视器,可以非侵入性地测量和显示胎儿心率、母体心率和子宫活动。

区域展望

全球胎儿电子心电图(FECG)监视器市场根据地理区域进一步细分,包括北美(美国和加拿大)、欧洲(义大利、西班牙、德国、法国等)、亚太地区(印度、中国、日本、韩国等)以及世界其他地区(中东和非洲以及拉丁美洲)。其中,由于完善的医疗基础设施以及先进医疗技术的日益采用,预计欧洲市场在预测期内将大幅成长。同时,在不断改善的医疗设施和不断增长的医疗支出的推动下,亚太地区的全球胎儿电子心电图(FECG)监视器市场预计将大幅成长。

北美地区预计将在全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场中占据重要份额

北美地区预计将在全球胎儿电子心电图(FECG)监视器市场中占据重要份额。区域胎儿心电监视器市场的成长主要是由于胎儿监护在医疗保健实践中相对较高的普及率以及先进医疗设施的存在。

市场参与者展望

全球 FECG 监视器市场的主要公司包括: FUJIFILM Corp.、GE HealthCare Technologies Inc.、Mindray、Koninklijke Philips NV、Siemens Healthineers 等。这些市场参与者透过各种策略积极促进市场成长,包括併购、合作、合作、融资和新产品发布,以保持其在市场上的竞争力。例如,2021 年 7 月,德州妇女儿童馆与 PeriGen 合作进行了一个项目,在非洲马拉威的一家医院内实施 PeriWatch Vigilance 自动预警系统。这项创新系统旨在持续监测母婴讯息,旨在避免潜在的併发症并减少与分娩相关的死亡人数。

报告涵盖:

  • 2022年市场价​​值数据分析及2030年预测。
  • 每个细分市场的年化市场收入(百万美元)。
  • 主要地理区域的国家分析。
  • 全球 FECG 监测仪市场的主要公司。根据现有数据,报告中还提供了与新产品发布相关的资讯以及相关新闻。
  • 透过确定未来强劲成长的关键细分市场来分析业务策略。
  • 市场进入和市场扩张策略分析。
  • 透过识别市场中「谁的立场」来制定竞争策略。

目录

第 1 章:报告摘要

  • 目前行业分析及成长潜力展望
  • 研究方法和工具
  • 市场区隔
    • 按细分
    • 按地区

第 2 章:市场概述与见解

  • 报告范围
  • 分析师见解和当前市场趋势
    • 主要发现
    • 建议
    • 结论

第 3 章:竞争格局

  • 主要公司分析
  • FUJIFILM Corp.
    • 概述
    • 财务分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近的发展
  • GE HealthCare Technologies Inc.
    • 概述
    • 财务分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近的发展
  • Mindray
    • 概述
    • 财务分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近的发展
  • Koninklijke Philips NV
    • 概述
    • 财务分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近的发展
  • Siemens Healthineers
    • 概述
    • 财务分析
    • SWOT分析
    • 最近的发展
  • 关键策略分析

第 4 章:市场细分

  • 按类型分類的全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场
    • 便携的
    • 固定式
  • 全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监视器市场(按应用)
    • 医院
    • 诊所
    • 家庭使用
  • 全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 监测技术市场
    • 直接联繫
    • 非接触式
  • 全球胎儿电子心电图 (FECG) 依分销管道监测市场
    • 医院药房
    • 零售药局
    • 网路药局

第 5 章:区域分析

  • 北美洲
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
  • 欧洲
    • 英国
    • 德国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙
    • 法国
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 亚太
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 世界其他地区

第 6 章:公司简介

  • Advanced Instruments
  • Analogic
  • Arjo
  • Bionet Co., Ltd.
  • BISTOS Co., Ltd.
  • Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd.
  • EDAN Instruments, Inc.
  • Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd.
  • Innomed Medical Inc.
  • MedGyn Products, Inc.
  • Mediana Co., Ltd.
  • Natus Medical Inc.
  • Neoventa Medical AB
  • Shenzhen Comen Medical Instruments Co., Ltd.
  • Sonicaid Ltd.
  • Spacelabs Healthcare, Inc.
  • Sunray Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd.
Product Code: OMR2027620

Title: Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type (Portable and Stationary), by Application (Hospitals, Clinics, and Home Use), by Technology (Direct Contact and Non-contact), and by End-User (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, and Online Pharmacies),Forecast Period (2023-2030).

The global FECG monitors market is projected to grow at a significant CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period. The primary factor supporting the market expansion includes the rising awareness about fetal monitoring and its benefits along with excessive spending in healthcare infrastructure around the globe. Electronic fetal monitoring continuously monitors a baby's heartbeat, often used during labor to ensure that babies do not lack of oxygen during labor, as it results in brain damage. Consequently, there is a considerable increase in demand for advanced monitoring devices several in emerging economies where healthcare access is improving. For instance, in February 2021, a study was conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of implementing the Moyo fetal heart rate monitor (FHRM) in district hospitals of Bihar state, India. The study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of Moyo FHRM and assess the reliability of obstetrical and neonatal outcome data.

Segmental Outlook

The global fetal electronic cardiodiagram (FECG) monitors market is categorized based on its type, application, technology, and end-user segments. Based on its type, the market is divided into portable and stationary. When considering the application, the market segments include hospitals, clinics, and home use. Moreover, the market is further divided based on technology which includes direct contact and non-contact categories. Based on the end-user, the market is sub-segmented into hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies. Among the type segment, portable sub-segment is anticipated to capture a substantial market share, owing to its extraordinary convenience of remote operating.

Stationary Sub-Segment is Expected to Experience Significant Growth During the Forecast Period

Among the portable sub-segment, the stationary sub-segment is expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period. This growth is attributed to factors including the increased adoption of such monitors in hospital settings owing to its convenience offered. In advanced medical facilities, stationary fetal monitors are essential tools for continuous monitoring of fetal health. Thus, pushed several major healthcare organizations to integrate upgraded and well-equipped technological monitors. For instance, in 2022. GE Healthcare started providing Novii Wireless stationary FECG monitors. The Novii Wireless Patch System is a FECG monitoring device used for monitoring the FHR during pregnancy. They provide a non-invasive method of analyzing the fetal heart rate, indicating the growth and well-being of the fetus. The newly introduced system is a maternal/fetal monitor that non-invasively measures and displays fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, and uterine activity.

Regional Outlook

The global fetal electronic cardiodiagram (FECG) monitors market is further segmented based on geographical regions, including North America (the US and Canada), Europe (Italy, Spain, Germany, France, and others), Asia-Pacific (India, China, Japan, South Korea, and others), and the Rest of the World (the Middle East & Africa, and Latin America). Among these, the Europe market is expected to experience substantial growth over the forecast period owing to well-established healthcare infrastructure coupled with the increasing adoption of advanced medical technologies. Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to witness considerable growth in the global fetal electronic cardiodiagram (FECG) monitors market, driven by continuously improving healthcare facilities and rising healthcare spending.

The North American region is expected to hold a significant share in the global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors market

The North American region is expected to hold a significant share in the global fetal electronic cardiodiagram (FECG) monitors market. The regional FECG monitor market growth is primarily bolstering due to a comparatively high prevalence of fetal monitoring in healthcare practices and the presence of advanced medical facilities.

Market Players Outlook

Major companies operating in the global FECG Monitors market include: FUJIFILM Corp., GE HealthCare Technologies Inc., Mindray, Koninklijke Philips N.V., Siemens Healthineers, and others. These market players are actively contributing to market growth through various strategies, including mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, collaborations, funding, and new product launches, in order to maintain their competitiveness in the market. For instance, in July 2021, in partnership with PeriGen, the Texas Children's Pavilion for Women has undertaken a project to implement the PeriWatch Vigilance automated early warning system within a hospital located in Malawi, Africa. This innovative system is designed to consistently monitor maternal and fetal information, aiming to avert potential complications and reduce childbirth-related fatalities.

The Report Covers:

  • Market value data analysis of 2022 and forecast to 2030.
  • Annualized market revenues ($ million) for each market segment.
  • Country-wise analysis of major geographical regions.
  • Key companies operating in the global FECG monitors market. Based on the availability of data, information related to new product launches, and relevant news is also available in the report.
  • Analysis of business strategies by identifying the key market segments positioned for strong growth in the future.
  • Analysis of market-entry and market expansion strategies.
  • Competitive strategies by identifying 'who-stands-where' in the market.

Table of Contents

1. Report Summary

  • Current Industry Analysis and Growth Potential Outlook
  • 1.1. Research Methods and Tools
  • 1.2. Market Breakdown
    • 1.2.1. By Segments
    • 1.2.2. By Region

2. Market Overview and Insights

  • 2.1. Scope of the Report
  • 2.2. Analyst Insight & Current Market Trends
    • 2.2.1. Key Findings
    • 2.2.2. Recommendations
    • 2.2.3. Conclusion

3. Competitive Landscape

  • 3.1. Key Company Analysis
  • 3.2. FUJIFILM Corp.
    • 3.2.1. Overview
    • 3.2.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.2.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.2.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.3. GE HealthCare Technologies Inc.
    • 3.3.1. Overview
    • 3.3.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.3.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.4. Mindray
    • 3.4.1. Overview
    • 3.4.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.4.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.5. Koninklijke Philips N.V.
    • 3.5.1. Overview
    • 3.5.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.5.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.6. Siemens Healthineers
    • 3.6.1. Overview
    • 3.6.2. Financial Analysis
    • 3.6.3. SWOT Analysis
    • 3.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 3.7. Key Strategy Analysis

4. Market Segmentation

  • 4.1. Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market by Type
    • 4.1.1. Portable
    • 4.1.2. Stationary
  • 4.2. Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market by Application
    • 4.2.1. Hospitals
    • 4.2.2. Clinics
    • 4.2.3. Home Use
  • 4.3. Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market by Technology
    • 4.3.1. Direct Contact
    • 4.3.2. Non-contact
  • 4.4. Global Fetal Electronic Cardiodiagram (FECG) Monitors Market by Distribution Channel
    • 4.4.1. Hospital Pharmacies
    • 4.4.2. Retail Pharmacies
    • 4.4.3. Online Pharmacies

5. Regional Analysis

  • 5.1. North America
    • 5.1.1. United States
    • 5.1.2. Canada
  • 5.2. Europe
    • 5.2.1. UK
    • 5.2.2. Germany
    • 5.2.3. Italy
    • 5.2.4. Spain
    • 5.2.5. France
    • 5.2.6. Rest of Europe
  • 5.3. Asia-Pacific
    • 5.3.1. China
    • 5.3.2. India
    • 5.3.3. Japan
    • 5.3.4. South Korea
    • 5.3.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 5.4. Rest of the World

6. Company Profiles

  • 6.1. Advanced Instruments
  • 6.2. Analogic
  • 6.3. Arjo
  • 6.4. Bionet Co., Ltd.
  • 6.5. BISTOS Co., Ltd.
  • 6.6. Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd.
  • 6.7. EDAN Instruments, Inc.
  • 6.8. Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd.
  • 6.9. Innomed Medical Inc.
  • 6.10. MedGyn Products, Inc.
  • 6.11. Mediana Co., Ltd.
  • 6.12. Natus Medical Inc.
  • 6.13. Neoventa Medical AB
  • 6.14. Shenzhen Comen Medical Instruments Co., Ltd.
  • 6.15. Sonicaid Ltd.
  • 6.16. Spacelabs Healthcare, Inc.
  • 6.17. Sunray Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd.

LIST OF TABLES

  • 1. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 2. GLOBAL PORTABLE FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 3. GLOBAL STATIONARY FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 4. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 5. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR HOSPITALS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 6. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR CLINICS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 7. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR HOME USE MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 8. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 9. GLOBAL DIRECT CONTACT FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 10. GLOBAL NON-CONTACT FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 11. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 12. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN HOSPITAL PHARMACIES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 13. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN RETAIL PHARMACIES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 14. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN ONLINE PHARMACIES MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 15. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY REGION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 16. NORTH AMERICAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 17. NORTH AMERICAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 18. NORTH AMERICAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 19. NORTH AMERICAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 20. NORTH AMERICAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 21. EUROPEAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 22. EUROPEAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 23. EUROPEAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 24. EUROPEAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 25. EUROPEAN FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 26. ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 27. ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 28. ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 29. ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 30. ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 31. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 32. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TYPE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 33. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 34. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 35. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)

LIST OF FIGURES

  • 1. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 2. GLOBAL PORTABLE FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 3. GLOBAL STATIONARY FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 4. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 5. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR HOSPITALS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 6. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR CLINICS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 7. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS FOR HOME USE MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 8. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 9. GLOBAL DIRECT CONTACT FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 10. GLOBAL NON-CONTACT FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 11. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 12. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN HOSPITAL PHARMACIES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 13. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN RETAIL PHARMACIES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 14. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS IN ONLINE PHARMACIES MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 15. GLOBAL FECG MONITORS MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2022 VS 2030 (%)
  • 16. US FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 17. CANADA FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 18. UK FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 19. FRANCE FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 20. GERMANY FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 21. ITALY FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 22. SPAIN FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 23. REST OF EUROPE FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 24. INDIA FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 25. CHINA FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 26. JAPAN FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 27. SOUTH KOREA FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 28. REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)
  • 29. REST OF THE WORLD FECG MONITORS MARKET SIZE, 2022-2030 ($ MILLION)