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终极ITS－5G时代自动驾驶汽车：市场、标准化、技术
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1578996

终极ITS－5G时代自动驾驶汽车：市场、标准化、技术

Ultimate ITS - Autonomous Car in 5G Era: Markets, Standardization, Technologies
出版日期: | 出版商: PracTel, Inc. | 英文 265 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

儘管无法成功预测每一代行动技术将提供哪些功能来满足未来用户的需求，但业界仍就 5G 通讯的用例达成了一些共识。 M2M 通讯就是其中之一。 5G 目的是实现物联网，在未来，所有线上事物都将悄悄地相互传递资料并传递到中央电脑。

透过连网和自动驾驶汽车、远端控制工业机器人、远距医疗系统和智慧城市基础设施来促进行动网路的使用预计也将在 5G 思维中得到大量体现。业界的普遍想法是，他们希望 5G 解决的不是他们今天遇到的问题，而是几年后可能阻碍他们发展的问题。

本报告对全球汽车产业进行了调查和分析，提供了智慧交通系统（ITS）的发展现状、标准化进展、连网汽车趋势以及无人驾驶汽车的发展状况等资讯。

目次

第1章 简介

  • 概要
  • 报告目标
  • 调查范围
  • 调查方法
  • 目标受众

第2章 ITS：完美之路

  • 回复
  • 构造
  • ITS主要技术
  • ITS的主要子系统 - 无人驾驶汽车的基础知识
  • ITSの标准化：进行中
    • 概要
    • ETSI - 欧洲
    • 米国
    • 国际
    • 摘要
  • 智慧交通系统的用途
    • V2V、V2I
    • 智慧型汽车
  • 智慧交通系统市场统计资料
    • 概要
    • 估计

第3章 连网汽车

  • 概要 - 定义
    • 促进要因
  • 代替案：技术
    • 连网汽车 - 5.9GHz DSRC
      • AutoTalks
      • Cohda Wireless
      • Delphi
      • Harman
      • Kapsch
      • NXP
      • Siemens
      • Qualcomm
      • u-blox
    • 连网汽车 - 蜂巢技术
  • 连网汽车 - 功能
    • 两种技术 - 两种观点
    • 主要用途
    • 政策
    • 选择
    • 机能技术
    • 网路需求
    • 市场：连网汽车
    • 业界
      • AT&T
      • Airbiquity Inc.
      • Apple
      • Broadcom
      • Ericsson
      • Ficosa
      • GM
      • MobilEye (Intel Company)
      • Nokia
      • Qualcomm
      • Streetline
      • Verizon
      • Visteon
      • Wind River
      • Zubie

第4章 连网汽车 - 产业协会与标准化

  • 工业组织
    • Open Automotive Alliance
    • 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars
    • Apple - iOS in the Car
    • GSMA Connected Car Forum
    • Car Connectivity Consortium
  • 标准和法规
    • 调整
    • EU
    • U.S.
    • WWW Consortium
    • SAE

第5章 5G时代

  • 5G时间表（3GPP-ITU）
  • 贡献者
  • 5G 活动调查
    • NGMN Ltd - C-V2X 支持者
    • 5G-PPP（5G 公私部门合作）
    • 5G Americas
    • GSMA
    • Verizon 5G Technology Forum（TF）
    • 3GPP - New Radio（NR）

第6章 5G 技术 - 主要特点

  • 展望未来
  • 有希望的方向
    • 要件
    • 共同观点
    • 未来 - 从今天开始
  • 问题
  • 用例
    • 概述 - 功能
    • 行动宽频
    • 自动车
    • 智慧社会

第7章 自动驾驶汽车的演进

  • 共同成长
  • 方向与挑战
  • 进阶驾驶辅助系统
  • 现状 - 法律与保险
    • 米国
    • 英国
    • 中国
    • 德国
  • 主要优点
  • 解决方案
  • 市场预测与价格
  • 阶段
    • 所需特征
  • 工业、研究与开发
    • 汽车製造商
    • 研发与竞争
    • 新创
  • 标准化
    • NHTSA
    • SAE International
    • IEEE
    • AECC
    • 中国标准
    • 摘要
  • 新冠肺炎（COVID-19）：自动驾驶汽车开发的影响
    • 主要变化

第8章 LiDAR

  • 概要
    • 类别
    • 典型特征
  • 结构与功能
    • 与其他感测器的比较
  • 感测器和恶劣天气
  • 业界
    • AEye
    • Aeva
    • Analog Devices
    • ASC
    • Baraja
    • Cepton
    • Hesai
    • Ibeo (subsidiary of SICK AG)
    • Innoviz
    • Lasertel (a Leonardo Company)
    • Luminar
    • Lumibird
    • LeddarTech
    • Newsight Vision
    • Neuvition
    • On Semiconductor
    • Quanergy
    • Robosense
    • Valeo
    • Velodyne
    • Waymo (Alphabet)
    • XenomatiX
    • 中国汽车雷射雷达产业
  • 光达的优点和局限性
  • 市场

第9章 结论

附录一：自动驾驶汽车/连网汽车专利检索（2018-2024）

附录二：汽车雷射雷达专利检索（2018-2024）

附录三：在汽车创新者的支持下，FCC 对Auto Safety Spectrum Rules进行投票（2024年 7月）

The goal of this report is to:

  • Analyze current trends in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) development
  • Address the progress in the ITS standardization
  • Analyze technological and marketing ITS specifics
  • Address the connected car trend
  • Analyze the connected car technologies and marketing specifics; identify major industry players and their portfolios
  • Present the current status of the driverless car development
  • Analyze marketing and technological driverless car specifics
  • Analyze the lidar technologies and market as well as the industry for automotive applications
  • Show how communications industry is preparing for the 5G era, emphasizing the role of 5G mobile communications in supporting the driverless car development. The driverless car is one of important 5G use cases.

Though never managing to successfully predict what each forthcoming generation of mobile technology should deliver to satisfy future users, the industry has nonetheless reached some consensus on the use cases for 5G communications. Machine to machine communications is one. 5G should enable the IoT, the future where all online-enabled objects will quietly pass on data to each other or to a central computer.

Facilitating the use of mobile networks by connected and autonomous cars, remotely controlled industrial robots, telehealth systems, and smart city infrastructure are also all expected to figure large in 5G thinking. There is a common notion the industry is hoping that 5G will solve problems we don't have today, but those that could hold us back years in the future - and one of the best examples to such a statement is a driverless car.

  • This particular report addresses the Intelligent Transportation Systems progress in reaching its ultimate goal - to make a car "intelligent" enough to safely drive without a human participation. It also updates the status of a driverless car development in connection with transition to the 5G era: the industry identified driverless cars as most viable form of ITS, dominating the roadways by 2040 and sparking dramatic changes in vehicular travel. The report discusses the specifics of the 5G era as they are seen by the industry at the present time with emphasis on what 5G technologies can bring to a driverless car.
  • Such a car was considered by many as a scientists' dream only 10-15 years ago; now it is a reality and all predictions are that driverless cars will hit the roads in 6-8 years. Fully developed driverless car needs support of communications systems evolving in the transition to 5G; and these two developments are interrelated - a driverless car becomes a 5G use case.

The report provides overview of the current status of the driverless car development, pictures the future steps, which the industry is planning, analyzes roadblocks, and emphasizes the importance of standardization - several organizations are working in this area. The analysis concentrates on technological and marketing aspects of driverless cars and also on the status of the industry.

The survey of driverless cars projects currently underway is conducted; as well as the survey of related patents (2018-2024). Initial marketing statistics are developed.

  • The detailed analysis of two important parts of a driverless car - lidar (one of the critical components of ADAS) and the communications gear - "connected car" - is performed. The survey of recent auto lidar patents is also performed.

A driverless car, for simplicity, may be described as a combination of a connected car and ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems); and other parts. The ADAS important part is driverless car "eyes" - an instrument that can "see" surroundings and provide the information to the car for the analysis and taking relevant actions. One of most promising technologies that makes cars "to see" is lidar, which is composed of laser and other parts. The report provides the detailed analysis of lidar technical and marketing characteristics and the survey of the industry.

The detailed analysis of connected cars specifics, standardization, technical characteristics and economics are presented in this report. The companies - contributors to the connected car market development - are identified and their portfolios are analyzed.

The report also compares two main directions in vehicle communications:

  • C-V2X - Cellular - based
  • 802.11p/DSRC/WAVE- based

By 2024, based on the analysis of the FCC recent decisions and opinions in the industry, C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) is emerging as the dominant technology over WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments), which is based on DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications). The shift towards C-V2X has been driven by several factors:

  • 1. Regulatory Support: The FCC has been actively supporting C-V2X, including approving waivers for its use in the 5.9 GHz band.
  • 2. Technological Advancements: C-V2X leverages 4G and 5G networks, offering greater range and reliability compared to DSRC.
  • 3. Global Adoption: Countries like China are leading the way, with significant investments and a national strategy for C-V2X. By 2025, it's expected that 50% of new cars in China will have C-V2X pre-installed.

This trend indicates that C-V2X is likely to become the standard for vehicle communication, enhancing safety and efficiency on the roads.

The report also emphasizes the importance of 5G mobile networking as a basis for the driverless car ITS revolution. With "ultimate" ITS, it is expected that safety on the roads will be drastically improved and the society will be free from massive number of injuries and deaths on the roads as well as from damages to the economy due to accidents and traffic jams.

A preliminary evaluation of the COVID-19 impact on the driverless car industry development is presented.

In general, the 2024 situation with driverless car development shows that the optimism of the 2015-2019 period when many industry analysts predicted L4/L5 driverless cars commercialization is a today event changed to more realism - we are still far away from the fully driverless environment.

The report is intended to technical and managerial staff involved in the advanced ITS development; and for specialists in communications technologies who support such a development.

Table of Contents

1.0. Introduction

  • 1.1. Overview
  • 1.2. Report Goal
  • 1.3. Report Scope
  • 1.4. Research Methodology
  • 1.5. Target Audience

2.0. ITS: Roads to Perfection

  • 2.1. Response
  • 2.2. Structure
  • 2.3. ITS Key Technologies
  • 2.4. ITS Main Subsystems - Driverless Car Foundation
  • 2.5. ITS Standardization: In Progress
    • 2.5.1. Overview
    • 2.5.2. ETSI - Europe
    • 2.5.3. U.S.
      • 2.5.3.1. General
      • 2.5.3.2. National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP)
    • 2.5.4. International
      • 2.5.4.1. General
      • 2.5.4.2. ITU
    • 2.5.5. Summary
  • 2.6. ITS Applications
    • 2.6.1. V2V and V2I
    • 2.6.2. Intelligent Vehicles
  • 2.7. ITS Market Statistics
    • 2.7.1. General
    • 2.7.2. Estimate

3.0. Connected Car

  • 3.1. General - Definition
    • 3.1.1. Driving Forces
  • 3.2. Alternatives: Technologies
    • 3.2.1. Connected Car - 5.9 GHz DSRC
      • 3.2.1.1. Background
        • 3.2.1.1.1. Recent Developments
      • 3.2.1.2. Efforts - History
      • 3.2.1.3. Place
      • 3.2.1.4. Structure and Protocols
      • 3.2.1.5. Requirements
      • 3.2.1.6. Milestones
      • 3.2.1.7. IEEE 802.11p
        • 3.2.1.7.1. General
        • 3.2.1.7.2. Objectives and Status
        • 3.2.1.7.3. ASTM Contributions
        • 3.2.1.7.4. Characteristics - Benefits
        • 3.2.1.7.5. Issues
      • 3.2.1.8. IEEE 1609
        • 3.2.1.8.1. General
        • 3.2.1.8.2. Overview
        • 3.2.1.8.3. IEEE 1609 in Use
      • 3.2.1.9. ETSI ITS-G5 - Major Features
      • 3.2.1.10. ISO and DSRC
      • 3.2.1.11 5.9. GHz DSRC Components and Procedures
        • 3.2.1.11.1. Components
        • 3.2.1.11.2. Procedures
      • 3.2.1.12. Major Applications
        • 3.2.1.12.1. EPS
      • 3.2.1.13. Spectrum - DSRC
        • 3.2.1.13.1. Channels Designation
      • 3.2.1.14. Services
        • 3.2.1.14.1. Major Services
        • 3.2.1.14.2. Service Categories/QoS
        • 3.2.1.14.3. Service Requirements
      • 3.2.1.15. Summary: 5.9 GHz DSRC Characteristics
      • 3.2.1.16. Market Segment
        • 3.2.1.16.1. Market Drivers
        • 3.2.1.16.2. Market Requirements
        • 3.2.1.16.3. Market Estimate
      • 3.2.1.17. Industry
        • 3.2.1.17.1. Industry Coalition
        • 3.2.1.17.2. Recent Progress
        • 3.2.1.17.3. Vendors
          • AutoTalks
          • Cohda Wireless
          • Delphi
          • Harman
          • Kapsch
          • NXP
          • Siemens
          • Qualcomm
          • u-blox
      • 3.2.1.18. Enhancing 802.11p - 802.11bd
    • 3.2.2. Connected Car - Cellular Technologies
      • 3.2.2.1. General
      • 3.2.2.2. 3GPP Activities
        • 3.2.2.2.1. D2D Communications
        • 3.2.2.2.2. C-V2X Broadcast
        • 3.2.2.2.3. Comparison
        • 3.2.2.2.4. Benefits
      • 3.2.2.3. NR V2X - Evolution of C-V2X
  • 3.3. Connected Car - Features
    • 3.3.1. Two Technologies - Two Opinions
      • 3.3.1.1. Governments
      • 3.3.1.2. Comparison - 5.9 GHz DSRC and C-V2X
      • 3.3.1.3. Latest FCC Decisions (5.9 GHz Band)
    • 3.3.2. Major Applications
    • 3.3.3. Policies
    • 3.3.4. Choices
    • 3.3.5. Functional Technologies
      • 3.3.5.1. Over the Air Updates
    • 3.3.6. Network Requirements
    • 3.3.7. Market: Connected Car
    • 3.3.8. Industry
      • AT&T
      • Airbiquity Inc.
      • Apple
      • Broadcom
      • Ericsson
      • Ficosa
      • GM
      • MobilEye (Intel Company)
      • Nokia
      • Qualcomm
      • Streetline
      • Verizon
      • Visteon
      • Wind River
      • Zubie

4.0. Connected Car - Industry Groups and Standardization

  • 4.1. Industry Groups
    • 4.1.1. Open Automotive Alliance
    • 4.1.2. 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars
    • 4.1.3. Apple - iOS in the Car
    • 4.1.4. GSMA Connected Car Forum
    • 4.1.5. Car Connectivity Consortium
  • 4.2. Standards and Regulations
    • 4.2.1. Coordination
    • 4.2.2. EU
    • 4.2.3. U.S.
    • 4.2.4. WWW Consortium
    • 4.2.5. SAE

5.0. 5G Era

  • 5.1. 5G Timetable (3GPP-ITU)
  • 5.2. Contributors
  • 5.3. 5G Activity Survey
    • 5.3.1. NGMN Ltd - Supporter of C-V2X
      • 5.3.1.1. 5G White Papers
    • 5.3.2. 5G-PPP (5G Public Private Partnership)
    • 5.3.3. 5G Americas
    • 5.3.4. GSMA
      • 5.3.4.1. GSMA Report on 5G
        • 5.3.4.1.1. Vision
        • 5.3.4.1.2. The Evolution: From 4G to 5G
        • 5.3.4.1.3. 5G Use Cases
    • 5.3.5. Verizon 5G Technology Forum (TF)
    • 5.3.6. 3GPP - New Radio (NR)

6.0. 5G Technologies - Main Features

  • 6.1. Look into Future
  • 6.2. Promising Directions
    • 6.2.1. Requirements
    • 6.2.2. Common Views
      • 6.2.2.1. 5G Spectrum
    • 6.2.3. Future - Starts Today
  • 6.3. Issues
  • 6.4. Use Cases
    • 6.4.1. General - Characteristics
    • 6.4.2. Mobile Broadband
    • 6.4.3. Automotive
    • 6.4.4. Smart Society

7.0. Evolving of Driverless Car

  • 7.1. Growing Together
  • 7.2. Directions and Issues
  • 7.3. ADAS
  • 7.4. Current Status - Legislation and Insurance
    • 7.4.1. U.S.
    • 7.4.2. The GB
      • 7.4.2.1. Details
    • 7.4.3. China
    • 7.4.4. Germany
      • 7.4.4.1. Legal framework for autonomous driving in Germany
  • 7.5. Major Benefits
  • 7.6. Solutions
  • 7.7. Market Projections and Price
  • 7.8. Phases
    • 7.8.1. Required Characteristics
  • 7.9. Industry and R&D
    • 7.9.1. Automakers
      • 7.9.1.1. Audi
        • 7.9.1.1.1. First Level 3 Car
        • 7.9.1.1.2. Progress
      • 7.9.1.2. Ford
      • 7.9.1.3. GM
      • 7.9.1.4. Nissan
      • 7.9.1.5. Daimler/Mercedes
      • 7.9.1.6. VW and AdaptIVe Consortium
      • 7.9.1.7. Volvo Cars
      • 7.9.1.8. Tesla Motors
      • 7.9.1.9. SAIC
      • 7.9.1.10. BMW
      • 7.9.1.11. Other
    • 7.9.2. R&D and Competitors
      • 7.9.2.1. Alphabet/Google - ProjectX -Waymo
        • 7.9.2.1.1. Project
        • 7.9.2.1.2. Reorganization
      • 7.9.2.2. Baidu
      • 7.9.2.3. DOTs
      • 7.9.2.4. Telecom Readiness: Driverless Car - 5G Communications
        • 7.9.2.4.1. Huawei
        • 7.9.2.4.2. Swisscom
      • 7.9.2.5. QNX
      • 7.9.2.6. Continental Automotive
      • 7.9.2.7. Nvidia
    • 7.9.3. Start-ups
      • 7.9.3.1. Cruise Automotive
      • 7.9.3.2. Induct Technologies
      • 7.9.3.3. Uber/Aurora
      • 7.9.3.4. Lyft/Toyota
      • 7.9.3.5. Nuro
      • 7.9.3.6. Aurora
      • 7.9.3.7. Poni.ai
      • 7.9.3.8. TuSimple
      • 7.9.3.9. Beep
  • 7.10. Standardization
    • 7.10.1. NHTSA
      • 7.10.1.1. Levels
    • 7.10.2. SAE International
      • 7.10.2.1. USA Preparedness
    • 7.10.3. IEEE
    • 7.10.4. AECC
    • 7.10.5. Chinese Standards
    • 7.10.6. Summary
  • 7.11. COVID-19: Impact on Driverless Car Development
    • 7.11.1. Major Changes

8.0. Lidar

  • 8.1. General
    • 8.1.1. Categories
    • 8.1.2. Typical Characteristics
  • 8.2. Structure and Functionalities
    • 8.2.1. Comparison with other Sensors
  • 8.3. Sensors and Bad Weather
  • 8.4. Industry
    • AEye
    • Aeva
    • Analog Devices
    • ASC
    • Baraja
    • Cepton
    • Hesai
    • Ibeo (subsidiary of SICK AG)
    • Innoviz
    • Lasertel (a Leonardo Company)
    • Luminar
    • Lumibird
    • LeddarTech
    • Newsight Vision
    • Neuvition
    • On Semiconductor
    • Quanergy
    • Robosense
    • Valeo
    • Velodyne
    • Waymo (Alphabet)
    • XenomatiX
    • Chinese Auto Lidar Industry
  • 8.5. Lidars Benefits and Limitations
  • 8.6. Market

9.0. Conclusions

Attachment I: Driverless/Connected Car Patents Survey (2018-2024)

Attachment II: Automotive Lidar-Patents Survey (2018-2024)

Attachment III: CC to vote on auto safety spectrum rules, backed by Auto Innovators (July of 2024)

List of Figures

  • Figure 1: Wireless Communications: ITS Environment
  • Figure 2: Europe - Standardization Organizations
  • Figure 3: U.S. - ITS Standardization Bodies
  • Figure 4: NTCIP Structure
  • Figure 5: International -Standardization Bodies - ITS
  • Figure 6: Estimate: Global Market - ITS ($B)
  • Figure 7: Estimate: ITS WICT- Global Market ($B)
  • Figure 8: ITS Equipment Sales by Regions ($B)
  • Figure 9: Connected Car - Sensors
  • Figure 10: 5.9 GHz DSRC - Frequencies Allocation and Channelization
  • Figure 11: 5.9 GHz DSRC - Modified Spectrum Proposal
  • Figure 12: Industry Cooperation
  • Figure 13: ITS-5.9 GHz DSRC - Illustration
  • Figure 14: Communications Model: WAVE
  • Figure 15: 802.11p - Communications
  • Figure 16: Signals Flow
  • Figure 17: Collision Detection/Avoidance System
  • Figure 18: Work Zone Warning
  • Figure 19: "Smart" Car
  • Figure 20: 5.9 GHz DSRC Spectrum Allocation - Worldwide
  • Figure 21: DSRC: Spectrum Allocation Details
  • Figure 22: Channel Assignment - 5.9 GHz DSRC
  • Figure 23: 5.9 GHz DSRC Transmission Characteristics and Channelization
  • Figure 24: Spectrum Details - Overlapping Wi-Fi
  • Figure 25: 5.9 GHz DSRC Services
  • Figure 26: 5.9 GHz DSRC Rate vs. Distance
  • Figure 27: 5.9 GHz DSRC Protocols - Layers
  • Figure 28: Estimate: Market Value - U.S. - 5.9 GHz DSRC ($B)
  • Figure 29: C-V2X Modes of Communications
  • Figure 30: 3GPP Schedule - Evolution of LTE-based Communications
  • Figure 31: D2D Communications - Evolution
  • Figure 32: LTE ProSe Functions - Discovery and Communications
  • Figure 33: 3GPP - C-V2X Technology Development
  • Figure 34: Connected Car Functionalities
  • Figure 35: Network Requirements - Connected Car Connectivity
  • Figure 36: Estimate - Global Market - Connected Car ($B)
  • Figure 37: Estimate: CC Global Market - Wireless Equipment Sales ($B)
  • Figure 38: Estimate - Global - Service Providers Revenue - Connected Car ($B)
  • Figure 39: Connected Car Penetration - U.S. Auto Market (%)
  • Figure 40: ITU-R Schedule and Process for IMT-2020
  • Figure 41: 3GPP - Initial Time Line - 5G Standardization
  • Figure 42: Initial Time Line - NR Development
  • Figure 43: 5G Technologies Directions
  • Figure 44: 5G - related Characteristics
  • Figure 45: 5G Use Cases - Rate of Transmission and Latency
  • Figure 46: Estimate: Driverless Cars Sold - Global (%)
  • Figure 47: Evolution Path - Driverless Car - Vision
  • Figure 48: NHTSA - Car Automation Levels
  • Figure 49: Lidar and Radar Properties
  • Figure 50: Estimate: Lidar Market Size - Global ($B)
  • Figure 51: Estimate: Automotive Lidar Market Size - Global ($B)

List of Tables

  • Table 1: ETSI G5 Characteristics
  • Table 2: Service Categories
  • Table 3: Service Requirements
  • Table 4: 5.9 GHz DSRC Characteristics
  • Table 5: 802.11p vs 802.11bd
  • Table 6: LTE - D2D and Broadcast Modes - Comparison
  • Table 7: NR V2X vs 802.11bd
  • Table 8: Major Parameters - 5.9 GHz DSRC and C-V2X
  • Table 9: 5G Network Major Characteristics
  • Table 10: 5G Use Cases
  • Table 11: Revisions
  • Table 12: Driverless Car Development - Covid-19 Impact
  • Table 13: Projections
  • Table 14: Lidar Characteristics - Automotive Applications
  • Table 15: Chinese Auto-lidar Industry
  • Table 16: Lidar and Video Camera Properties