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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1603857

到 2030 年浮体式生产系统市场预测：按产品类型、水深、材料、技术、应用、最终用户和地区进行的全球分析

Floating Production System Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Type, Water Depth, Material, Technology, Application, End User and By Geography
出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 200+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格

根据Stratistics MRC预测，2024年全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场规模将达到110亿美元，预计2030年将达到214亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为11.7%。

浮体式生产系统（FPS）是一种海上石油和天然气生产设施，设计为漂浮在水面上，允许在深海或偏远地区提取、加工和储存碳氢化合物。 FPS 装置通常固定在海底，可以是固定的，也可以是动态定位的。这些系统用于从海底储存生产石油和天然气，对于固定平台不切实际的深水和恶劣环境中的作业至关重要。

据美国能源资讯署(EIA)称，全球近海和深水油气产量预计将增加2%左右。

石油和天然气需求增加

人口成长、工业扩张和能源消耗推动全球石油和天然气需求不断增长，推动了市场的发展。随着传统土地蕴藏量的耗尽以及海洋探勘转向更深的水域，FPS 装置变得越来越重要。它能够在恶劣的深水环境中运行，再加上其灵活性和成本效益，使其对于开拓偏远和困难的油田至关重要。海上探勘和生产活动的激增继续推动市场。

维运复杂

市场复杂的营运和维护会对市场产生重大的负面影响。 FPS 装置的复杂性需要高度专业化的人员和先进的技术，从而增加了营运成本。应对恶劣天气条件和偏远地点等维护挑战可能会导致停机时间延长和维修成本更高。这种复杂性也增加了设备故障的风险，这可能会扰乱生产、推迟计划并对市场盈利产生负面影响。

探勘深度增加

海上石油和天然气探勘水深的增加正在推动市场成长。随着蕴藏量的枯竭，探勘正在进入更深、更困难的环境，而传统的固定平台在这些环境中是不切实际的。这些装置具有机动性、稳定性和在恶劣条件下运作的能力，因此适合这些深水领域。深海探勘的这些趋势刺激了对能够在更深水域中高效资源开采的先进技术的需求。

初期投资成本高

市场初始投资成本高是市场成长的主要障碍。 FPS装置的建造、安装和试运行需要大量资金，这对中小企业造成了阻碍，增加了企业的财务风险。这些高昂的前期成本，通常加上较长的计划时间表，使得很难实现快速的投资回报。因此，高资本支出可能会限制计划数量并限制整体市场扩张，特别是在油价波动的环境下。

COVID-19 的影响：

COVID-19 大流行对市场产生了重大影响，扰乱了供应链和离岸业务。停工、旅行限制和劳动力短缺导致计划进度、设备交付和维护进度延迟。此外，疫情期间油价下跌减少了对新探勘计划的投资，导致对 FPS 装置的需求下降。然而，随着产业復苏，市场预计也会復苏，重点关注更有效率、更具成本效益的 FPS 技术。

超级平台细分市场预计在预测期内规模最大

预计超级平台细分市场将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率。 Spar 平台透过多个垂直繫绳固定在海底，具有卓越的稳定性，因此非常适合恶劣环境条件下的深层油田。随着海洋探勘进入更深水域，它们支援重型生产设备并在极端天气条件下保持运作效率的能力越来越受欢迎。

预计繫锚碇系统产业在预测期间内复合年增长率最高

预计繫锚碇系统领域在预测期内复合年增长率最高。这些系统将浮体式平台固定在海床上，防止漂移并在恶劣的天气和海洋条件下保持结构的位置。根据水深、环境条件和FPS专案的特定要求，采用不同类型的锚碇系统，包括展开式、半张紧式和动力定位式。

比最大的地区

预计北美地区在预测期内将占据最大的市场占有率。随着油田老化并转向更深水域，FPS 装置提供了一种经济高效的解决方案来获取未开发的蕴藏量。此外，FPS 设计和锚碇系统的技术进步提高了营运效率。该地区强大的基础设施，加上不断增长的能源需求，继续推动 FPS 装置的采用，使该地区成为海上生产解决方案的主要市场。

复合年增长率最高的地区：

由于海上探勘的增加和技术方面的大量投资，预计亚太地区在预测期内将实现最高的成长率。全球对原油的需求不断增加，促进了海洋探勘的增加，特别是在深海地区，FPS 系统对于有效生产和运输至关重要。深水作业需要先进的技术，这增加了对 FPSO 提供碳氢化合物储存和卸载基本功能的需求4。

免费客製化服务

订阅此报告的客户将收到以下免费自订选项之一：

  • 公司简介
    • 其他市场公司的综合分析（最多 3 家公司）
    • 主要企业SWOT分析（最多3家企业）
  • 区域分割
    • 根据客户兴趣对主要国家的市场估计、预测和复合年增长率（註：基于可行性检查）
  • 竞争标基准化分析
    • 根据产品系列、地理分布和策略联盟对主要企业基准化分析

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章 前言

  • 概述
  • 相关利益者
  • 调查范围
  • 调查方法
    • 资料探勘
    • 资料分析
    • 资料检验
    • 研究途径
  • 研究资讯来源
    • 主要研究资讯来源
    • 二次研究资讯来源
    • 先决条件

第三章市场趋势分析

  • 促进因素
  • 抑制因素
  • 机会
  • 威胁
  • 技术分析
  • 应用分析
  • 最终用户分析
  • 新兴市场
  • COVID-19 的影响

第4章波特五力分析

  • 供应商的议价能力
  • 买方议价能力
  • 替代品的威胁
  • 新进入者的威胁
  • 竞争公司之间的敌对关係

第五章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：依产品类型

  • 浮体式油气生产储货运设施（FPSO）
  • 浮体式液化天然气（FLNG）
  • 张力脚平臺(TLP)
  • 晶石平台
  • 半潜式平台
  • 其他类型

第六章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：以水深划分

  • 浅水
  • 深海
  • 超深海

第七章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：依材料分类

  • 钢
  • 混凝土的
  • 复合材料

第八章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：依技术分类

  • 碳氢化合物萃取
  • 分离与加工
  • 提高采收率(EOR)
  • 锚碇系统
  • 货舱设计
  • 其他技术

第九章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：依应用

  • 海上石油生产
  • 液化天然气生产
  • 深海探勘
  • 海上天然气生产
  • 其他用途

第 10 章 全球浮体式生产系统(FPS) 市场：依最终使用者分类

  • 石油和天然气公司
  • 油田设备製造商
  • 可再生能源开发商
  • 金融/投资公司
  • 其他最终用户

第十一章全球浮体式生产系统（FPS）市场：按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 法国
    • 西班牙
    • 其他欧洲国家
  • 亚太地区
    • 日本
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 澳洲
    • 纽西兰
    • 韩国
    • 其他亚太地区
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 中东/非洲
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 卡达
    • 南非
    • 其他中东和非洲

第十二章 主要进展

  • 合约、伙伴关係、合作和合资企业
  • 收购和合併
  • 新产品发布
  • 业务拓展
  • 其他关键策略

第十三章 公司概况

  • ExxonMobil
  • Shell plc
  • BW Offshore
  • Samsung Heavy Industries
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
  • Hyundai Heavy Industries
  • FMC Technologies
  • Schlumberger
  • Fluor Corporation
  • MODEC
  • Teledyne Technologies
  • Aker Solutions
  • Siemens Energy
  • TechnipFMC
  • TotalEnergies
  • Chevron
Product Code: SMRC27879

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market is accounted for $11.0 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $21.4 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 11.7% during the forecast period. A Floating Production System (FPS) is a type of offshore oil and gas production facility that is designed to float on the surface of the water, allowing for the extraction, processing, and storage of hydrocarbons in deepwater or remote locations. FPS units are typically anchored to the seabed and can be either stationary or capable of dynamic positioning. These systems are used to produce oil and gas from underwater reservoirs and are essential for operations in deep or harsh environments where fixed platforms are impractical.

According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), global oil and gas production from offshore and deepwater sites is projected to grow by approximately 2%.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Rising demand for oil and gas

The rising global demand for oil and gas, fueled by population growth, industrial expansion, and energy consumption, is driving the market. As conventional onshore reserves deplete and offshore exploration shifts to deeper waters, FPS units are increasingly vital. Their ability to operate in harsh, deepwater environments, combined with flexibility and cost-effectiveness, makes them essential for tapping into remote and challenging oil fields. This surge in offshore exploration and production activities continues to propel the market.

Restraint:

Complex operations and maintenance

Complex operations and maintenance in the market can have significant negative effects on the market. The sophisticated nature of FPS units requires highly specialized personnel, advanced technology, which increases operational costs. Maintenance challenges, such as dealing with harsh weather conditions and remote locations, can lead to longer downtime and higher repair costs. These complexities also heighten the risk of equipment failure, which can disrupt production, delay projects, and negatively impact profitability in the market.

Opportunity:

Increasing water depths of exploration

Increasing water depths in offshore oil and gas exploration are driving the growth of the market. As reserves in shallow waters are depleted, exploration is moving to deeper and more challenging environments, where traditional fixed platforms are impractical. These units are well-suited for these deepwater fields, offering mobility, stability, and the ability to operate in extreme conditions. This trend toward deeper exploration is fueling demand for advanced technologies, enabling efficient resource extraction in deeper ocean waters.

Threat:

High initial investment costs

High initial investment costs in the market pose a significant barrier to market growth. The construction, installation, and commissioning of FPS units require substantial capital, which can deter smaller players and increase financial risks for companies. These large upfront costs are often compounded by long project timelines, making it difficult to achieve quick returns on investment. As a result, the high capital expenditure may limit the number of projects and reduce overall market expansion, particularly in volatile oil price environments.

Covid-19 Impact:

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the market, disrupting both supply chains and offshore operations. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and workforce shortages led to delays in project timelines, equipment deliveries, and maintenance schedules. Additionally, lower oil prices during the pandemic reduced investment in new exploration projects, leading to decreased demand for FPS units. However, as the industry recovers, the market is expected to rebound, with a focus on more efficient and cost-effective FPS technologies.

The spar platform segment is projected to be the largest during the forecast period

The spar platform segment is projected to account for the largest market share during the projection period. Anchored to the seabed by multiple vertical tethers, Spar platforms offer exceptional stability, making them ideal for high-depth fields in challenging environmental conditions. Their ability to support heavy production facilities and maintain operational efficiency in extreme weather makes them increasingly popular as offshore exploration moves to deeper waters.

The mooring systems segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period

The mooring systems segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the extrapolated period. These systems anchor the floating platforms to the seabed, preventing drift and maintaining the structure's position despite harsh weather or sea conditions. Various types of mooring systems, including spread, semi-tensioned, and dynamic positioning, are used depending on water depth, environmental conditions, and the specific requirements of the FPS project.

Region with largest share:

North America region is projected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period. With aging oil fields and a shift towards deeper waters, FPS units offer a cost-effective solution for accessing untapped reserves. Additionally, technological advancements in FPS designs and mooring systems are enhancing operational efficiency. The region's strong infrastructure, coupled with rising energy demands, continues to drive the adoption of FPS units, making the region a key market for offshore production solutions.

Region with highest CAGR:

Asia Pacific is expected to register the highest growth rate over the forecast period driven by increased offshore exploration and significant investments in technology. There is a rising demand for crude oil globally, prompting enhanced offshore exploration efforts, particularly in deepwater regions where FPS systems are essential for effective production and transportation. The need for sophisticated technology to operate in deeper waters enhances the demand for FPSOs, as they provide essential capabilities for storage and offloading of hydrocarbons4

Key players in the market

Some of the key players in Floating Production System (FPS) market include ExxonMobil, Shell plc, BW Offshore, Samsung Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Hyundai Heavy Industries, FMC Technologies, Schlumberger, F.luor Corporation, MODEC, Teledyne Technologies, Aker Solutions, Siemens Energy, TechnipFMC, TotalEnergies and Chevron.

Key Developments:

In September 2024, Siemens Energy has won a contract to provide a power generation plant for the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel at the 70,000 b/d Kaminho upstream project, 100km off the coast of Angola.

In April 2024, Seatrium is teaming up with UK supermajor Shell to explore and strengthen collaboration opportunities in floating production systems (FPSs), leveraging both companies' engineering capabilities and technologies.

Types Covered:

  • Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)
  • Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG)
  • Tension Leg Platform (TLP)
  • Spar Platform
  • Semi-Submersible Platform
  • Other Types

Water Depth Covered:

  • Shallow Water
  • Deep Water
  • Ultra-Deep Water

Materials Covered:

  • Steel
  • Concrete
  • Composites

Technologies Covered:

  • Hydrocarbon Extraction
  • Separation and Processing
  • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
  • Mooring Systems
  • Cargo Tank Design
  • Other Technologies

Applications Covered:

  • Offshore Oil Production
  • LNG Production
  • Deepwater Exploration
  • Offshore Gas Production
  • Other Applications

End Users Covered:

  • Oil and Gas Companies
  • Oilfield Equipment Manufacturers
  • Renewable Energy Developers
  • Financial and Investment Firms
  • Other End Users

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026, and 2030
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 Technology Analysis
  • 3.7 Application Analysis
  • 3.8 End User Analysis
  • 3.9 Emerging Markets
  • 3.10 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)
  • 5.3 Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG)
  • 5.4 Tension Leg Platform (TLP)
  • 5.5 Spar Platform
  • 5.6 Semi-Submersible Platform
  • 5.7 Other Types

6 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Water Depth

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Shallow Water
  • 6.3 Deep Water
  • 6.4 Ultra-Deep Water

7 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Material

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Steel
  • 7.3 Concrete
  • 7.4 Composites

8 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Technology

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Hydrocarbon Extraction
  • 8.3 Separation and Processing
  • 8.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
  • 8.5 Mooring Systems
  • 8.6 Cargo Tank Design
  • 8.7 Other Technologies

9 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Application

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Offshore Oil Production
  • 9.3 LNG Production
  • 9.4 Deepwater Exploration
  • 9.5 Offshore Gas Production
  • 9.6 Other Applications

10 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By End User

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Oil and Gas Companies
  • 10.3 Oilfield Equipment Manufacturers
  • 10.4 Renewable Energy Developers
  • 10.5 Financial and Investment Firms
  • 10.6 Other End Users

11 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market, By Geography

  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 North America
    • 11.2.1 US
    • 11.2.2 Canada
    • 11.2.3 Mexico
  • 11.3 Europe
    • 11.3.1 Germany
    • 11.3.2 UK
    • 11.3.3 Italy
    • 11.3.4 France
    • 11.3.5 Spain
    • 11.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 11.4 Asia Pacific
    • 11.4.1 Japan
    • 11.4.2 China
    • 11.4.3 India
    • 11.4.4 Australia
    • 11.4.5 New Zealand
    • 11.4.6 South Korea
    • 11.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 11.5 South America
    • 11.5.1 Argentina
    • 11.5.2 Brazil
    • 11.5.3 Chile
    • 11.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 11.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 11.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 11.6.2 UAE
    • 11.6.3 Qatar
    • 11.6.4 South Africa
    • 11.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

12 Key Developments

  • 12.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 12.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 12.3 New Product Launch
  • 12.4 Expansions
  • 12.5 Other Key Strategies

13 Company Profiling

  • 13.1 ExxonMobil
  • 13.2 Shell plc
  • 13.3 BW Offshore
  • 13.4 Samsung Heavy Industries
  • 13.5 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
  • 13.6 Hyundai Heavy Industries
  • 13.7 FMC Technologies
  • 13.8 Schlumberger
  • 13.9 Fluor Corporation
  • 13.10 MODEC
  • 13.11 Teledyne Technologies
  • 13.12 Aker Solutions
  • 13.13 Siemens Energy
  • 13.14 TechnipFMC
  • 13.15 TotalEnergies
  • 13.16 Chevron

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Region (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Type (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Tension Leg Platform (TLP) (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Spar Platform (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Semi-Submersible Platform (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Other Types (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Water Depth (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Shallow Water (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Deep Water (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 12 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Ultra-Deep Water (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Material (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Steel (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Concrete (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Composites (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Technology (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Hydrocarbon Extraction (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Separation and Processing (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Mooring Systems (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 22 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Cargo Tank Design (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 23 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Other Technologies (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 24 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Application (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 25 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Offshore Oil Production (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 26 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By LNG Production (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 27 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Deepwater Exploration (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 28 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Offshore Gas Production (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 29 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 30 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By End User (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 31 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Oil and Gas Companies (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 32 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Oilfield Equipment Manufacturers (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 33 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Renewable Energy Developers (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 34 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Financial and Investment Firms (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 35 Global Floating Production System (FPS) Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2022-2030) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.