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市场调查报告书
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1797967

2032 年翻新电子产品市场预测:按产品类型、状况、价格分布、分销管道、最终用户和地区进行的全球分析

Refurbished Electronics Market Forecasts to 2032 - Global Analysis By Product Type, Condition Type, Pricing Tier, Distribution Channel, End User and By Geography

出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 200+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格

根据 Stratistics MRC 的数据,全球翻新电子产品市场预计在 2025 年达到 618 亿美元,到 2032 年将达到 1,349 亿美元,复合年增长率为 11.8%。

翻新电子产品是二手经过严格测试、维修和品质修復,以达到功能和安全标准后再转售的二手设备。这些产品可能包括零件更换、软体更新和外观改进,通常由认证技术人员和授权供应商执行。翻新可以延长电子产品的生命週期,并提供一种经济高效且环保的新产品替代方案。此类解决方案在减少电子废弃物、提高经济承受能力以及支持高科技产业的循环经济原则方面发挥着重要作用。

根据 Heliyon 杂誌报导,透过分析超过 60,000 条社群媒体评论和推文以及专家访谈,确定并优先考虑了影响消费者对翻新电子产品决策的 17 个关键因素。

全球对电子废弃物及其环境影响的认识不断提高

各国政府和倡导团体正在推广循环经济模式,鼓励重复使用和回收,以减少垃圾掩埋。再生电子产品透过延长产品生命週期并最大限度地减少原材料提取,提供了永续的替代方案。这种转变在都市区市​​场尤其明显,因为那里有环保意识的消费者正在增加。此外,企业永续性目标正在推动再生IT资产的批量采购,以减少碳足迹和营运成本。

存在假冒零件或不合格维修的可能性

不受监管的供应商可能会使用品质较差的替代品或跳过必要的品质检查,从而损害设备的性能和安全性。这会削弱消费者的信任,并阻碍其重复购买,尤其是在缺乏认证框架的地区。此外,缺乏通用评级体係也使买家难以评估产品的真实性,从而造成跨境贸易摩擦,并限制了产品的扩充性。

製造商认证计划的成长

各大原始设备製造商 (OEM) 和科技品牌正在扩展其认证翻新项目,以满足消费者对价格实惠且性能可靠的电子产品日益增长的需求。这些措施包括严格测试、原厂零件更换和延长保固期,以确保产品性能接近全新。亚马逊翻新 (Amazon Renewed) 和 Apple 认证翻新 (Apple Certified Refurbished) 等平台为品质保证树立了标桿,增强了消费者信心。此外,製造商与第三方维修店之间的伙伴关係简化了供应链,并实现了规模化分销。

价格竞争,推出价格实惠的新车型

消费者可能会选择规格相似、价格相近的较新的入门级机型。这种趋势正在削弱翻新产品传统上享有的价格优势。此外,廉价设备製造商(OEM)的积极行销正在改变消费者的认知,将新设备定位为比二手更受欢迎、更可靠的选择。

COVID-19的影响:

疫情改变了消费者的消费重点,在经济不确定性和远距办公模式转变的背景下,对平价电子产品的需求激增。虽然封锁和供应链中断最初限制了翻新业务,但线上学习和在家工作的激增为笔记型电脑、平板电脑和智慧型手机创造了一个强劲的次市场。电商平台抓住了这一转变,提供翻新设备、灵活的付款方式和延长保固。

预计智慧型手机将成为预测期内最大的细分市场

由于智慧型手机的高周转率和广泛的普及,预计将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率。快速的技术创新週期和频繁的升级导致适合翻新的二手设备不断涌入。寻求以实惠的价格获得旗舰功能的消费者,尤其是在价格敏感的地区,越来越多地转向经过认证的翻新智慧型手机,这些智慧型手机可以保证稳定的供应和品质保证。

预计线上零售商和电子商务平台部分将在预测期内呈现最高的复合年增长率。

由于便利性、透明度和丰富的选择,预计线上零售商和电商平台细分市场将在预测期内实现最高成长率。这些平台正在普及翻新电子产品的购买管道,让消费者能够在家中舒适地比较价格、阅读详细的产品描述和评论,并做出明智的购买决策。主要的新兴趋势包括:先进的分类和评级系统,让买家能够清楚地了解产品的状况;以及完善的退货政策和保固计划,以增强消费者信心。

占比最大的地区:

预计亚太地区将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率。该地区人口众多,中阶迅速壮大,对他们来说,经济实惠是购买决策的关键驱动因素。这群人对高性价比电子产品(例如翻新智慧型手机和笔记型电脑)的需求庞大。此外,中国和印度等国家是主要的电子产品製造地,为二手设备打造了强大而高效的供应链。

复合年增长率最高的地区:

受永续性意识的提升和翻新生态系统日趋成熟的推动,北美地区预计将在预测期内实现最高的复合年增长率。该地区拥有强大的消费者以旧换新计划文化,确保了高品质二手设备的稳定供应。此外,製造商认证计划的主导地位也推动了翻新产品的成长,并增强了消费者的信任度和合法性。北美还拥有完善的电商基础设施,可实现无缝的线上采购和物流。

免费客製化服务:

此报告的订阅者可以使用以下免费自订选项之一:

  • 公司简介
    • 对最多三家其他市场公司进行全面分析
    • 主要企业的SWOT分析(最多3家公司)
  • 区域细分
    • 根据客户兴趣对主要国家进行的市场估计、预测和复合年增长率(註:基于可行性检查)
  • 竞争基准化分析
    • 根据产品系列、地理分布和策略联盟对主要企业基准化分析

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章 前言

  • 概述
  • 相关利益者
  • 调查范围
  • 调查方法
    • 资料探勘
    • 数据分析
    • 数据检验
    • 研究途径
  • 研究材料
    • 主要研究资料
    • 次级研究资讯来源
    • 先决条件

第三章市场走势分析

  • 驱动程式
  • 抑制因素
  • 机会
  • 威胁
  • 产品分析
  • 最终用户分析
  • 新兴市场
  • COVID-19的影响

第四章 波特五力分析

  • 供应商的议价能力
  • 买方的议价能力
  • 替代品的威胁
  • 新进入者的威胁
  • 竞争对手之间的竞争

5. 全球翻新电子产品市场(依产品类型)

  • 智慧型手机
  • 笔记型电脑和计算机
  • 平板电脑和 iPad
  • 游戏机
  • 音讯和视讯设备
  • 穿戴式装置
  • 家电
  • 网路装置
  • 其他产品类型

6. 全球翻新电子产品市场(依国家)

  • 工厂翻新
  • 卖家/第三方翻新
  • 认证二手物品
  • 已开启

7. 全球翻新电子产品市场(价格分布范围)

  • 低预算(低成本设备)
  • 中阶
  • 优质的

8. 全球翻新电子产品市场(依通路)

  • 线上零售商与电子商务平台
  • 实体店面
  • 认证再製造中心
  • 直销和以旧换新计划
  • 其他分销管道

9. 全球翻新电子产品市场(依最终用户)

  • 个人消费者
  • 公司
  • 教育机构
  • 政府和公共部门
  • 非营利组织
  • 其他最终用户

第 10 章全球翻新电子产品市场(按地区)

  • 北美洲
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 法国
    • 西班牙
    • 其他欧洲国家
  • 亚太地区
    • 日本
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 澳洲
    • 纽西兰
    • 韩国
    • 其他亚太地区
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 中东和非洲
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 卡达
    • 南非
    • 其他中东和非洲地区

第十一章 重大进展

  • 协议、伙伴关係、合作和合资企业
  • 收购与合併
  • 新产品发布
  • 业务扩展
  • 其他关键策略

第十二章 公司概况

  • Amazon Renewed
  • Apple Refurbished
  • Back Market
  • Swappa
  • TechForLess
  • JemJem
  • Gazelle
  • RefurbMe
  • Best Buy Outlet
  • eBay Refurbished
  • GreenDust
  • Electronics Bazaar
  • Gobol
  • Dgauzz
  • Minte
  • BigBuy
  • Hollasons Trading Company
Product Code: SMRC30337

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Refurbished Electronics Market is accounted for $61.8 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach $134.9 billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 11.8% during the forecast period. Refurbished Electronics Refurbished electronics are pre-owned devices that undergo rigorous testing, repair, and quality restoration to meet functional and safety standards before being resold. These products may involve component replacements, software updates, and cosmetic improvements, often performed by authorized technicians or certified vendors. Refurbishment extends the lifecycle of electronic goods, offering a cost-effective and environmentally conscious alternative to new devices. Such solutions play a vital role in reducing e-waste, enhancing affordability, and supporting circular economy principles within the tech industry.

According to journal Heliyon, a mixed-methods approach analyzing over 60,000 social media comments and tweets, along with expert interviews, identified and prioritized 17 key factors influencing consumer decisions for refurbished electronics.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Growing global awareness of electronic waste (e-waste) and its environmental impact

Governments and advocacy groups are promoting circular economy models, encouraging reuse and refurbishment to reduce landfill accumulation. Refurbished electronics offer a sustainable alternative by extending product lifecycles and minimizing raw material extraction. This shift is particularly evident in urban markets where eco-conscious purchasing is gaining traction. Additionally, corporate sustainability goals are driving bulk procurement of refurbished IT assets to reduce carbon footprints and operational costs.

Restraint:

Potential for counterfeit parts and substandard repairs

Unregulated vendors may use low-grade replacements or skip essential quality checks, compromising device performance and safety. This undermines consumer trust and deters repeat purchases, especially in regions lacking certification frameworks. Furthermore, the absence of universal grading systems makes it difficult for buyers to assess product reliability, creating friction in cross-border transactions and limiting scalability.

Opportunity:

Growth of manufacturer-certified programs

Leading OEMs and tech brands are expanding certified refurbishment programs to meet rising demand for affordable yet reliable electronics. These initiatives involve rigorous testing, genuine part replacement, and extended warranties, ensuring near-new performance. Platforms like Amazon Renewed and Apple Certified Refurbished are setting benchmarks for quality assurance, boosting consumer confidence. Moreover, partnerships between manufacturers and third-party refurbishers are streamlining supply chains and enabling large-scale distribution.

Threat:

Price competition from new, budget-friendly models

Consumers may opt for entry-level new devices that offer similar specifications at comparable prices, especially when bundled with full warranties and after-sales support. This dynamic is eroding the price advantage traditionally held by refurbished products. Additionally, aggressive marketing by budget OEMs is shifting consumer perception, positioning new devices as more aspirational and reliable than pre-owned alternatives.

Covid-19 Impact:

The pandemic reshaped consumer priorities, amplifying demand for affordable electronics amid economic uncertainty and remote work transitions. Lockdowns and supply chain disruptions initially constrained refurbishment operations, but the surge in online learning and telecommuting created a robust secondary market for laptops, tablets, and smartphones. E-commerce platforms capitalized on this shift, offering refurbished devices with flexible payment options and extended warranties.

The smartphones segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period

The smartphones segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period due to their high turnover rate and widespread usage. Rapid innovation cycles and frequent upgrades lead to a steady influx of pre-owned devices suitable for refurbishment. Consumers seeking flagship features at reduced prices are increasingly turning to certified refurbished smartphones, especially in price-sensitive regions ensuring consistent supply and quality assurance.

The online retailers & E-commerce platforms segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period

Over the forecast period, the online retailers & E-commerce platforms segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate fueled by the convenience, transparency, and vast selection they provide. These platforms have democratized access to refurbished electronics, allowing consumers to easily compare prices, read detailed product descriptions and reviews, and make informed purchasing decisions from the comfort of their homes. Key emerging trends include advanced sorting and grading systems that give buyers a clear understanding of a product's condition, as well as robust return policies and warranties that build consumer confidence.

Region with largest share:

During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share cemented by a unique combination of factors. The region is home to a massive population and a rapidly expanding middle class, for whom affordability is a key driver in purchasing decisions. This demographic profile creates an immense demand for cost-effective electronic devices like refurbished smartphones and laptops. Furthermore, the presence of major electronics manufacturing hubs in countries such as China and India contributes to a strong and efficient supply chain for used devices.

Region with highest CAGR:

Over the forecast period, the North America region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR driven by a growing awareness of sustainability and the maturation of the refurbishment ecosystem. The region has a strong culture of consumer trade-in programs, which ensures a steady supply of high-quality, pre-owned devices. The growth is further fueled by the dominance of manufacturer-certified programs, which have built trust and legitimacy around refurbished products. Additionally, North America has a well-developed e-commerce infrastructure, allowing for seamless online purchasing and logistics.

Key players in the market

Some of the key players in Refurbished Electronics Market include Amazon Renewed, Apple Refurbished, Back Market, Swappa, TechForLess, JemJem, Gazelle, RefurbMe, Best Buy Outlet, eBay Refurbished, GreenDust, Electronics Bazaar, Gobol, Dgauzz, Minte, BigBuy, and Hollasons Trading Company

Key Developments:

In April 2025, Swappa launched a mobile valuation tool allowing users to estimate the resale value of used phones and tablets instantly. The app debuted with coverage in AP News on April 24, 2025, enhancing transparency and seller confidence.

In April 2025, Back Market and iFixit launched a broad collaboration integrating iFixit's repair tutorials into Back Market's platform and selling repair toolkits. They jointly advocated for right-to-repair legislation and encouraged users to extend device lifespans. This marks a major push for circular economy and consumer empowerment.

In March 2025, Amazon announced it will cease accepting externally refurbished devices on Renewed due to high return rates and quality issues. This move aims to strengthen control over the Amazon Renewed program and improve customer trust.

Product Types Covered:

  • Smartphones
  • Laptops & Computers
  • Tablets & iPads
  • Gaming Consoles
  • Audio & Visual Equipment
  • Wearable Devices
  • Home Appliances
  • Networking Devices
  • Other Product Types

Condition Types Covered:

  • Factory Refurbished
  • Seller/Third-party Refurbished
  • Certified Pre-owned
  • Open Box

Pricing Tiers Covered:

  • Budget (Low-cost Devices)
  • Mid-range
  • Premium

Distribution Channels Covered:

  • Online Retailers & E-Commerce Platforms
  • Physical Stores
  • Authorized Refurbishment Centers
  • Direct Sales & Trade-In Programs
  • Other Distribution Channels

End Users Covered:

  • Individual Consumers
  • Enterprises
  • Educational Institutions
  • Government & Public Sector
  • Non-Profits
  • Other End Users

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2028, and 2032
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 Product Analysis
  • 3.7 End User Analysis
  • 3.8 Emerging Markets
  • 3.9 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By Product Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Smartphones
  • 5.3 Laptops & Computers
  • 5.4 Tablets & iPads
  • 5.5 Gaming Consoles
  • 5.6 Audio & Visual Equipment
  • 5.7 Wearable Devices
  • 5.8 Home Appliances
  • 5.9 Networking Devices
  • 5.10 Other Product Types

6 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By Condition Type

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Factory Refurbished
  • 6.3 Seller/Third-party Refurbished
  • 6.4 Certified Pre-owned
  • 6.5 Open Box

7 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By Pricing Tier

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Budget (Low-cost Devices)
  • 7.3 Mid-range
  • 7.4 Premium

8 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By Distribution Channel

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Online Retailers & E-Commerce Platforms
  • 8.3 Physical Stores
  • 8.4 Authorized Refurbishment Centers
  • 8.5 Direct Sales & Trade-In Programs
  • 8.6 Other Distribution Channels

9 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By End User

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Individual Consumers
  • 9.3 Enterprises
  • 9.4 Educational Institutions
  • 9.5 Government & Public Sector
  • 9.6 Non-Profits
  • 9.7 Other End Users

10 Global Refurbished Electronics Market, By Geography

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 North America
    • 10.2.1 US
    • 10.2.2 Canada
    • 10.2.3 Mexico
  • 10.3 Europe
    • 10.3.1 Germany
    • 10.3.2 UK
    • 10.3.3 Italy
    • 10.3.4 France
    • 10.3.5 Spain
    • 10.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 10.4 Asia Pacific
    • 10.4.1 Japan
    • 10.4.2 China
    • 10.4.3 India
    • 10.4.4 Australia
    • 10.4.5 New Zealand
    • 10.4.6 South Korea
    • 10.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 10.5 South America
    • 10.5.1 Argentina
    • 10.5.2 Brazil
    • 10.5.3 Chile
    • 10.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 10.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 10.6.2 UAE
    • 10.6.3 Qatar
    • 10.6.4 South Africa
    • 10.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

11 Key Developments

  • 11.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 11.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 11.3 New Product Launch
  • 11.4 Expansions
  • 11.5 Other Key Strategies

12 Company Profiling

  • 12.1 Amazon Renewed
  • 12.2 Apple Refurbished
  • 12.3 Back Market
  • 12.4 Swappa
  • 12.5 TechForLess
  • 12.6 JemJem
  • 12.7 Gazelle
  • 12.8 RefurbMe
  • 12.9 Best Buy Outlet
  • 12.10 eBay Refurbished
  • 12.11 GreenDust
  • 12.12 Electronics Bazaar
  • 12.13 Gobol
  • 12.14 Dgauzz
  • 12.15 Minte
  • 12.16 BigBuy
  • 12.17 Hollasons Trading Company

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Region (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Product Type (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Smartphones (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Laptops & Computers (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Tablets & iPads (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Gaming Consoles (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Audio & Visual Equipment (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Wearable Devices (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Home Appliances (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Networking Devices (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Other Product Types (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 12 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Condition Type (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Factory Refurbished (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Seller/Third-party Refurbished (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Certified Pre-owned (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Open Box (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Pricing Tier (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Budget (Low-cost Devices) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Mid-range (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Premium (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Distribution Channel (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 22 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Online Retailers & E-Commerce Platforms (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 23 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Physical Stores (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 24 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Authorized Refurbishment Centers (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 25 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Direct Sales & Trade-In Programs (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 26 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Other Distribution Channels (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 27 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By End User (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 28 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Individual Consumers (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 29 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Enterprises (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 30 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Educational Institutions (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 31 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Government & Public Sector (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 32 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Non-Profits (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 33 Global Refurbished Electronics Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2024-2032) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.