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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1798074
全球甲酸市场:未来预测(至 2032 年)—按生产方法、等级、应用、最终用户和地区进行的全球分析Formic Acid Market Forecasts to 2032 - Global Analysis By Production Method (Methyl Formate Hydrolysis, Carbonylation of Methanol and Bio-based Production), Grade (Grade 85%, Grade 94%, Grade 99% and Other Grades), Application, End User and By Geography |
根据 Stratistics MRC 的数据,2025 年全球甲酸市场价值为 12.4 亿美元,预计到 2032 年将达到 20.1 亿美元,预测期内复合年增长率为 7.1%。
甲酸 (HCOOH) 是最简单的羧酸,也称为甲烷,天然存在于某些植物、蜜蜂和蚂蚁的毒液中。它是一种无色液体,具有强烈的刺激性气味。它易溶于水和大多数极性有机溶剂。甲酸的工业生产主要透过甲酸甲酯的水解进行,由于其抗菌特性,它广泛用于皮革鞣製、纺织品染色、橡胶加工,并可用作牲畜饲料的防腐剂。它也可用作某些工业程中的还原剂和各种化学合成的中间体。儘管甲酸用途广泛,但它具有腐蚀性,必须小心处理,以免烧烫伤皮肤和刺激呼吸道。
根据美国化学学会的数据,2021年全球甲酸工业产量约87万吨。甲酸主要透过基于一氧化碳的甲酸甲酯水解製程等途径生产,以及作为乙酸生产中的产品。
饲料和农业需求不断成长
甲酸在现代农业中至关重要,这主要归功于其在动物饲料和青贮饲料中具有的抗菌和防腐特性。它能够抑制细菌生长并延长饲料的保质期,因此深受畜牧养殖户的青睐。作为欧洲食品安全局 (EFSA)核准的安全添加剂,随着肉类生产转向无抗生素,尤其是在北美和欧洲,甲酸的使用量急剧增加。甲酸在运输和储存过程中保持饲料品质的能力,也确保了动物健康和产量的提升。对永续农业的持续需求进一步巩固了其作为农业关键成长引擎的地位。
获得替代化学品
在许多行业中,甲酸面临来自替代酸和防腐剂(例如乙酸、丙酸和合成添加剂)的竞争。丙酸有时因其低腐蚀性和温和气味而被选用于保存牲畜饲料。其他化学品可以在皮革和纺织品加工中提供类似的pH值控制和染料固着效果,而不会引起类似的安全问题。此外,在橡胶工业的某些製程中,硫酸等凝固剂可以被替代。儘管甲酸具有诸多功能优势,但由于其易于替代且价格更具竞争力,各行业经常会重新考虑其广泛应用。
生物基生产技术的开发
绿色化学和碳中和製造趋势推动着生物基和二氧化碳衍生甲酸生产技术的研发。除了减少负面环境影响外,这些流程还支持企业实现ESG(环境、社会和管治)目标,并吸引具有环保意识的产业。各国政府透过税收优惠、补贴和绿色认证计划,鼓励永续化学品生产。此外,随着技术的进步,生物基甲酸的价格可能与传统生产产品相当,这将为全球消费和工业应用带来巨大的成长潜力。
原料供应链中的脆弱性
甲醇和一氧化碳是生产甲酸的关键原料,而天然气和原油价格波动都会对其产生影响。贸易限制、自然灾害或地缘政治衝突导致全球供应链中断,可能导致原材料短缺和价格暴涨。除了增加生产成本外,这些因素还可能迫使製造商延迟交货或暂停生产。此外,不稳定的原料供应可能会削弱消费者信心,导致某些应用中使用其他化学品取代甲酸。长期依赖波动性原料,市场稳定性和成长前景仍面临结构性威胁。
新冠疫情对甲酸市场产生了双重影响。它暂时减缓了生产并扰乱了供应链,但也开闢了新的需求管道。由于纺织、皮革和橡胶等主要终端产业受到停工和限制措施的影响,甲酸消费量下降。然而,农业部门仍保持韧性,因为需要甲酸作为饲料防腐剂来维持畜牧业的持续生产。卫生意识的提高也导致清洗剂和消毒剂的使用增加。由于疫情后的復苏、工业活动的復苏以及全球对环保化学解决方案的推动,市场出现反弹。
预测期内,甲酸甲酯水解部分预计将成为最大的部分
甲酸甲酯水解製程因其经济实惠、扩充性且适合大规模工业生产,预计将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率。该工艺透过水解甲酸甲酯(通常由甲醇和一氧化碳製成)高效地生产高纯度甲酸。全球领先的製造商因其成熟的技术、低营业成本和高转换效率而选择此製程。此外,该製程对各种生产能力的适应性以及甲醇作为主要原料的可用性进一步增强了其优势。随着化学、皮革、纺织和农业领域对甲酸的需求不断增长,甲酸甲酯水解过程仍然是全球主要的甲酸生产方法。
预计在预测期内,医药和化学中间体将以最高的复合年增长率成长。
预计在预测期内,医药和化学中间体领域将实现最高成长率,这得益于特种化学品、精细化学品和先进药物生产中对高纯度化学品日益增长的需求。甲酸是农业化学品、活性药物成分和其他特殊化合物生产中重要的中间体和还原剂。全球製药业的成长、生物製药研发的不断增加以及对精准、高品质化学合成的追求推动了甲酸的应用。此外,对高效永续化学中间体日益增长的需求,以及对更高纯度等级的严格监管,也推动了这个高价值应用领域的成长。
预计亚太地区将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率,这得益于其强大的工业基础、充足的原材料供应以及纺织、皮革、橡胶和农业领域的强劲需求。中国和印度等国家凭藉其大规模的畜牧养殖、低廉的生产成本以及蓬勃发展的出口导向皮革和纺织业,在生产和消费方面均占据主导地位。该地区粮食产量的不断增长和人口的增长也推动了动物饲料防腐对甲酸的需求。此外,政府鼓励工业扩张的计划以及对製造设施的大量投资巩固了亚太地区作为全球甲酸生产和终端消费中心的地位。
预计北美地区在预测期内将实现最高的复合年增长率,这得益于清洗、製药和农业领域对高纯度、环保化学品日益增长的需求。随着该地区向永续农业实践和无抗生素牲畜饲料转型,甲酸作为一种安全防腐剂正逐渐被认可。储氢等可再生能源应用以及在生物基生产技术开发方面的大量研发投入,也正在拓展甲酸的未来用途。目前,北美是甲酸需求成长最快的地区,这得益于法律规范以及人们对生物分解性产品的日益偏好。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Formic Acid Market is accounted for $1.24 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach $2.01 billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. The simplest carboxylic acid, formic acid (HCOOH), also referred to as methanoic acid, is found naturally in the venom of some plants, bees, and ants. It is a colorless liquid that has a strong, piercing smell. It dissolves well in water and the majority of polar organic solvents. Formic acid, which is primarily made industrially by hydrolyzing methyl formate, is used extensively in leather tanning, textile dyeing, rubber processing, and as a preservative in animal feed because of its antibacterial qualities. Additionally, it functions as a reducing agent in certain industrial processes and as an intermediate in a variety of chemical syntheses. Formic acid is corrosive and needs to be handled carefully to avoid skin burns and respiratory irritation, despite its many useful applications.
According to the American Chemical Society, global industrial production of formic acid reached approximately 870 thousand tonnes in 2021. It is produced mainly through routes such as the carbon monoxide-based methyl formate hydrolysis process or as a by-product of acetic acid manufacture.
Growing need for animal feed and agriculture
Formic acid is essential to contemporary agriculture, mostly because it acts as an antibacterial and preservative in animal feed and silage. It is a popular option among livestock farmers due to its capacity to prevent bacterial growth and prolong feed shelf life. As the world moves toward producing meat without antibiotics, particularly in North America and Europe, its use as a safe, EFSA-approved additive has increased dramatically. Its function in preserving feed quality throughout transportation and storage also guarantees improved animal health and increased output. Sustainable farming methods' status as a major growth engine in the agricultural industry is being further cemented by the continuous demand for them.
Accessibility of alternative chemicals
Formic acid faces competition from alternative acids and preservatives like acetic acid, propionic acid, and synthetic additives in a number of industries. Propionic acid is occasionally chosen for livestock feed preservation due to its less corrosive nature and milder odor. Other chemicals can provide similar pH control or dye fixation in leather and textile processing without raising the same level of safety issues. Moreover, coagulants, such as sulfuric acid, can be substituted in some rubber industry processes. Despite the functional benefits of formic acid, industries frequently reevaluate its widespread use due to its ease of substitution and the competitive pricing of substitutes.
Developments in bio-based production technology
R&D into bio-based and CO2-derived formic acid production techniques is being driven by the trend toward green chemistry and carbon-neutral manufacturing. In addition to lessening their negative effects on the environment, these procedures support business ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) objectives, which appeal to sectors that care about the environment. Through tax breaks, subsidies, and green certification initiatives, governments are encouraging the production of sustainable chemicals. Furthermore, bio-based formic acid could become as affordable as conventional production as technology advances, opening up enormous growth potential in consumer and industrial applications worldwide.
Supply chain vulnerabilities for raw materials
Methanol and carbon monoxide are essential for the production of formic acid, and both are impacted by changes in the price of natural gas and crude oil. Shortages of raw materials or abrupt price increases can result from disruptions in global supply chains brought on by trade restrictions, natural disasters, or geopolitical conflicts. In addition to increasing production costs, these factors may compel manufacturers to postpone deliveries or temporarily cease operations. Moreover, unreliable raw material supply erodes consumer trust and makes it possible for other chemicals to take the place of formic acid in some applications. Stability and growth prospects in the market are still structurally threatened by long-term reliance on unstable feedstocks.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the formic acid market in two ways: it temporarily slowed production and upset supply chains, but it also opened up new demand channels. Key end-use industries like textiles, leather, and rubber were impacted by lockdowns and restrictions, which decreased consumption. The need for formic acid as a feed preservative to sustain continuous livestock production, however, meant that the agricultural sector remained resilient. Its use in cleaning products and disinfectants was also increased by growing awareness of sanitation and hygiene. The market recovered owing to the post-pandemic recovery, resurgent industrial activity, and a global push for environmentally friendly chemical solutions.
The methyl formate hydrolysis segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The methyl formate hydrolysis segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, because of its affordability, scalability, and appropriateness for industrial production on a large scale. This process effectively produces high-purity formic acid by hydrolyzing methyl formate, which is usually made from methanol and carbon monoxide. Large manufacturers around the world choose it because of its proven technology, low operating costs, and high conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the process's adaptability to different production capacities and the availability of methanol as a crucial feedstock reinforce its dominance. As the need for formic acid increases in the chemical, leather, textile, and agricultural sectors, methyl formate hydrolysis continues to be the main method of production worldwide.
The intermediary in pharmaceuticals & chemicals segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the intermediary in pharmaceuticals & chemicals segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate, driven by the rising need for high-purity chemicals in the production of specialty chemicals, fine chemicals, and advanced drugs. When creating agrochemicals, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other specialty compounds, formic acid is a useful intermediate and reducing agent. Its adoption is being fueled by the growth of the global pharmaceutical industry, the rise in biopharmaceutical R&D, and the move toward precision, high-quality chemical synthesis. Moreover, growth in this high-value application segment is also being accelerated by the growing need for efficient and sustainable chemical intermediates as well as stringent regulations that favor high-purity grades.
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share, fueled by its robust industrial base, plentiful supply of raw materials, and strong demand from the textile, leather, rubber, and agricultural sectors. Large-scale livestock farming, low manufacturing costs, and thriving export-oriented leather and textile industries enable nations like China and India to dominate both production and consumption. The need for formic acid in the preservation of animal feed is also fueled by the region's expanding food production and growing population. Furthermore, government programs encouraging industrial expansion and large investments in manufacturing facilities have solidified Asia-Pacific's standing as the world's primary center for the production and end-use consumption of formic acid.
Over the forecast period, the North America region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR, driven by the growing need for high-purity, environmentally friendly chemicals in the cleaning, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors. Formic acid's acceptance as a safe preservative is being aided by the region's transition to sustainable farming methods and livestock feed free of antibiotics. Its future use is also being expanded by significant R&D investment in renewable energy applications, like hydrogen storage, as well as developments in bio-based production techniques. North America is now the region with the fastest-growing demand for formic acid due to regulatory frameworks that support environmentally friendly chemical solutions and the growing preference for biodegradable products.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Formic Acid Market include Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd., Chongqing Chuandong Chemical (Group) Co., Ltd, Eastman Chemical Company, Noah Chemicals Corporation, Feicheng Acid Chemicals Co., Ltd, BASF SE, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Luxi Chemical Group Co.,Ltd., Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited, Perstorp AB, ChemCeed LLC, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, ProChem, Inc., Wego Chemical Group Inc. and RX Chemicals Inc.
In July 2025, BASF and Equinor have signed a long-term strategic agreement for the annual delivery of up to 23 terawatt hours of natural gas over a ten-year period. The contract secures a substantial share of BASF's natural gas needs in Europe.
In March 2025, Eastman Chemical Company entered into a severance agreement with Brad A. Lich, outlining severance benefits in the event of certain employment terminations. The agreement includes a $2 million cash severance payment and up to four months of healthcare coverage, contingent on compliance with restrictive covenants and a release of claims.
In March 2025, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. and KOKUKA Sangyo Co., Ltd. have signed a basic agreement for a long-term time charter contract and the supply of methanol fuel for a domestic methanol transport vessel. This vessel, with a gross tonnage of approximately 499 tons, will operate primarily on methanol, marking a significant step toward sustainable maritime transportation.
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.