北美顺势疗法市场预测至 2030 年 - 区域分析 - 按来源、类型、应用和配销通路
市场调查报告书
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1420193

北美顺势疗法市场预测至 2030 年 - 区域分析 - 按来源、类型、应用和配销通路

North America Homeopathy Market Forecast to 2030 - Regional Analysis - by Source, Type, Application, and Distribution Channel

出版日期: | 出版商: The Insight Partners | 英文 92 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

2022年北美顺势疗法市值为16.4842亿美元,预计到2030年将达到50.668亿美元;预计2022年至2030年CAGR为15.1%。

顺势疗法药物采用率的上升推动了北美顺势疗法市场

人们越来越担心对抗疗法药物或常规药物的潜在副作用。 2017 年《斯堪的纳维亚公共卫生杂誌》发表的一项研究指出,替代疗法主要以补充方式或与传统医学结合使用。

长期以来,人们对口服药物和无副作用药物的偏好一直在上升,并且在未来几年将继续增长。对抗疗法包含强效药物;然而,它们并不适合所有人。此外,对抗疗法药物价格昂贵且对疾病仅具有短暂作用。此外,儘管完成了处方药物的疗程,疾病仍可能再次出现。药物滥用案例在对抗疗法药物中更为常见,这是人们将注意力转向天然药物的另一个因素。另一方面,顺势疗法价格低廉,且没有副作用或副作用可以忽略不计。因此,顺势疗法药物的日益普及促进了顺势疗法市场的成长。

北美顺势疗法市场概况

北美顺势疗法市场已细分为美国、加拿大和墨西哥;美国在 2022 年占据最大的市场份额。北美市场的成长归因于消费者意识的增强和对顺势疗法的兴趣在市场成长中发挥了重要作用,消费者正在积极寻求替代医疗保健选择,并且更愿意探索者顺势疗法有助于市场的扩张。

北美顺势疗法市场收入及 2030 年预测(百万美元)

北美顺势疗法市场细分

北美顺势疗法市场根据来源、类型、应用、配销通路和国家进行细分。根据来源,北美顺势疗法市场分为植物、动物和矿物质。 2022 年,植物细分市场占据最大的市场。

根据类型,北美顺势疗法市场分为稀释剂、酊剂、生化剂、软膏、片剂等。 2022 年,稀释细分市场占据最大的市场份额。

根据应用,北美顺势疗法市场分为镇痛和解热、呼吸、神经病学、免疫学、胃肠病学、皮肤病学等。 2022 年,免疫学领域占据最大的市场份额。

根据配销通路,北美顺势疗法市场分为顺势疗法诊所、零售药局、电子零售商等。 2022 年,顺势疗法诊所细分市场占据最大的市场份额。

根据国家/地区,北美顺势疗法市场分为美国、加拿大和墨西哥。 2022 年,美国在北美顺势疗法市场份额中占据主导地位。

福尔特;哈尼曼实验室公司;布瓦龙;霍莫肯公司;海兰公司; Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH; DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG; Dr Reckeweg & Co GmbH;和 Similasan Corp 是北美顺势疗法市场的一些领先参与者。

目录

第 1 章:简介

  • Insight Partners 研究报告指南
  • 市场区隔

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 重要见解
  • 市场吸引力

第 3 章:研究方法

  • 覆盖范围
  • 二次研究
  • 初步研究

第 4 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 主要产业动态

  • 市场驱动因素
    • 顺势疗法产品的安全性
    • 顺势疗法的采用率上升
  • 市场限制
    • 监管机构采取严格措施,顺势疗法设施和医生短缺
  • 市场机会
    • 加拿大对顺势疗法使用的认识不断提高
  • 未来的趋势
    • 对植物性补充剂的需求不断增长以及创新顺势疗法的推出
  • 影响分析

第 5 章:顺势疗法市场 - 北美市场分析

  • 顺势疗法市场收入,2022 - 2030

第 6 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 收入和 2030 年预测 - 按来源

  • 概述
  • 2022 年及 2030 年顺势疗法市场收入份额(按来源划分)(%)
  • 植物
  • 动物
  • 矿物质

第 7 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 收入和 2030 年预测 - 按类型

  • 概述
  • 顺势疗法市场收入份额,按类型 2022 年和 2030 年 (%)
  • 稀释液
  • 酊剂
  • 生化
  • 药膏
  • 平板电脑
  • 其他的

第 8 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 收入和 2030 年预测 -按应用。

  • 概述
  • 2022 年和 2030 年顺势疗法市场收入份额,按应用划分 (%)
  • 镇痛解热
  • 呼吸系统
  • 神经病学
  • 免疫学
  • 胃肠病学
  • 皮肤科
  • 其他的

第 9 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 收入和 2030 年预测 - 按配销通路

  • 概述
  • 2022 年及 2030 年顺势疗法市场收入份额(按配销通路)(%)
  • 顺势疗法诊所
  • 零售药局
  • 电子零售商
  • 其他的

第 10 章:北美顺势疗法市场 - 收入和 2030 年预测 - 国家分析

  • 北美洲
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第 11 章:顺势疗法市场-产业格局

  • 概述
  • 有机发展
    • 概述
  • 无机发展
    • 概述

第 12 章:公司简介

  • Fourrts
  • Hahnemann Laboratories, Inc
  • Boiron
  • Homeocan Inc
  • Hyland's, Inc.
  • Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH
  • DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG
  • Dr Reckeweg & Co GmbH
  • Similasan Corporation

第 13 章:附录

  • 附录
  • 附录
  • 附录
  • 专业术语
Product Code: TIPRE00024765

The North America homeopathy market was valued at US$ 1,648.42 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 5,066.80 million by 2030; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 15.1% from 2022 to 2030.

Rise in Adoption of Homeopathic Medicine fuel the North America Homeopathy Market

There are growing concerns about the potential side effects of allopathic pharmaceutical drugs or regular medication. A study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health in 2017 stated that alternative practices are primarily used in a complementary manner or in combination with traditional medicine.

The preference for orally administered medications and drugs without any side effects has been on the rise for a long, and it would continue to grow in the coming years. Allopathy contains strong medications; however, they are not appropriate for everyone. Furthermore, allopathic drugs are expensive and only have a transient effect on illnesses. Moreover, despite the completion of the course of prescribed drugs, the illness can resurface. Cases of drug abuse are more common with allopathic medicines, which is another factor for the shifting focus toward natural medications. Homeopathy remedies, on the other hand, are inexpensive and exhibit no or negligible side effects. Thus, the increasing adoption of homeopathic medicine bolsters the homeopathy market growth.

North America Homeopathy Market Overview

The North America homeopathy market has been segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico; the US held the largest market share in 2022. The market growth in North America is attributed to the increased consumer awareness and interest in homeopathic remedies have played a significant role in the market growth, consumers are actively seeking alternative healthcare options and are more willing to explorer homeopathic treatment contributing to the market's expansion.

North America Homeopathy Market Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

North America Homeopathy Market Segmentation

The North America homeopathy market is segmented based on source, type, application, distribution channel, and country. Based on source, the North America homeopathy market is segmented into plants, animals, and minerals. The plants segment held the largest market share in 2022.

Based on type, the North America homeopathy market is segmented into dilutions, tinctures, biochemics, ointments, tablets, and others. The dilutions segment held the largest market share in 2022.

Based on application, the North America homeopathy market is segmented into analgesic and antipyretic, respiratory, neurology, immunology, gastroenterology, dermatology, and others. The immunology segment held the largest market share in 2022.

Based on distribution channel, the North America homeopathy market is segmented into homeopathic clinics, retail pharmacies, e-retailers, and others. The homeopathic clinics segment held the largest market share in 2022.

Based on country, the North America homeopathy market is segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US dominated the North America homeopathy market share in 2022.

Fourrts; Hahnemann Laboratories, Inc; Boiron; Homeocan Inc; Hyland's, Inc.; Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH; DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG; Dr Reckeweg & Co GmbH; and Similasan Corp are some of the leading players operating in the North America homeopathy market.

Reasons to Buy:

  • Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players, and segments in the North America homeopathy market.
  • Highlights key business priorities in order to assist companies to realign their business strategies
  • The key findings and recommendations highlight crucial progressive industry trends in the North America homeopathy market, thereby allowing players across the value chain to develop effective long-term strategies
  • Develop/modify business expansion plans by using substantial growth offering developed and emerging markets
  • Scrutinize in-depth North America market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the North America homeopathy market, as well as those hindering it
  • Enhance the decision-making process by understanding the strategies that underpin commercial interest with respect to client products, segmentation, pricing, and distribution

Table Of Contents

1. Introduction

  • 1.1 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
  • 1.2 Market Segmentation

2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1 Key Insights
  • 2.2 Market Attractiveness

3. Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Coverage
  • 3.2 Secondary Research
  • 3.3 Primary Research

4. North America Homeopathy Market - Key Industry Dynamics

  • 4.1 Market Drivers
    • 4.1.1 Safety Associated with Homeopathic Products
    • 4.1.2 Rise in Adoption of Homeopathic Medicine
  • 4.2 Market Restraints
    • 4.2.1 Stringent Approach by Regulatory Authorities and Shortage of Homeopathic Facilities & Doctors
  • 4.3 Market Opportunities
    • 4.3.1 Rising awareness on Homeopathy Usage in Canada
  • 4.4 Future Trends
    • 4.4.1 Increasing Demand for Plant-Based Supplements and Launch of Innovative Homeopathic Remedies
  • 4.5 Impact Analysis

5. Homeopathy Market - North America Market Analysis

  • 5.1 Homeopathy Market Revenue (US$ Mn), 2022 - 2030

6. North America Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 - by Source

  • 6.1 Overview
  • 6.2 Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Source 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • 6.3 Plants
    • 6.3.1 Overview
    • 6.3.2 Plants: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 6.4 Animals
    • 6.4.1 Overview
    • 6.4.2 Animals: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 6.5 Minerals
    • 6.5.1 Overview
    • 6.5.2 Minerals: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

7. North America Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 - by Type

  • 7.1 Overview
  • 7.2 Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Type 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • 7.3 Dilutions
    • 7.3.1 Overview
    • 7.3.2 Dilutions: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.4 Tinctures
    • 7.4.1 Overview
    • 7.4.2 Tinctures: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.5 Biochemics
    • 7.5.1 Overview
    • 7.5.2 Biochemics: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.6 Ointments
    • 7.6.1 Overview
    • 7.6.2 Ointments: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.7 Tablets
    • 7.7.1 Overview
    • 7.7.2 Tablets: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.8 Others
    • 7.8.1 Overview
    • 7.8.2 Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

8. North America Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 - by Application.

  • 8.1 Overview
  • 8.2 Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Application 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • 8.3 Analgesic and Antipyretic
    • 8.3.1 Overview
    • 8.3.2 Analgesic and Antipyretic: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.4 Respiratory
    • 8.4.1 Overview
    • 8.4.2 Respiratory: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.5 Neurology
    • 8.5.1 Overview
    • 8.5.2 Neurology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.6 Immunology
    • 8.6.1 Overview
    • 8.6.2 Immunology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.7 Gastroenterology
    • 8.7.1 Overview
    • 8.7.2 Gastroenterology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.8 Dermatology
    • 8.8.1 Overview
    • 8.8.2 Dermatology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.9 Others
    • 8.9.1 Overview
    • 8.9.2 Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

9. North America Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 - by Distribution Channel

  • 9.1 Overview
  • 9.2 Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Distribution Channel 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • 9.3 Homeopathic Clinics
    • 9.3.1 Overview
    • 9.3.2 Homeopathic Clinics: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.4 Retail Pharmacies
    • 9.4.1 Overview
    • 9.4.2 Retail Pharmacies: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.5 e-Retailers
    • 9.5.1 Overview
    • 9.5.2 e-Retailers: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.6 Others
    • 9.6.1 Overview
    • 9.6.2 Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

10. North America Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 - Country Analysis

  • 10.1 North America: Homeopathy Market
    • 10.1.1 Overview
    • 10.1.2 North America: Homeopathy Market, by Country
      • 10.1.2.1 US: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.1.1 Overview
        • 10.1.2.1.2 US: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.1.3 US: Homeopathy Market, by Source, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.1.4 US: Homeopathy Market, by Type, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.1.5 US: Homeopathy Market, by Application, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.1.6 US: Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
      • 10.1.2.2 Canada: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.2.1 Overview
        • 10.1.2.2.2 Canada: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.2.3 Canada: Homeopathy Market, by Source, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.2.4 Canada: Homeopathy Market, by Type, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.2.5 Canada: Homeopathy Market, by Application, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.2.6 Canada: Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
      • 10.1.2.3 Mexico: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.3.1 Overview
        • 10.1.2.3.2 Mexico: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.3.3 Mexico: Homeopathy Market, by Source, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.3.4 Mexico: Homeopathy Market, by Type, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.3.5 Mexico: Homeopathy Market, by Application, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)
        • 10.1.2.3.6 Mexico: Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2030 (US$ Million)

11. Homeopathy Market-Industry Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Organic Developments
    • 11.2.1 Overview
  • 11.3 Inorganic Developments
    • 11.3.1 Overview

12. Company Profiles

  • 12.1 Fourrts
    • 12.1.1 Key Facts
    • 12.1.2 Business Description
    • 12.1.3 Products and Services
    • 12.1.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.1.6 Key Developments
  • 12.2 Hahnemann Laboratories, Inc
    • 12.2.1 Key Facts
    • 12.2.2 Business Description
    • 12.2.3 Products and Services
    • 12.2.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.2.6 Key Developments
  • 12.3 Boiron
    • 12.3.1 Key Facts
    • 12.3.2 Business Description
    • 12.3.3 Products and Services
    • 12.3.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.3.6 Key Developments
  • 12.4 Homeocan Inc
    • 12.4.1 Key Facts
    • 12.4.2 Business Description
    • 12.4.3 Products and Services
    • 12.4.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.4.6 Key Developments
  • 12.5 Hyland's, Inc.
    • 12.5.1 Key Facts
    • 12.5.2 Business Description
    • 12.5.3 Products and Services
    • 12.5.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.5.6 Key Developments
  • 12.6 Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH
    • 12.6.1 Key Facts
    • 12.6.2 Business Description
    • 12.6.3 Products and Services
    • 12.6.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.6.6 Key Developments
  • 12.7 DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG
    • 12.7.1 Key Facts
    • 12.7.2 Business Description
    • 12.7.3 Products and Services
    • 12.7.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.7.6 Key Developments
  • 12.8 Dr Reckeweg & Co GmbH
    • 12.8.1 Key Facts
    • 12.8.2 Business Description
    • 12.8.3 Products and Services
    • 12.8.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.8.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.8.6 Key Developments
  • 12.9 Similasan Corporation
    • 12.9.1 Key Facts
    • 12.9.2 Business Description
    • 12.9.3 Products and Services
    • 12.9.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.9.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.9.6 Key Developments

13. Appendix

  • 13.1 Appendix
  • 13.2 Appendix
  • 13.3 Appendix
  • 13.4 Glossary of Terms

List Of Tables

  • Table 1. North America Homeopathy Market Segmentation
  • Table 2. US Homeopathy Market, by Source - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 3. US Homeopathy Market, by Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 4. US Homeopathy Market, by Application - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 5. US Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 6. Canada Homeopathy Market, by Source - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 7. Canada Homeopathy Market, by Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 8. Canada Homeopathy Market, by Application - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 9. Canada Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 10. Mexico Homeopathy Market, by Source - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 11. Mexico Homeopathy Market, by Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 12. Mexico Homeopathy Market, by Application - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 13. Mexico Homeopathy Market, by Distribution Channel - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 14. Organic Developments Done by Companies
  • Table 15. Inorganic Developments Done by Companies
  • Table 16. Glossary of Terms

List Of Figures

  • Figure 1. North America Homeopathy Market Segmentation, By Country
  • Figure 2. North America Homeopathy Market: Key Industry Dynamics
  • Figure 3. North America Homeopathy Market: Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
  • Figure 4. North America Homeopathy Market Revenue (US$ Mn), 2022 - 2030
  • Figure 5. North America Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Source 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • Figure 6. Plants: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 7. Animals: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 8. Minerals: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 9. Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Type 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • Figure 10. Dilutions: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 11. Tinctures: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 12. Biochemics: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 13. Ointments: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 14. Tablets: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 15. Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 16. Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Application 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • Figure 17. Analgesic and Antipyretic: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 18. Respiratory: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 19. Neurology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 20. Immunology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 21. Gastroenterology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 22. Dermatology: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 23. Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 24. Homeopathy Market Revenue Share, by Distribution Channel 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • Figure 25. Homeopathic Clinics: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 26. Retail Pharmacies: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 27. e-Retailers: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 28. Others: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 29. North America: Homeopathy Market, by Key Country - Revenue (2022) (US$ Million)
  • Figure 30. North America: Homeopathy Market, by Country, 2022 & 2030 (%)
  • Figure 31. US: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 32. Canada: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 33. Mexico: Homeopathy Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)