查看购物车
  • Traditional Chinese
  • English
  • Japanese
  • Korean
2030 年欧洲投票管理软体市场预测 - 区域分析 - 按部署类型、产品和最终用户
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1562352

2030 年欧洲投票管理软体市场预测 - 区域分析 - 按部署类型、产品和最终用户

Europe Voting Management Software Market Forecast to 2030 - Regional Analysis - by Deployment Type, Offering, and End User
出版日期: | 出版商: The Insight Partners | 英文 61 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

2022年欧洲投票管理软体市场价值为8,963万美元，预计到2030年将达到1.8467亿美元；预计2022年至2030年复合年增长率为9.5%。

各协会采用率的上升推动了欧洲投票管理软体市场

协会是可以从线上投票中受益的众多组织类型之一。协会的成功取决于会员的参与和策略决策。线上投票软体有助于规划和管理协会选举，为高效、有效的选举提供无与伦比的准确性、安全性和客户服务。协会可以依靠旨在实现线上投票现代化、降低选举成本、增加选民参与并提供有价值的选民资讯的可选附加服务。包括单一登入技术和嵌入式登入连结在内的选项使协会成员可以轻鬆投票。软体注重易用性，还可以节省协会时间、减少资金和服务台查询。协会的线上投票选项极其准确且安全。这些因素对选民来说很重要且方便，使他们更有可能参与。各种公司向各种协会提供投票管理软体。例如，BigPulse Voting 向英国奥林匹克协会（英国）、比较和国际教育协会等协会提供投票管理软体。因此，各协会越来越多地采用投票管理软体正在推动投票管理软体市场的发展。

欧洲投票管理软体市场概况

COVID-19 大流行期间，全球各国政府和多个组织在举行选举时面临巨大挑战。为了克服这项挑战，各国政府和组织尊重法律、规则和民主原则，并实施了线上投票系统。 2020年，欧洲议会主席团暂时允许透过电子邮件进行远端投票。同样，根据国会研究服务处 (CRS) 2020 年 4 月的报告，国会建议修改众议院或参议院的规则，允许远端投票，即议员们将虚拟出席而不是亲自出席。

此外，随着线上投票增加了分散式会员基础的可及性，也提高了选民的参与率，其需求在全球范围内不断增加。因此，全球各国都在采用投票管理软体。

此外，各类企业、大学、协会等组织都在采用投票管理软体。 Assembly Voting 是一家线上投票软体和选举解决方案提供商，已向 DSV、FedEx、西门子、德勤、IDA-丹麦工程师协会和 AIIC-国际会议口译员协会等提供投票解决方案。因此，各种政府组织、企业和协会越来越多地采用线上投票软体，推动了欧洲投票管理软体市场的成长。

欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测（百万美元）

欧洲投票管理软体市场细分

欧洲投票管理软体市场按部署类型、产品、最终用户和国家/地区进行分类。

根据部署类型，欧洲投票管理软体市场分为基于云端的和本地的。到 2022 年，基于云端的细分市场将占据更大的欧洲投票管理软体市场。

在产品方面，欧洲投票管理软体市场分为平台选票管理、平台效能、活动支援、受众参与等。 2022 年，平台投票管理细分市场占据欧洲最大的投票管理软体市场。

依最终用户划分，欧洲投票管理软体市场分为协会、政府、企业等。到 2022 年，协会细分市场将占据欧洲最大的投票管理软体市场。

依国家/地区划分，欧洲投票管理软体市场分为德国、英国、法国、义大利、瑞士、俄罗斯和欧洲其他地区。 2022 年，德国在欧洲投票管理软体市场份额中占据主导地位。

BigPulse Voting Pty Ltd、ElectionBuddy Inc、Civica UK Ltd、Polyas GmbH、Scytl Election Technologies SLU、Seasia Infotech 和 Assembly Voting Aps 是欧洲投票管理软体市场上的一些领先公司。

目录

第 1 章：简介

第 2 章：执行摘要

  • 主要见解
  • 市场吸引力

第 3 章：研究方法

  • 覆盖范围
  • 二次研究
  • 初步研究

第 4 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场格局

  • 概述
  • 生态系分析
    • 价值链供应商名单

第 5 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场 - 主要产业动态

  • 欧洲投票管理软体市场 - 主要产业动态
  • 市场驱动因素
    • 智慧型和行动装置的高采用率
    • 各协会采用率上升
  • 市场限制
    • 网路攻击增加
    • 对投票管理软体缺乏认识
  • 市场机会
    • 在选举中采用区块链技术
  • 未来趋势
    • 产品增强以提高选民参与度和体验
  • 驱动因素和限制的影响：

第 6 章：投票管理软体市场 - 欧洲市场分析

  • 欧洲投票管理软体市场收入，2020 - 2030
  • 欧洲投票管理软体市场预测与分析

第 7 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场分析 - 部署类型

  • 基于云端
    • 概述
    • 基于云端的：欧洲投票管理软体市场、收入和 2030 年预测
  • 本地部署
    • 概述
    • 本地部署：欧洲投票管理软体市场、收入和 2030 年预测

第 8 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场分析 - 产品

  • 平台选票管理
    • 概述
    • 平台选票管理：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 平台效能
    • 概述
    • 平台效能：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 活动支持
    • 概述
    • 活动支援：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 观众参与度
    • 概述
    • 观众参与度：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 其他的
    • 概述
    • 其他：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测

第 9 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场分析 - 最终用户

  • 协会
    • 概述
    • 协会：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 政府
    • 概述
    • 政府：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 企业
    • 概述
    • 企业：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测
  • 其他的
    • 概述
    • 其他：欧洲投票管理软体市场收入及 2030 年预测

第 10 章：欧洲投票管理软体市场 - 国家分析

  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 义大利
    • 瑞士
    • 俄罗斯
    • 欧洲其他地区

第 11 章：产业格局

  • 概述
  • 市场主动性
  • 产品开发

第 12 章：公司简介

  • BigPulse Voting Pty Ltd
  • ElectionBuddy Inc
  • Civica UK Ltd
  • Polyas GmbH
  • Scytl Election Technologies SLU
  • Seasia Infotech
  • Assembly Voting Aps

第 13 章：附录

Product Code: BMIRE00030438

The Europe voting management software market was valued at US$ 89.63 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 184.67 million by 2030; it is estimated to register a CAGR of 9.5% from 2022 to 2030.

Rise in Adoption by Various Associations Drive Europe Voting Management Software Market

Associations are one of the many organization types that can benefit from online voting. The success of the association depends on member involvement and strategic decision-making. Online voting software helps plan and manage association elections, providing unparalleled accuracy, security, and customer service for efficient and effective elections. Associations can rely on optional additional services designed to modernize online voting, reduce election costs, increase voter participation, and provide valuable voter information. Options, including single sign-on technology and embedded login links, make it easy for association members to cast their votes. The software's focus on ease of use also saves associations time and reduces money and help desk queries. Online voting options for associations are extremely accurate and secure. These factors are important and convenient for the voters, making them more likely to participate. Various companies offer voting management software to various associations. For example, BigPulse Voting provides voting management software to associations such as the British Olympic Association (UK), and Comparative and International Education Society. Therefore, the rising adoption of voting management software by various associations is driving the voting management software market.

Europe Voting Management Software Market Overview

Governments of various countries and several organizations across the globe faced massive challenges in conducting elections during the COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome this challenge, governments and organizations implemented the online voting system with respect to the law, rules, and democratic principles. In 2020, the Bureau of the European Parliament temporarily allowed remote voting by e-mail. Similarly, as per the report by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) in April 2020, Congress suggested altering House or Senate rules to allow floor votes to be cast remotely, where the Members will be present virtually rather than physically.

Furthermore, as casting votes online increases the accessibility to a distributed member base and also increases the participation rate from the voters, its demand is increasing globally. Hence, various countries across the globe are adopting voting management software.

Moreover, various enterprises, universities, associations, and other organizations are adopting voting management software. Assembly Voting, an online voting software and election solutions provider, has provided its voting solutions to DSV, FedEx, Siemens, Deloitte, IDA-Danish Society of Engineers, and AIIC-International Association of Conference Interpreters, among others. Thus, the growing adoption of online voting software by various government organizations, enterprises, and associations is fueling the growth of the Europe voting management software market .

Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

Europe Voting Management Software Market Segmentation

The Europe voting management software market is categorized into deployment type, offering, end user, and country.

Based on deployment type, the Europe voting management software market is bifurcated into cloud-based and on-premise. The cloud-based segment held a larger Europe voting management software market share in 2022.

In terms of offering, the Europe voting management software market is segmented into platform ballot management, platform performance, event support, audience engagement, and others. The platform ballot management segment held the largest Europe voting management software market share in 2022.

By end user, the Europe voting management software market is divided into association, government, enterprise, and others. The association segment held the largest Europe voting management software market share in 2022.

By country, the Europe voting management software market is segmented into Germany, the UK, France, Italy, Switzerland, Russia, and the Rest of Europe. Germany dominated the Europe voting management software market share in 2022.

BigPulse Voting Pty Ltd, ElectionBuddy Inc, Civica UK Ltd, Polyas GmbH, Scytl Election Technologies SLU, Seasia Infotech, and Assembly Voting Aps are some of the leading companies operating in the Europe voting management software market.

Table Of Contents

1. Introduction

  • 1.1 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
  • 1.2 Market Segmentation

2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1 Key Insights
  • 2.2 Market Attractiveness

3. Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Coverage
  • 3.2 Secondary Research
  • 3.3 Primary Research

4. Europe Voting Management Software Market Landscape

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Ecosystem Analysis
    • 4.2.1 List of Vendors in Value Chain

5. Europe Voting Management Software Market - Key Industry Dynamics

  • 5.1 Europe Voting Management Software Market - Key Industry Dynamics
  • 5.2 Market Drivers
    • 5.2.1 High Adoption Rate of Smart and Mobile Devices
    • 5.2.2 Rise in Adoption by Various Associations
  • 5.3 Market Restraints
    • 5.3.1 Increase in Cyberattacks
    • 5.3.2 Lack of Awareness About Voting Management Software
  • 5.4 Market Opportunities
    • 5.4.1 Embracing Blockchain Technology in Elections
  • 5.5 Future Trends
    • 5.5.1 Product Enhancement to Improve Voter Engagement and Experience
  • 5.6 Impact of Drivers and Restraints:

6. Voting Management Software Market - Europe Market Analysis

  • 6.1 Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2020 - 2030
  • 6.2 Europe Voting Management Software Market Forecast and Analysis

7. Europe Voting Management Software Market Analysis - Deployment Type

  • 7.1 Cloud Based
    • 7.1.1 Overview
    • 7.1.2 Cloud Based: Europe Voting Management Software Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.2 On-Premise
    • 7.2.1 Overview
    • 7.2.2 On-Premise: Europe Voting Management Software Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

8. Europe Voting Management Software Market Analysis - Offering

  • 8.1 Platform Ballot Management
    • 8.1.1 Overview
    • 8.1.2 Platform Ballot Management: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.2 Platform Performance
    • 8.2.1 Overview
    • 8.2.2 Platform Performance: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.3 Event Support
    • 8.3.1 Overview
    • 8.3.2 Event Support : Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.4 Audience Engagement
    • 8.4.1 Overview
    • 8.4.2 Audience Engagement: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.5 Others
    • 8.5.1 Overview
    • 8.5.2 Others: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

9. Europe Voting Management Software Market Analysis - End User

  • 9.1 Association
    • 9.1.1 Overview
    • 9.1.2 Association: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.2 Government
    • 9.2.1 Overview
    • 9.2.2 Government: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.3 Enterprise
    • 9.3.1 Overview
    • 9.3.2 Enterprise: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.4 Others
    • 9.4.1 Overview
    • 9.4.2 Others: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

10. Europe Voting Management Software Market - Country Analysis

  • 10.1 Europe
    • 10.1.1 Europe Voting Management Software Market Overview
    • 10.1.2 Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts and Analysis - By Country
      • 10.1.2.1 Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts and Analysis - By Country
      • 10.1.2.2 Germany Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.2.1 Germany Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.2.2 Germany Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.2.3 Germany Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.3 United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.3.1 United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.3.2 United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.3.3 United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.4 France Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.4.1 France Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.4.2 France Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.4.3 France Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.5 Italy Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.5.1 Italy Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.5.2 Italy Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.5.3 Italy Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.6 Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.6.1 Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.6.2 Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.6.3 Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.7 Russia Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.7.1 Russia Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.7.2 Russia Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.7.3 Russia Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User
      • 10.1.2.8 Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
        • 10.1.2.8.1 Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Deployment Type
        • 10.1.2.8.2 Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Offering
        • 10.1.2.8.3 Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by End User

11. Industry Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Market Initiative
  • 11.3 Product Development

12. Company Profiles

  • 12.1 BigPulse Voting Pty Ltd
    • 12.1.1 Key Facts
    • 12.1.2 Business Description
    • 12.1.3 Products and Services
    • 12.1.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.1.6 Key Developments
  • 12.2 ElectionBuddy Inc
    • 12.2.1 Key Facts
    • 12.2.2 Business Description
    • 12.2.3 Products and Services
    • 12.2.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.2.6 Key Developments
  • 12.3 Civica UK Ltd
    • 12.3.1 Key Facts
    • 12.3.2 Business Description
    • 12.3.3 Products and Services
    • 12.3.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.3.6 Key Developments
  • 12.4 Polyas GmbH
    • 12.4.1 Key Facts
    • 12.4.2 Business Description
    • 12.4.3 Products and Services
    • 12.4.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.4.6 Key Developments
  • 12.5 Scytl Election Technologies SLU
    • 12.5.1 Key Facts
    • 12.5.2 Business Description
    • 12.5.3 Products and Services
    • 12.5.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.5.6 Key Developments
  • 12.6 Seasia Infotech
    • 12.6.1 Key Facts
    • 12.6.2 Business Description
    • 12.6.3 Products and Services
    • 12.6.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.6.6 Key Developments
  • 12.7 Assembly Voting Aps
    • 12.7.1 Key Facts
    • 12.7.2 Business Description
    • 12.7.3 Products and Services
    • 12.7.4 Financial Overview
    • 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 12.7.6 Key Developments

13. Appendix

  • 13.1 About the Insight Partners
  • 13.2 Word Index

List Of Tables

  • Table 1. Europe Voting Management Software Market Segmentation
  • Table 2. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 3. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million) - Deployment Type
  • Table 4. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million) - Offering
  • Table 5. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million) - End User
  • Table 6. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Country
  • Table 7. Germany Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 8. Germany Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 9. Germany Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 10. United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 11. United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 12. United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 13. France Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 14. France Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 15. France Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 16. Italy Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 17. Italy Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 18. Italy Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 19. Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 20. Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 21. Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 22. Russia Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 23. Russia Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 24. Russia Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 25. Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Deployment Type
  • Table 26. Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By Offering
  • Table 27. Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn) - By End User
  • Table 28. List of Abbreviation

List Of Figures

  • Figure 1. Europe Voting Management Software Market Segmentation, By Country
  • Figure 2. Ecosystem: Europe Voting Management Software Market
  • Figure 3. Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
  • Figure 4. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2020 - 2030
  • Figure 5. Europe Voting Management Software Market Share (%) - Deployment Type, 2022 and 2030
  • Figure 6. Cloud Based: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 7. On-Premise: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 8. Europe Voting Management Software Market Share (%) Offering, 2022 and 2030
  • Figure 9. Platform Ballot Management: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 10. Platform Performance: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 11. Event Support : Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 12. Audience Engagement: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 13. Others: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 14. Europe Voting Management Software Market Share (%) End User, 2022 and 2030
  • Figure 15. Association: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 16. Government: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 17. Enterprise: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 18. Others: Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 19. Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue, by Key Countries, (2022) (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 20. Voting Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2022 and 2030 (%)
  • Figure 21. Germany Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 22. United Kingdom Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 23. France Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 24. Italy Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 25. Switzerland Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 26. Russia Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 27. Rest of Europe Voting Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2030 (US$ Mn)