Product Code: TIPRE00023278
The minimally invasive surgery robot market size is expected to grow from US$ 11.16 billion in 2024 to US$ 29.13 billion by 2031; it is projected to register a CAGR of 14.8% during 2025-2031. The growing number of microsurgeries and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases are noteworthy factors contributing to the expansion of the minimally invasive surgery robot market size. However, the high cost of robotic systems hinders the minimally invasive surgery robot market growth.
AI-driven surgical assistance is one of the most transformative trends in minimally invasive surgery robots. It involves integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms into robotic systems to enhance surgical precision, improve decision-making, and support real-time data analysis during procedures. These AI systems analyze vast amounts of patient data, imaging, and surgical history to assist surgeons in planning the best course of action. During surgery, AI can provide real-time feedback on tissue characteristics, potential complications, and optimal cutting paths, reducing human error and improving patient outcomes.
Several companies are already incorporating AI into their robotic platforms. For instance, Intuitive Surgical (the manufacturer of the da Vinci Surgical System) has introduced AI-driven tools such as Intelligent Tissue Tracking and Image Analytics to enhance intraoperative guidance. Moreover, Medtronic (which launched the Hugo robotic-assisted surgery system) is equipped with AI features that support surgical video analysis and performance feedback.
CMR Surgical is a UK-based firm that developed the Versius Surgical Robotic System. The company is incorporating AI and data analytics into its platform to optimize surgical workflows and enhance decision-making. Versius collects data, which is analyzed using AI algorithms to provide insights into surgeon performance, instrument usage, and procedural efficiency. This data-driven approach supports continuous improvement in surgical outcomes and training. CMR Surgical's focus on modular, compact, and data-smart robotic systems makes it well-suited for widespread hospital adoption, especially in regions with significant cost and space constraints. Their use of AI is not only improving surgical precision but also helping to standardize the quality of care across institutions.
AI also plays a crucial role in post-operative analytics and surgical training, using video and sensor data to evaluate surgeon performance and suggest improvements. As computing power and AI models advance, surgical robots will become more autonomous and capable of performing tasks with minimal human intervention, marking a shift towards smarter, safer surgical environments. This is expected to contribute to the growth of the minimally invasive surgery robot market in the coming years.
Application-Based Insights
Based on application, the minimally invasive surgery robot market is segmented into general surgery, gynecological surgery, urological surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and others. The general surgery segment held the largest minimally invasive surgery robot market share in 2024. Robotic surgery allows doctors to perform numerous complex procedures with more precision, flexibility, and control than is possible with conventional techniques. The most common robotic surgery procedures under general surgery include hernia repair, colorectal surgery, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery. The growing cases of hernia, colorectal cancer, and obesity are increasing the adoption of robotic systems for general surgery. For instance, surgeons use da Vinci surgical systems in more than 10 million procedures. There are ~70 representative clinical uses for da Vinci systems, spanning clinical specialties, including general surgery.
Market players are increasingly receiving approvals for new robotic systems for orthopedic surgeries. For instance, in March 2021, Asensus Surgical, Inc. (formerly TransEnterix, Inc.)-a medical device company that is digitizing the interface between the surgeon and patient to pioneer a new field of performance-guided surgery-received an additional FDA clearance for the Senhance Surgical System, allowing for an expansion of indications in general surgery in the US, thereby fueling the minimally invasive surgery robot market growth.
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the American Heart Association, and the World Health Organization are among the primary and secondary sources referred to while preparing the minimally invasive surgery robot market report.
Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
- 1.1 Report Guidance
- 1.2 Market Segmentation
2. Executive Summary
- 2.1 Analyst Market Outlook
3. Research Methodology
- 3.1 Secondary Research
- 3.2 Primary Research
- 3.2.1 Hypothesis formulation:
- 3.2.2 Macro-economic factor analysis:
- 3.2.3 Developing base number:
- 3.2.4 Data Triangulation:
- 3.2.5 Country level data:
- 3.3 Assumptions and Limitations
4. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Landscape
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 PEST Analysis
5. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Key Market Dynamics
- 5.1 Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Key Market Dynamics
- 5.2 Market Drivers
- 5.2.1 Growing Number of Microsurgeries
- 5.2.2 Growing Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
- 5.3 Market Restraints
- 5.3.1 High Cost of Robotic Systems
- 5.4 Market Opportunities
- 5.4.1 Untapped Markets in Emerging Economies
- 5.5 Future Trends
- 5.5.1 AI-Driven Surgical Assistance
- 5.6 Impact of Drivers and Restraints:
6. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Global Market Analysis
- 6.1 Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2021-2031
- 6.2 Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Forecast Analysis
7. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Analysis - by Product and Services
- 7.1 Robotic Systems
- 7.1.1 Overview
- 7.1.2 Robotic Systems: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 7.2 Instruments and Accessories
- 7.2.1 Overview
- 7.2.2 Instruments and Accessories: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 7.3 Services
- 7.3.1 Overview
- 7.3.2 Services: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
8. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Analysis - by Application
- 8.1 General Surgery
- 8.1.1 Overview
- 8.1.2 General Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 8.2 Gynecological Surgery
- 8.2.1 Overview
- 8.2.2 Gynecological Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 8.3 Urological Surgery
- 8.3.1 Overview
- 8.3.2 Urological Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 8.4 Neurosurgery
- 8.4.1 Overview
- 8.4.2 Neurosurgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 8.5 Orthopedic Surgery
- 8.5.1 Overview
- 8.5.2 Orthopedic Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 8.6 Others
- 8.6.1 Overview
- 8.6.2 Others: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
9. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Analysis - by End Use
- 9.1 Hospitals
- 9.1.1 Overview
- 9.1.2 Hospitals: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 9.2 Ambulatory Surgery Centers
- 9.2.1 Overview
- 9.2.2 Ambulatory Surgery Centers: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
- 9.3 Others
- 9.3.1 Overview
- 9.3.2 Others: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
10. Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Geographical Analysis
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 North America
- 10.2.1 North America Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Overview
- 10.2.2 North America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.2.2.1 North America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Product and Services
- 10.2.2.2 North America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Application
- 10.2.2.3 North America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by End Use
- 10.2.3 North America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
- 10.2.3.1 United States: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.2.3.1.1 United States: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.2.3.1.2 United States: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.2.3.1.3 United States: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.2.3.2 Canada: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.2.3.2.1 Canada: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.2.3.2.2 Canada: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.2.3.2.3 Canada: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.2.3.3 Mexico: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.2.3.3.1 Mexico: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.2.3.3.2 Mexico: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.2.3.3.3 Mexico: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3 Europe
- 10.3.1 Europe Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Overview
- 10.3.2 Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.2.1 Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Product and Services
- 10.3.2.2 Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Application
- 10.3.2.3 Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by End Use
- 10.3.3 Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
- 10.3.3.1 Germany: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.1.1 Germany: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.1.2 Germany: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.1.3 Germany: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3.3.2 United Kingdom: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.2.1 United Kingdom: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.2.2 United Kingdom: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.2.3 United Kingdom: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3.3.3 France: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.3.1 France: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.3.2 France: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.3.3 France: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3.3.4 Italy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.4.1 Italy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.4.2 Italy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.4.3 Italy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3.3.5 Spain: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.5.1 Spain: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.5.2 Spain: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.5.3 Spain: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.3.3.6 Rest of Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.3.3.6.1 Rest of Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.3.3.6.2 Rest of Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.3.3.6.3 Rest of Europe: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4 Asia Pacific
- 10.4.1 Asia Pacific Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Overview
- 10.4.2 Asia Pacific: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.2.1 Asia Pacific: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Product and Services
- 10.4.2.2 Asia Pacific: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Application
- 10.4.2.3 Asia Pacific: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by End Use
- 10.4.3 Asia Pacific: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
- 10.4.3.1 China: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.1.1 China: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.1.2 China: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.1.3 China: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4.3.2 Japan: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.2.1 Japan: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.2.2 Japan: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.2.3 Japan: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4.3.3 India: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.3.1 India: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.3.2 India: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.3.3 India: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4.3.4 Australia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.4.1 Australia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.4.2 Australia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.4.3 Australia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4.3.5 South Korea: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.5.1 South Korea: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.5.2 South Korea: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.5.3 South Korea: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.4.3.6 Rest of APAC: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.4.3.6.1 Rest of APAC: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.4.3.6.2 Rest of APAC: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.4.3.6.3 Rest of APAC: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.5 Middle East and Africa
- 10.5.1 Middle East and Africa Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Overview
- 10.5.2 Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.5.2.1 Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Product and Services
- 10.5.2.2 Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Application
- 10.5.2.3 Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by End Use
- 10.5.3 Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
- 10.5.3.1 Saudi Arabia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.5.3.1.1 Saudi Arabia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.5.3.1.2 Saudi Arabia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.5.3.1.3 Saudi Arabia: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.5.3.2 South Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.5.3.2.1 South Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.5.3.2.2 South Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.5.3.2.3 South Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.5.3.3 United Arab Emirates: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.5.3.3.1 United Arab Emirates: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.5.3.3.2 United Arab Emirates: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.5.3.3.3 United Arab Emirates: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.5.3.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.5.3.4.1 Rest of Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.5.3.4.2 Rest of Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.5.3.4.3 Rest of Middle East and Africa: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.6 South and Central America
- 10.6.1 South and Central America Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Overview
- 10.6.2 South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.6.2.1 South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Product and Services
- 10.6.2.2 South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Application
- 10.6.2.3 South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by End Use
- 10.6.3 South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
- 10.6.3.1 Brazil: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.6.3.1.1 Brazil: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.6.3.1.2 Brazil: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.6.3.1.3 Brazil: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.6.3.2 Argentina: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.6.3.2.1 Argentina: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.6.3.2.2 Argentina: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.6.3.2.3 Argentina: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
- 10.6.3.3 Rest of South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market - Revenue and Forecast, 2021-2031 (US$ Million)
- 10.6.3.3.1 Rest of South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Product and Services
- 10.6.3.3.2 Rest of South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by Application
- 10.6.3.3.3 Rest of South and Central America: Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot Market Breakdown, by End Use
11. Competitive Landscape
- 11.1 Heat Map Analysis by Key Players
- 11.2 Company Positioning & Concentration
12. Industry Landscape
- 12.1 Overview
- 12.2 Expansion
- 12.3 New Product Development
- 12.4 Merger and Acquisition
- 12.5 Partnerships
- 12.6 Other Business Strategies
13. Company Profiles
- 13.1 Johnson & Johnson
- 13.1.1 Key Facts
- 13.1.2 Business Description
- 13.1.3 Products and Services
- 13.1.4 Financial Overview
- 13.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.1.6 Key Developments
- 13.2 Stryker Corp
- 13.2.1 Key Facts
- 13.2.2 Business Description
- 13.2.3 Products and Services
- 13.2.4 Financial Overview
- 13.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6 Key Developments
- 13.3 Medtronic Plc
- 13.3.1 Key Facts
- 13.3.2 Business Description
- 13.3.3 Products and Services
- 13.3.4 Financial Overview
- 13.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.3.6 Key Developments
- 13.4 Intuitive Surgical Inc
- 13.4.1 Key Facts
- 13.4.2 Business Description
- 13.4.3 Products and Services
- 13.4.4 Financial Overview
- 13.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.4.6 Key Developments
- 13.5 Asensus Surgical Inc
- 13.5.1 Key Facts
- 13.5.2 Business Description
- 13.5.3 Products and Services
- 13.5.4 Financial Overview
- 13.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.5.6 Key Developments
- 13.6 Smith & Nephew Plc
- 13.6.1 Key Facts
- 13.6.2 Business Description
- 13.6.3 Products and Services
- 13.6.4 Financial Overview
- 13.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.6.6 Key Developments
- 13.7 Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc
- 13.7.1 Key Facts
- 13.7.2 Business Description
- 13.7.3 Products and Services
- 13.7.4 Financial Overview
- 13.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.7.6 Key Developments
- 13.8 CMR Surgical Ltd
- 13.8.1 Key Facts
- 13.8.2 Business Description
- 13.8.3 Products and Services
- 13.8.4 Financial Overview
- 13.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.8.6 Key Developments
- 13.8.7 Moon Surgical
- 13.8.8 Key Facts
- 13.8.9 Business Description
- 13.8.10 Products and Services
- 13.8.11 Financial Overview
- 13.8.12 SWOT Analysis
- 13.8.13 Key Developments
- 13.9 CUREXO, INC
- 13.9.1 Key Facts
- 13.9.2 Business Description
- 13.9.3 Products and Services
- 13.9.4 Financial Overview
- 13.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.9.6 Key Developments
14. Appendix
- 14.1 About The Insight Partners
- 14.2 Glossary of Terms