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2031年北美钢丝绳市场预测－区域分析－依产品类型、类型、最终用途

North America Steel Wire Rope Market Forecast to 2031 - Regional Analysis - by Product Type, Type, End Use

出版日期: 2025年04月14日 | 出版商:

The Insight Partners | 英文 123 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

简介目录图表

2023 年北美钢丝绳市场价值为 16.3895 亿美元，预计到 2031 年将达到 23.4066 亿美元；预计 2023 年至 2031 年的复合年增长率为 4.6%。

建筑业强劲成长推动北美钢丝绳市场

在建筑业，钢丝绳用途广泛，例如锚定建筑物、悬挂鹰架系统以及起重和提升。不銹钢钢丝绳也应用于桥樑建设，该行业对最高的抗拉强度和耐久性有很高的要求。钢丝绳在恶劣环境下的耐腐蚀性能使其成为沿海桥樑建设的理想选择。此外，钢丝绳也用于各种建筑项目。由于不銹钢钢丝绳兼具实用性和美观性，建筑师和设计师将不銹钢钢丝绳高度融入他们的设计中。不銹钢钢丝绳主要用作边界结构、绿化中间缆绳或悬挂外墙设计元素。此外，由于其两大特点：冗余性和可侦测性，钢丝绳在电梯应用中也得到了广泛的应用。由于建筑活动投资增加；住宅、商业、基础设施和工业建筑的成长；人口成长；以及城市化进程加快等因素，全球各国的建筑业都在蓬勃发展。这反过来又增加了对各种建筑材料和产品的需求，包括钢丝绳。

在美国，建筑业是主要产业之一。住宅和商业建筑活动的蓬勃发展、建筑业投资的增加以及政府大力发展公共基础设施的倡议，共同推动了美国建筑业的发展。此外，新桥的建设以及旧桥的维修、改造和更换也不断增加。根据2023年1月发布的消息，美国交通部宣布拨款21亿美元用于改善包括金门大桥和布伦特·斯彭斯大桥在内的四座重要桥樑。首轮拨款将资助连接五个州的四个社区计画。除了这四项主要拨款外，美国联邦公路管理局还宣布向美国陆军工程兵团额外提供160万美元的桥樑规划拨款，用于支持科德角运河上伯恩大桥和萨加莫尔大桥更换工程的规划工作。此外，製造业的建筑业是美国经济的重要组成部分，长期以来一直是美国经济成长的驱动力。美国工业建筑业涵盖了各种各样的建筑项目，包括仓库、工厂和加工厂。随着美国不断扩大其製造和生产能力，对一流工业设施的需求也日益增长。各公司正在全国各地大力投资新建筑项目，从仓库到工厂再到加工厂。美国製造业设施的建设支出正在急剧增长。根据美国政府官方网站的数据，自2021年底以来，美国实际製造业建设支出翻了一番，如下图所示：

实际製造业建筑总支出（十亿美元）

资料来源：美国政府官方网站

因此，美国工业建设的不断增长导致对钢丝绳的需求增加。

下图显示了全球每年的建筑支出。

因此，建筑业的不断发展导致对钢丝绳的需求增加。

北美钢丝绳市场概况

北美钢丝绳市场受到建筑施工、石油天然气、采矿、海洋和渔业日益增长的需求驱动。该地区建筑施工行业的强劲增长推动了桥樑和电梯建设对钢丝绳的需求。钢丝绳在建筑施工业各种用途的起重机中也扮演着重要角色。在美国，工业建筑业是该国经济的重要组成部分。该行业一直是美国经济成长的驱动力。美国製造业设施的建设支出正在大幅增加。实际製造业建设支出的激增得益于有利于製造业设施建设的政策环境。这包括《基础设施投资与就业法案》（IIJA）、《通货膨胀削减法案》（IRA）和《基础设施投资与就业法案》（CHIPS），这些法案为公共和私人製造业建设提供直接资金和税收优惠。在加拿大，工业建筑仍然是该国重要的建筑业之一。加拿大的工业建筑业正在成长，原因是大型仓库建设增加、旧工业空间转换为现代用途以及人口成长带来的强劲消费需求等因素。

工业建筑业的成长带来了对起重机的巨大需求。此外，起重机提供必要的起重能力、精度和效率，以处理工业建筑中的重载。起重机已成为工业建筑中的重要工具，能够按时按预算完成复杂的专案。此外，该地区日益增长的采矿和油气勘探活动也推动了对钢丝绳的需求。钢丝绳因其卓越的耐用性和抗锈蚀腐蚀性能，在采矿业中是一种广受欢迎的材料。它们可用于起重设备、电梯的载重缆绳以及边坡稳定和紧急支撑。

北美钢丝绳市场收入及预测（2031年）（百万美元）

北美钢丝绳市场细分

北美钢丝绳市场按类型、产品类型、最终用途和国家分类。

根据产品类型，北美钢丝绳市场细分为不銹钢钢丝绳、镀锌钢丝绳、碳钢丝绳和涂层钢丝绳。 2023年，镀锌钢丝绳占据了北美最大的钢丝绳市场。

就类型而言，北美钢丝绳市场分为常规捻和同向捻。 2023年，常规捻钢丝绳占据了北美较大的市场份额。

依国家划分，北美钢丝绳市场分为美国、加拿大和墨西哥。 2023年，美国占据了北美钢丝绳市场的主导地位。

Usha Martin Ltd、Tyler Madison Inc、Central Wire Inc、TEUFELBERGER、ArcelorMittal SA、PFEIFER Holding GmbH & Co. KG、WireCo 和 Bekaert 是北美钢丝绳市场的一些领先公司。

In the building and construction industry, steel wire ropes are used in various applications, such as anchoring buildings, suspending scaffolding systems, and hoisting and lifting heavy loads. Stainless steel wire rope also finds application in bridge construction, where the highest tensile strength and durability are highly required. The ability of steel wire ropes to resist corrosion in harsh environments makes them ideal for coastal bridge construction. In addition, steel wire ropes are used in various architectural projects. Architects and designers highly integrate stainless steel wire ropes into their creations due to their functional and aesthetic qualities. The stainless-steel wire ropes are mainly used as border construction or intermediate cables for greenery or suspension of design elements at facades. Moreover, steel wire ropes are highly used for elevator applications due to their two main features: redundancy and detectability. The building and construction industry is growing in various countries across the globe due to factors such as increasing investments in construction activities; growing residential, commercial, infrastructural, and industrial construction; increasing population; and rising urbanization. This, in turn, is increasing the demand for various construction materials and products, including steel wire ropes.

In the US, the construction industry is one of the major industries. Growing residential and commercial construction activities, increasing investments in the construction industry, and rising government initiatives for developing public infrastructure drive the US construction industry. Additionally, the construction of new bridges and the repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of old bridges is increasing. According to the news released in January 2023, the US Department of Transportation announced funding of US$ 2.1 billion to improve four key bridges, which include the Golden Gate and Brent Spence. The first round of grants will fund four projects that connect communities in five states. In addition to the four main grants, the Federal Highway Administration announced an additional bridge planning grant of US$ 1.6 million to the US Army Corps of Engineers for planning work in support of the replacement of the Bourne and Sagamore Bridges over the Cape Cod Canal. Also, construction in the manufacturing sector is an essential part of the country's economy. This sector has long been a driver of economic growth in the US. The industrial construction sector in the country includes a wide range of construction projects, including warehouses, factories, and processing plants. As the US continues to expand its manufacturing and production capabilities, the need for top-notch industrial facilities is increasing. Various companies are investing heavily in new construction projects across the country, from warehouses to factories to processing plants. The US is experiencing a striking surge in construction spending for manufacturing facilities. According to the official website of the US Government, real manufacturing construction spending in the US has doubled since the end of 2021, as shown in the figure below:

Real Total Manufacturing Construction Spending (US$ Billion)

Source: Official website of the US Government

Thus, the growing industrial construction in the US is leading to increased demand for steel wire ropes.

The following chart shows the construction spending across the world per year.

Thus, the growing construction industry is leading to increased demand for steel wire ropes.

North America Steel Wire Rope Market Overview

The North America steel wire rope market is driven by growing demand from building & construction, oil & gas, mining, marine, and fishing industries. The strong growth of the building & construction industry in the region is fueling the demand for steel wire ropes for the construction of bridges and elevators. Steel wire ropes also play an important role in cranes used for various applications in the building & construction industry. In the US, the industrial construction sector is an essential part of the country's economy. This sector has been a driver of economic growth in the US. The US is experiencing a striking surge in construction spending for manufacturing facilities. The surge in real manufacturing construction spending is due to a supportive policy environment for the construction of manufacturing facilities. This includes the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), and CHIPS Act, which provides direct funding and tax incentives for public and private manufacturing construction. In Canada, industrial construction continues to be one of the country's important building sectors. The industrial construction sector in Canada is growing due to factors such as the increase in the construction of huge warehouses, the conversion of older industrial spaces for modern uses, and strong consumer demand along with population growth.

The growth of the industrial construction sector creates massive demand for cranes. Furthermore, cranes provide the necessary lifting capacity, precision, and efficiency to handle heavy loads in industrial construction. Cranes have become an important tool in industrial construction, enabling the completion of complex projects within required timeframes and budgets. Further, the growing mining and oil and gas exploration activities in the region drive the demand for steel wire ropes. Steel wire ropes are a popular material in the mining industry owing to their exceptional durability and resistance to rust and corrosion. They are used for hoisting equipment, as a load-carrying cable in elevators, and for slope stabilization and emergency support.

North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)

North America Steel Wire Rope Market Segmentation

The North America steel wire rope market is categorized into type, product type, end use, and country.

Based on product type, the North America steel wire rope market is segmented into stainless steel wire rope, galvanized steel wire rope, carbon steel wire ropes, and coated steel wire ropes. The galvanized steel wire rope segment held the largest North America steel wire rope market share in 2023.

In terms of type, the North America steel wire rope market is segmented into regular lay and lang lay. The regular lay segment held a larger North America steel wire rope market share in 2023.

By country, the North America steel wire rope market is segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US dominated the North America steel wire rope market share in 2023.

Usha Martin Ltd, Tyler Madison Inc, Central Wire Inc, TEUFELBERGER, ArcelorMittal SA, PFEIFER Holding GmbH & Co. KG, WireCo, and Bekaert are some of the leading companies operating in the North America steel wire rope market.

1. Introduction

1.1 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
1.2 Market Segmentation
1.3 Limitations and Assumptions

2. Executive Summary

2.1 Key Insights
2.2 Market Attractiveness

3. Research Methodology

3.1 Secondary Research
3.2 Primary Research
- 3.2.1 Hypothesis formulation:
- 3.2.2 Macro-economic factor analysis:
- 3.2.3 Developing base number:
- 3.2.4 Data Triangulation:
- 3.2.5 Country level data:

4. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Landscape

4.1 Overview
4.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 4.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.2.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 4.2.3 Threat of New Entrants
- 4.2.4 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
- 4.2.5 Threat of Substitutes
4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
- 4.3.1 Raw Material Suppliers:
- 4.3.2 Manufacturers:
- 4.3.3 Distributors/Suppliers:
- 4.3.4 End-Use Industry:
- 4.3.5 List of Vendors in the Value Chain

5. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Key Market Dynamics

5.1 Market Drivers
- 5.1.1 Strong Growth in Building and Construction Industry
- 5.1.2 High Demand for Steel Wire Ropes from Oil & Gas Industry
5.2 Restraint
- 5.2.1 Fluctuations in Prices of Raw Materials
5.3 Opportunity
- 5.3.1 Increasing Demand for Galvanized Steel Wire Ropes
5.4 Future Trend
- 5.4.1 Focus on Recycling Steel Wire Ropes
5.5 Impact Analysis

6. Steel Wire Rope Market - North America Analysis

6.1 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Volume (Kilo Tons), 2021-2031
6.2 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Volume Forecast and Analysis (Kilo Tons)
6.3 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2023-2031
6.4 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue Forecast and Analysis

7. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Analysis - by Product Type

7.1 Stainless Steel Wire Rope
- 7.1.1 Overview
- 7.1.2 Stainless Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
- 7.1.3 Stainless Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
7.2 Galvanized Steel Wire Rope
- 7.2.1 Overview
- 7.2.2 Galvanized Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
- 7.2.3 Galvanized Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
7.3 Carbon Steel Wire Ropes
- 7.3.1 Overview
- 7.3.2 Carbon Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
- 7.3.3 Carbon Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
7.4 Coated Steel Wire Ropes
- 7.4.1 Overview
- 7.4.2 Coated Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
- 7.4.3 Coated Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)

8. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue Analysis - by Type

8.1 Regular Lay
- 8.1.1 Overview
- 8.1.2 Regular Lay: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
8.2 Lang Lay
- 8.2.1 Overview
- 8.2.2 Lang Lay: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)

9. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue Analysis - by End Use

9.1 Mining
- 9.1.1 Overview
- 9.1.2 Mining: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
9.2 Oil and Gas
- 9.2.1 Overview
- 9.2.2 Oil and Gas: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
9.3 Building and Construction
- 9.3.1 Overview
- 9.3.2 Building and Construction: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
9.4 Marine and Fishing
- 9.4.1 Overview
- 9.4.2 Marine and Fishing: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
9.5 Others
- 9.5.1 Overview
- 9.5.2 Others: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)

10. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Country Analysis

10.1 North America
- 10.1.1 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2023 and 2031 (%)
  - 10.1.1.1 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Volume and Forecast and Analysis - by Country
  - 10.1.1.2 North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue and Forecast and Analysis - by Country
  - 10.1.1.3 United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
    - 10.1.1.3.1 United States Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Product Type
    - 10.1.1.3.2 United States Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Type
    - 10.1.1.3.3 United States Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by End Use
  - 10.1.1.4 Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
    - 10.1.1.4.1 Canada Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Product Type
    - 10.1.1.4.2 Canada Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Type
    - 10.1.1.4.3 Canada Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by End Use
  - 10.1.1.5 Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
    - 10.1.1.5.1 Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Product Type
    - 10.1.1.5.2 Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Type
    - 10.1.1.5.3 Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by End Use

11. Competitive Landscape

11.1 Heat Map Analysis by Key Players
11.2 Company Positioning & Concentration

12. Industry Landscape

12.1 Overview
12.2 Market Initiative
12.3 New Product Development
12.4 Merger and Acquisition

13. Company Profiles

13.1 Usha Martin Ltd
- 13.1.1 Key Facts
- 13.1.2 Business Description
- 13.1.3 Products and Services
- 13.1.4 Financial Overview
- 13.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.1.6 Key Developments
13.2 Tyler Madison Inc
- 13.2.1 Key Facts
- 13.2.2 Business Description
- 13.2.3 Products and Services
- 13.2.4 Financial Overview
- 13.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6 Key Developments
13.3 Central Wire Inc
- 13.3.1 Key Facts
- 13.3.2 Business Description
- 13.3.3 Products and Services
- 13.3.4 Financial Overview
- 13.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.3.6 Key Developments
13.4 TEUFELBERGER
- 13.4.1 Key Facts
- 13.4.2 Business Description
- 13.4.3 Products and Services
- 13.4.4 Financial Overview
- 13.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.4.6 Key Developments
13.5 ArcelorMittal SA
- 13.5.1 Key Facts
- 13.5.2 Business Description
- 13.5.3 Products and Services
- 13.5.4 Financial Overview
- 13.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.5.6 Key Developments
13.6 PFEIFER Holding GmbH & Co. KG
- 13.6.1 Key Facts
- 13.6.2 Business Description
- 13.6.3 Products and Services
- 13.6.4 Financial Overview
- 13.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.6.6 Key Developments
13.7 WireCo
- 13.7.1 Key Facts
- 13.7.2 Business Description
- 13.7.3 Products and Services
- 13.7.4 Financial Overview
- 13.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.7.6 Key Developments
13.8 Bekaert
- 13.8.1 Key Facts
- 13.8.2 Business Description
- 13.8.3 Products and Services
- 13.8.4 Financial Overview
- 13.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 13.8.6 Key Developments

14. Appendix

14.1 About The Insight Partners

简介目录图表

List Of Tables

Table 1. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Segmentation
Table 2. List of Vendors
Table 3. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
Table 4. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 5. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons) - by Product Type
Table 6. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Product Type
Table 7. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Type
Table 8. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by End Use
Table 9. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons) - by Country
Table 10. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Country
Table 11. United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons) - by Product Type
Table 12. United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Product Type
Table 13. United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Type
Table 14. United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by End Use
Table 15. Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons) - by Product Type
Table 16. Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Product Type
Table 17. Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Type
Table 18. Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by End Use
Table 19. Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons) - by Product Type
Table 20. Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Product Type
Table 21. Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by Type
Table 22. Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million) - by End Use

List Of Figures

Figure 1. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Segmentation, by Country
Figure 2. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Porter's Analysis
Figure 3. Ecosystem: North America Steel Wire Rope Market
Figure 4. North America Steel Wire Rope Market - Key Market Dynamics
Figure 5. Real Total Manufacturing Construction Spending (US$ Billion)
Figure 6. Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
Figure 7. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Volume (Kilo Tons), 2021-2031
Figure 8. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2023-2031
Figure 9. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Share (%) - Product Type, 2023 and 2031
Figure 10. Stainless Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
Figure 11. Stainless Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Galvanized Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
Figure 13. Galvanized Steel Wire Rope: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Carbon Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
Figure 15. Carbon Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Coated Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Volume and Forecast to 2031 (Kilo Tons)
Figure 17. Coated Steel Wire Ropes: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 18. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Share (%) - Type, 2023 and 2031
Figure 19. Regular Lay: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Lang Lay: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Share (%) - End Use, 2023 and 2031
Figure 22. Mining: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Oil and Gas: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Building and Construction: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Marine and Fishing: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Others: Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 27. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Revenue, by Key Countries, (2023) (US$ Mn)
Figure 28. North America Steel Wire Rope Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2023 and 2031 (%)
Figure 29. United States Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Canada Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Mexico Steel Wire Rope Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Heat Map Analysis by Key Players
Figure 33. Company Positioning & Concentration