低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场 - 2018-2028 年全球行业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测,按类型、按应用、地区和竞争细分
市场调查报告书
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低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场 - 2018-2028 年全球行业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测,按类型、按应用、地区和竞争细分

Low Viscosity Poly Alpha Olefin Market- Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028F Segmented By Type, By Application, By Region and Competition

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 113 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场预计到 2028 年将以惊人的速度增长。聚 α 烯烃是一种合成化合物,用于生产不同的合成润滑剂,可用作润滑剂、油和其他产品。低粘度聚 α 烯烃是用作工业和汽车润滑剂的最传统和最重要的合成基础油之一。与矿物油基础油相比,它具有低挥发性、优异的低温性能和增强的氧化稳定性。

汽车行业不断增长的需求正在推动市场增长

人们对车辆造成的污染的认识不断增强,并开发先进、强大的发动机,需要创新和先进的润滑油解决方案。如果没有先进的润滑油添加剂化学品和适当的润滑油成分,就不可能製造出现代发动机和变速箱。低粘度聚α-烯烃表现出优异的性能,例如低温流动性、增强的热稳定性和氧化稳定性、低挥发性和影响发动机性能的较高粘度指数,例如最大限度地减少油耗、提高能源效率等。在发展中国家和经济体,2021年汽车产量约为45,772,571辆,比2020年增加8%。低粘度聚α-烯烃产品是乘用车合成润滑油和油品的主要基础材料。汽车发动机、重型柴油发动机、变速器和变速箱。因此,汽车需求的增长预计将在预测期内推动低粘度聚α-烯烃市场的发展。

工业应用需求不断增长推动市场增长

低粘度聚 α 烯烃润滑剂主要用于石油产品性能不令人满意的应用,例如在极高和极低的温度下、在极端的生存条件下;然而,现在应用领域确实有所增加。它们还用于需要独特特性(如长寿命、提高设备效率或不易燃性)以保证机器平稳运行的情况。当企业需要降低机器可靠性、油品寿命、能源消耗、生物降解性和安全性等方面的成本时,低粘度聚 α 烯烃润滑剂非常有用。目前,不同的製造单位正在不断发展,以满足不断增长的人口的需求。製造业约占世界 GDP 的 16% 和所有僱员的 14%,因为它在全球范围内获得了巨大的需求。因此,对有助于机械平稳运行的低粘度聚α-烯烃的需求预计将会增长。因此,工业应用需求的增加预计将直接影响预测期内低粘度聚α-烯烃市场的增长。

新兴经济体不断增长的需求正在推动市场增长

日益严格的操作法规和性能标准推动了齿轮传动系统中润滑技术的不断发展。需要改进的齿轮润滑技术和润滑剂组合物来满足各种动力总成应用(包括汽车、航空和船舶)中不断增加的负载能力、速度、温度和性能预期的工业需求。公司正在大力加大研发力度,开发创新产品并为其申请专利。这些倡议使企业像吉列一样享有先发优势,并成为市场领导者。

最近的发展

埃克森美孚化学专利公司为基于1-癸烯和1-十二烷的低粘度聚α 烯烃製成的产品申请了专利,该专利将于2026 年到期。该PAO 由1-癸烯和1-十二烷混合物组成,具有低粘度和优异的性能。使用包含醇的促进剂系统的低温特性。

可用的定制

根据给定的市场数据,TechSci Research 可根据公司的具体需求提供定制服务。该报告可以使用以下自定义选项:

公司信息

  • 其他市场参与者(最多五个)的详细分析和概况分析。

目录

第 1 章:类型概述

  • 市场定义
  • 市场范围
    • 涵盖的市场
    • 考虑学习的年份
    • 主要市场细分

第 2 章:研究方法

  • 研究目的
  • 基线方法
  • 主要行业合作伙伴
  • 主要协会和二手资料来源
  • 预测方法
  • 数据三角测量和验证
  • 假设和限制

第 3 章:执行摘要

  • 市场概况
  • 主要市场细分概述
  • 主要市场参与者概述
  • 重点地区/国家概况
  • 市场驱动因素、挑战、趋势概述

第 4 章:全球低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型(粘度小于 5 cSt、粘度 5-10 cSt)
    • 按应用(气雾剂、粘合剂/密封剂、精炼/石油和天然气生产、润滑剂和油脂製造商、金属加工、化妆品、采矿等)
    • 按地区(北美、欧洲、亚太地区、南美、中东和非洲)
    • 按公司划分 (2022)
  • 市场地图
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按地区

第 5 章:北美低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 定价分析
  • 北美:国家分析
    • 美国
    • 墨西哥
    • 加拿大

第 6 章:欧洲低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 定价分析
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 西班牙
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 意大利

第 7 章:亚太地区低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 定价分析
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 日本
    • 印度
    • 马来西亚
    • 澳大利亚

第 8 章:南美低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 定价分析
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第 9 章:中东和非洲低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市场份额及预测
    • 按类型
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 定价分析
  • MEA:国家分析
    • 南非低粘度聚α-烯烃
    • 沙特阿拉伯低粘度聚α-烯烃
    • 阿联酋低粘度聚α-烯烃
    • 卡塔尔低粘度聚α-烯烃
    • 埃及低粘度聚α-烯烃

第 10 章:市场动态

  • 司机
    • 炼油/石油和天然气生产的需求不断增长
    • 汽车行业需求不断增长
    • 化妆品需求上升
  • 挑战
    • 对人体的不良影响
    • 原材料价格波动

第 11 章:市场趋势与发展

  • 持续研发的大量投资
  • 产品发布会
  • 併购

第 12 章:全球低粘度聚 α 烯烃市场:SWOT 分析

第 13 章:波特的五力分析

  • 行业竞争
  • 新进入者的潜力
  • 供应商的力量
  • 客户的力量
  • 替代型威胁

第14章:竞争格局

  • 商业概览
  • 产品类型
  • 最近的发展
  • 财务(据报导)
  • 主要人员
    • INEOS Group Holdings SA
    • Exxonmobil Chemical International Services Limited
    • Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
    • Shanghai Matex Chemicals Co., Ltd.
    • Dowpol Chemical International Corporation
    • RB Products Holding, LLC

第 15 章:战略建议

简介目录
Product Code: 14799

Low Viscosity Poly Alpha Olefin market is anticipated to increase at an impressive rate through 2028. Poly alpha olefin is a synthetic chemical compound used to produce different synthetic lubricants that can be used as a lubricant, oil, and other products. Low-viscosity poly alpha olefin is one of the most conventional & significant synthetic base oil utilized as industrial and automotive lubricants. It has low volatility, excellent low-temperature performance properties, and enhanced oxidative stability compared to mineral oil base stocks.

Due to its different properties, it is demanded by different end-user industries such as aerosol, adhesives/sealants, refining/oil & gas production, lubricant & grease manufacturers, metal working, cosmetics, mining, and other industries. Growing demand for vehicles such as cars, buses, and airplanes, where low-viscosity poly alpha olefin-based lubricant & engine oil is needed, will propel the low-viscosity poly alpha olefin market. Apart from these, government policies and initiatives to push the transportation infrastructure are expected to drive the demand for low-viscosity poly alpha olefin in the forecasted period.

Growing Demand from Automobile Industries is Driving the Market Growth

Growing people's awareness of pollution created by vehicles and developing advanced and powerful engines require innovative and advanced lubrication & oil solution. Creating modern engines and transmissions is impossible without advanced lubricant additive chemicals and appropriate lubricant composition. Low viscosity poly alpha olefin exhibits excellent performance, such as low-temperature fluidity, enhanced thermal & oxidative stability, low volatility, and higher viscosity index that impact the engine performance, such as minimizing oil consumption, better energy efficiency, and others. In developing countries and economies, around 45,772,571 units of vehicles were produced in the year 2021, which is 8% more in number compared to 2020. The low-viscosity poly alpha olefin products are the primary base material for synthetic lubricants and oils used in passenger car engines, heavy-duty diesel engines, transmissions, and gearboxes. Hence, the growing demand for vehicles is expected to propel the low-viscosity poly alpha olefin market in the forecasted period.

Rising Demand from Industrial Application to Propel the Market Growth

Low-viscosity poly alpha olefin lubricants were primarily created and utilized for applications where petroleum products' performance was unsatisfactory such as at extremely high and low temperatures, under extreme survival conditions; however, now application areas have certainly increased. They were also employed in situations where unique characteristics, like long life, increased equipment efficiency, or non-flammability, were required for the smooth functioning of the machine. Low-viscosity poly alpha olefin lubricants are helpful when firms need to reduce costs in areas like machine dependability, oil life, energy consumption, biodegradability, and safety. Currently, different manufacturing units are growing around to satisfy the need & demands of the growing population. The manufacturing sector makes up roughly 16% of the world's GDP and 14% of all employees, as it is gaining significant demand worldwide. Hence, the demand for low-viscosity poly alpha olefin that helps machinery function smoothly is expected to grow. Therefore, the increasing demand for industrial applications is expected to directly influence Low Viscosity Poly Alpha Olefin market growth in the forecasted period.

Increasing Demand from Emerging Economies is Driving the Market Growth

Growing lubrication technologies in gear transmission systems are being driven by operating regulations and performance standards that are getting more stringent. Improved gear lubrication techniques and lubricant compositions are required to fulfill the industrial demands of increasing load capacity, speed, temperature, and performance expectations in various powertrain applications, including automotive, aviation, and marine. Companies are intensively increasing their R&D to develop innovative products and patent them. These steps led firms to enjoy the first mover advantage, the same way as Gillette enjoyed, and became the market leader.

Recent Developments

ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc filed a patent for the product made from low-viscosity poly alpha olefin based on 1-decene and 1-dodecane that will expire in 2026. The PAO comprises a 1-decene and 1-dodecane mixture with low viscosity and excellent cold temperature properties using a promoter system comprising alcohol.

Market Segmentation

Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin market is segmented based on type and application. Based on type, the market is divided into Viscosity of Less than 5 cSt and Viscosity 5-10 cSt. Based on application, the market is divided into aerosol, adhesives/sealants, refining/oil & gas production, lubricant & grease manufacturers, metal working, cosmetics, mining, and others.

Market Players

INEOS Group Holdings S.A., Exxonmobil Chemical International Services Limited, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Shanghai Matex Chemicals Co., Ltd., Dowpol Chemical International Corporation, and RB Products Holding, L.L.C. are the key players operating in the global low viscosity poly alpha olefin market.

Report Scope

In this report, the global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends, which have also been detailed below:

Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market, By Type:

  • Viscosity Less than 5 cSt
  • Viscosity 5-10 cSt

Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market, By Application:

  • Aerosol
  • Adhesives/Sealants
  • Refining/Oil & Gas Production
  • Lubricant & Grease Manufacturers
  • Metal Working
  • Cosmetics
  • Mining
  • Others

Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market, By Region:

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Spain
    • Italy
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Malaysia
    • Australia
    • Japan
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • Egypt

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in global low-viscosity poly alpha olefin market.

Available Customizations

With the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Type Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 4.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 4.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 4.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 4.2.1. By Type (Viscosity Less than 5 cSt, Viscosity 5-10 cSt)
    • 4.2.2. By Application (Aerosol, Adhesives/Sealants, Refining/Oil & Gas Production, Lubricant & Grease Manufacturers, Metal Working, Cosmetics, Mining and Others)
    • 4.2.3. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa)
    • 4.2.4. By Company (2022)
  • 4.3. Market Map
    • 4.3.1. By Type
    • 4.3.2. By Application
    • 4.3.3. By Region

5. North America Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type
    • 5.2.2. By Application
    • 5.2.3. By Country
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. North America: Country Analysis
    • 5.4.1. United States Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 5.4.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 5.4.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 5.4.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 5.4.1.2.1. By Type
        • 5.4.1.2.2. By Application
    • 5.4.2. Mexico Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 5.4.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 5.4.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 5.4.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 5.4.2.2.1. By Type
        • 5.4.2.2.2. By Application
    • 5.4.3. Canada Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 5.4.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 5.4.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 5.4.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 5.4.3.2.1. By Type
        • 5.4.3.2.2. By Application

6. Europe Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Application
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 6.4. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 6.4.1. Germany Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 6.4.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.4.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 6.4.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.4.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.4.1.2.2. By Application
    • 6.4.2. Spain Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 6.4.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.4.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 6.4.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.4.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.4.2.2.2. By Application
    • 6.4.3. United Kingdom Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 6.4.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.4.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 6.4.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.4.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.4.3.2.2. By Application
    • 6.4.4. France Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 6.4.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.4.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 6.4.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.4.4.2.1. By Type
        • 6.4.4.2.2. By Application
    • 6.4.5. Italy Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 6.4.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.4.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 6.4.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.4.5.2.1. By Type
        • 6.4.5.2.2. By Application

7. Asia-Pacific Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Application
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 7.4. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 7.4.1. China Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 7.4.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.4.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.4.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.4.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.4.1.2.2. By Application
    • 7.4.2. Japan Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 7.4.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.4.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.4.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.4.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.4.2.2.2. By Application
    • 7.4.3. India Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 7.4.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.4.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.4.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.4.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.4.3.2.2. By Application
    • 7.4.4. Malaysia Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 7.4.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.4.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.4.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.4.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.4.4.2.2. By Application
    • 7.4.5. Australia Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 7.4.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.4.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.4.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.4.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.4.5.2.2. By Application

8. South America Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Application
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 8.4. South America: Country Analysis
    • 8.4.1. Brazil Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 8.4.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.4.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.4.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.4.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.4.1.2.2. By Application
    • 8.4.2. Colombia Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 8.4.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.4.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.4.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.4.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.4.2.2.2. By Application
    • 8.4.3. Argentina Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 8.4.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.4.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.4.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.4.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.4.3.2.2. By Application

9. Middle East and Africa Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Application
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 9.4. MEA: Country Analysis
    • 9.4.1. South Africa Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 9.4.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.4.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.4.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.4.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.4.1.2.2. By Application
    • 9.4.2. Saudi Arabia Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 9.4.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.4.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.4.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.4.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.4.2.2.2. By Application
    • 9.4.3. UAE Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 9.4.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.4.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.4.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.4.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.4.3.2.2. By Application
    • 9.4.4. Qatar Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 9.4.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.4.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.4.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.4.4.2.1. By Type
        • 9.4.4.2.2. By Application
    • 9.4.5. Egypt Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market Outlook
      • 9.4.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.4.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.4.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.4.5.2.1. By Type
        • 9.4.5.2.2. By Application

10. Market Dynamics

  • 10.1. Drivers
    • 10.1.1. Rising demand for refining/oil & gas production
    • 10.1.2. Growing demand from automobile industries
    • 10.1.3. Rising demand of cosmetic product
  • 10.2. Challenges
    • 10.2.1. Adverse effect on humans
    • 10.2.2. Fluctuation of raw material price

11. Market Trends & Developments

  • 11.1. Intense investment for ongoing R&D
  • 11.2. Product launch
  • 11.3. Merger and Acquisition

12. Global Low Viscosity Poly alpha olefin Market: SWOT Analysis

13. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 13.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 13.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 13.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 13.4. Power of Customers
  • 13.5. Threat of Substitute Type

14. Competitive Landscape

  • 14.1. Business Overview
  • 14.2. Type Offerings
  • 14.3. Recent Developments
  • 14.4. Financials (As Reported)
  • 14.5. Key Personnel
    • 14.5.1. INEOS Group Holdings S.A.
    • 14.5.2. Exxonmobil Chemical International Services Limited
    • 14.5.3. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
    • 14.5.4. Shanghai Matex Chemicals Co., Ltd.
    • 14.5.5. Dowpol Chemical International Corporation
    • 14.5.6. RB Products Holding, L.L.C.

15. Strategic Recommendations