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1361453

水合肼市场 - 2018-2028年全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测,按应用(製药、聚合和发泡剂、农业化学品、水处理等)、地区和竞争细分

Hydrazine Hydrate Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028 Segmented By Application (Pharmaceuticals, Polymerization and Blowing Agents, Agrochemicals, Water Treatment, Others), By Region and Competition

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 178 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

2022年全球水合肼市场估值为4.3015亿美元,预计在预测期内将出现显着增长,预计到2028年复合年增长率(CAGR)为4.69%,预计将达到5.717亿美元到2028 年。水合肼是一种高反应性和多功能的化合物,可应用于各个行业,包括製药、农业化学品、水处理和聚合。它在各种化合物的生产中充当重要的还原剂、除氧剂和化学中间体。

製药应用中对水合肼的需求不断成长

市场概况
预测期 2024-2028
2022 年市场规模 43015万美元
2028F 市场规模 5.7170亿美元
2023-2028 年复合年增长率 4.69%
成长最快的细分市场 聚合和发泡剂
最大的市场 亚太地区

作为催化剂,水合肼可促进药物合成中的基本反应,例如还原、缩合和环化,使化学家能够实现高产率、选择性和纯度。这支持了优质药物化合物的开发,推动了药物合成中对水合肼的需求。

此外,水合肼可用于化学合成和衍生化过程,以改变和增强药物化合物的性质。它与各种官能​​基发生反应,为化学家提供了一种多功能工具来引入所需的功能或改变药物的理化性质。这有助于开发具有改善的生物利用度、稳定性和标靶治疗效果的新药物分子。

此外,水合肼也可作为药品包装中的除氧剂,有效去除药品容器中的残留氧气。这延长了药品的保质期,确保其长期的有效性和安全性。该应用在行业中获得了巨大的关注,进一步增加了对水合肼的需求。

农业应用中水合肼的需求不断成长

水合肼在农业中透过提高作物产量和改善农产品品质发挥关键作用。它是一种有效的植物生长调节剂,促进植物健康生长,提高光合作用效率,并增强作物对养分的吸收。这可以提高作物产量,提高对环境压力的抵抗力,并有效减轻病虫害。

水合肼也可以作为根部生长促进剂,刺激植物根系的健康发育。强大的根係可以更好地从土壤中获得必需的养分和水分,从而改善植物的整体健康和活力。

此外,水合肼有助于缓解农作物的压力和疾病控制,帮助植物应对各种压力因素并对抗细菌和真菌引起的植物疾病。

随着农业产业寻求永续实践和最佳作物生产,水合肼已成为一种有价值的多功能工具。

主要市场挑战

水合肼的有害特性

与水合肼相关的主要挑战之一是其高毒性。接触水合肼会导致严重的健康问题,包括皮肤和眼睛刺激、呼吸问题以及对重要器官的潜在损害。严格的监管措施确保水合肼的安全处理、储存和运输,这可能对其市场成长构成挑战。

此外,如果处理不当或意外释放到生态系中,水合肼可能会对环境产生不利影响。它会污染水源、危害水生生物并造成空气污染。环境问题导致对其使用的审查和监管越来越严格。

水合肼的挥发性和易燃性增加了其处理和储存的复杂性,需要采取特殊的预防措施和安全措施来防止事故。

主要市场趋势

对聚合和发泡剂的需求不断增长

对聚合物泡沫的需求,特别是在汽车、建筑和包装等行业,一直在上升。轻质聚合物泡棉具有提高燃油效率、降低能耗以及增强运输过程中产品保护等优点。聚合剂和发泡剂对于聚合物泡沫的生产至关重要,其中水合肼在两者中起着至关重要的作用。

聚合剂透过将单体连接在一起促进聚合物的形成,而发泡剂在聚合物内引入多孔结构,从而产生具有优异绝缘性能的轻质材料。聚合物泡沫在各行业的采用刺激了对聚合剂和发泡剂的需求。

区域洞察

由于亚太地区在农业、塑胶製造和水处理方面的重要作用,预计到 2022 年,亚太地区将引领全球水合肼市场。肼衍生物可用于除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂和塑胶生产。这些领域的不断进步,以及满足水处理需求的努力,促进了亚太地区对水合肼的需求不断增长。

主要市场参与者

阿科玛公司

凯博化学有限公司

海航实业有限公司

杭州大阳化工有限公司

日本Finechem株式会社

朗盛股份公司

龙沙

矩阵精细化学品有限公司

日本碳化物工业株式会社

大冢MGC化学公司

报告范围:

在本报告中,除了以下详细介绍的产业趋势外,全球水合肼市场也分为以下几类:

  • 水合肼市场,按应用:

药品

聚合和发泡剂

农业化学品

水处理

其他的

  • 水合肼市场,依地区:

北美洲

  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

欧洲

  • 法国
  • 英国
  • 义大利
  • 德国
  • 西班牙

亚太

  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳洲
  • 韩国

南美洲

  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 哥伦比亚

中东和非洲

  • 南非
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿联酋
  • 科威特
  • 土耳其
  • 埃及

竞争格局:

公司简介:全球水合肼市场主要公司的详细分析。

可用的客製化:

全球水合肼市场报告以及给定的市场资料,TechSci Research 根据公司的具体需求提供客製化服务。该报告可以使用以下自订选项:

公司资讯:

  • 其他市场参与者(最多五个)的详细分析和概况分析。

目录

第 1 章:产品概述

  • 市场定义
  • 市场范围
    • 涵盖的市场
    • 考虑学习的年份
    • 主要市场区隔

第 2 章:研究方法

  • 研究目的
  • 基线方法
  • 主要产业伙伴
  • 主要关联和次要应用
  • 预测方法
  • 数据三角测量与验证
  • 假设和限制

第 3 章:执行摘要

  • 市场概况
  • 主要市场细分概述
  • 主要市场参与者概述
  • 重点地区/国家概况
  • 市场驱动因素、挑战、趋势概述

第 4 章:COVID-19 对全球水合肼市场的影响

第 5 章:客户之声

第 6 章:全球水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用(医药、聚合和发泡剂、农业化学品、水处理、其他)
    • 按地区
    • 按公司划分 (2022)
  • 市场地图

第 7 章:亚太地区水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 水合肼
    • 印度水合肼
    • 澳洲水合肼
    • 日本水合肼
    • 韩国水合肼

第 8 章:欧洲水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 法国
    • 德国
    • 西班牙
    • 义大利
    • 英国

第 9 章:北美水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 北美:国家分析
    • 美国
    • 墨西哥
    • 加拿大

第 10 章:南美洲水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 哥伦比亚

第 11 章:中东和非洲水合肼市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按价值和数量
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按应用
    • 按国家/地区
  • MEA:国家分析
    • 南非水合肼
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯 水合肼
    • 阿联酋水合肼
    • 埃及 水合肼

第 12 章:市场动态

  • 司机
  • 挑战

第 13 章:市场趋势与发展

  • 最近的发展
  • 产品发布
  • 併购

第 14 章:全球水合肼市场:SWOT 分析

第 15 章:波特的五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的潜力
  • 供应商的力量
  • 客户的力量
  • 替代产品的威胁

第 16 章:大环境分析

第 17 章:定价分析

第18章:竞争格局

  • 商业概览
  • 公司概况
  • 产品与服务
  • 财务(上市公司)
  • 最近的发展
    • Arkema Inc.
    • Capot Chemical Co. Ltd
    • HAIHANG INDUSTRY CO. LTD
    • Hangzhou Dayangchem Co. Ltd
    • Japan Finechem Inc.
    • LANXESS AG
    • Lonza
    • Matrix Fine Chemicals GmbH
    • NIPPON CARBIDE INDUSTRIES CO. INC.
    • Otsuka-MGC Chemical Company Inc.

第 19 章:策略建议

第 20 章:关于我们与免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 2223

The Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market achieved a valuation of USD 430.15 million in 2022 and is expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.69% through 2028 and is expected to reach at USD 571.70 million by 2028. Hydrazine hydrate, a highly reactive and versatile chemical compound, finds applications across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, water treatment, and polymerization. It serves as a crucial reducing agent, oxygen scavenger, and chemical intermediate in the production of various compounds.

Growing Demand for Hydrazine Hydrate in Pharmaceutical Applications

Hydrazine hydrate plays a significant role in various drug synthesis processes, acting as a crucial catalytic agent. It is widely recognized for its versatile applications in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, including hydrazones, hydrazides, and azides. These intermediates serve as key building blocks in the synthesis of numerous drugs, including anti-cancer medications, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiviral drugs.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2024-2028
Market Size 2022USD 430.15 million
Market Size 2028FUSD 571.70 million
CAGR 2023-20284.69%
Fastest Growing SegmentPolymerization and Blowing Agents
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

As a catalyst, hydrazine hydrate facilitates essential reactions in drug synthesis, such as reduction, condensation, and cyclization, enabling chemists to achieve high yields, selectivity, and purity. This supports the development of pharmaceutical compounds with superior quality, driving the demand for hydrazine hydrate in drug synthesis.

Moreover, hydrazine hydrate finds utility in chemical synthesis and derivatization processes to modify and enhance the properties of pharmaceutical compounds. It reacts with various functional groups, offering chemists a versatile tool to introduce desired functionalities or alter the physicochemical properties of drugs. This contributes to the development of new drug molecules with improved bioavailability, stability, and targeted therapeutic effects.

Additionally, hydrazine hydrate serves as an oxygen scavenger in pharmaceutical packaging, effectively removing residual oxygen from drug containers. This extends the shelf life of pharmaceutical products, ensuring their efficacy and safety over time. This application has gained significant traction in the industry, further boosting the demand for hydrazine hydrate.

Growing Demand for Hydrazine Hydrate in Agriculture Applications

Hydrazine hydrate plays a pivotal role in agriculture by enhancing crop yield and improving the quality of agricultural produce. It serves as an effective plant growth regulator, promoting healthy plant growth, increasing photosynthesis efficiency, and enhancing nutrient uptake by crops. This leads to higher crop yields, improved resistance to environmental stresses, and effective mitigation of diseases and pests.

Hydrazine hydrate also acts as a root growth enhancer, stimulating robust root development for plants. Strong root systems provide better access to essential nutrients and water from the soil, resulting in improved overall plant health and vitality.

Additionally, hydrazine hydrate aids in stress mitigation and disease control in agricultural crops, helping plants cope with various stress factors and combat plant diseases caused by bacteria and fungi.

As the agricultural industry seeks sustainable practices and optimal crop production, hydrazine hydrate has emerged as a valuable and versatile tool.

Key Market Challenges

Harmful Properties of Hydrazine Hydrate

One of the primary challenges associated with hydrazine hydrate is its high toxicity. Exposure to hydrazine hydrate can lead to severe health issues, including skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and potential damage to vital organs. Strict regulatory measures are in place to ensure safe handling, storage, and transportation of hydrazine hydrate, which can pose challenges for its market growth.

Furthermore, hydrazine hydrate can have adverse environmental effects if improperly disposed of or accidentally released into ecosystems. It can contaminate water sources, harm aquatic life, and contribute to air pollution. Environmental concerns have led to increased scrutiny and regulations surrounding its use.

The volatility and flammability of hydrazine hydrate add complexity to its handling and storage, necessitating special precautions and safety measures to prevent accidents.

Key Market Trends

Growing Demand for Polymerization and Blowing Agents

The demand for polymer foams, particularly in industries such as automotive, construction, and packaging, has been on the rise. Lightweight polymer foams offer advantages such as improved fuel efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and enhanced product protection during transportation. Polymerization agents and blowing agents, with hydrazine hydrate playing a crucial role in both, are essential for the production of polymer foams.

Polymerization agents facilitate the formation of polymers by linking monomers together, while blowing agents introduce a cellular structure within polymers, resulting in lightweight materials with excellent insulation properties. The adoption of polymer foams across industries has fueled the demand for both polymerization and blowing agents.

Regional Insights

Asia Pacific leads the Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market in 2022, driven by its significant role in agriculture, plastics manufacturing, and water treatment. Hydrazine derivatives find applications in herbicides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, and plastic production. The continuous advancements in these sectors, along with efforts to address water treatment needs, contribute to the growing demand for hydrazine hydrate in the Asia Pacific region.

Key Market Players

Arkema Inc.

Capot Chemical Co. Ltd

HAIHANG INDUSTRY CO. LTD

Hangzhou Dayangchem Co. Ltd

Japan Finechem Inc.

LANXESS AG

Lonza

Matrix Fine Chemicals GmbH

NIPPON CARBIDE INDUSTRIES CO. INC.

Otsuka-MGC Chemical Company Inc.

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

  • Hydrazine Hydrate Market, By Application:

Pharmaceuticals

Polymerization and Blowing Agents

Agrochemicals

Water Treatment

Others

  • Hydrazine Hydrate Market, By Region:

North America

  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico

Europe

  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain

Asia-Pacific

  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea

South America

  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia

Middle East & Africa

  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Kuwait
  • Turkey
  • Egypt

Competitive Landscape:

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information:

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Applications
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Impact of COVID-19 on Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market

5. Voice of Customer

6. Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Application (Pharmaceuticals, Polymerization and Blowing Agents, Agrochemicals, Water Treatment, Others)
    • 6.2.2. By Region
    • 6.2.3. By Company (2022)
  • 6.3. Market Map

7. Asia Pacific Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Application
    • 7.2.2. By Country
  • 7.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. China Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Application
    • 7.3.2. India Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Application
    • 7.3.3. Australia Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Application
    • 7.3.4. Japan Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Application
    • 7.3.5. South Korea Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Application

8. Europe Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Application
    • 8.2.2. By Country
  • 8.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. France Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Application
    • 8.3.2. Germany Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Application
    • 8.3.3. Spain Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Application
    • 8.3.4. Italy Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Application
    • 8.3.5. United Kingdom Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Application

9. North America Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Application
    • 9.2.2. By Country
  • 9.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. United States Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Application
    • 9.3.2. Mexico Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Application
    • 9.3.3. Canada Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Application

10. South America Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Application
    • 10.2.2. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Application
    • 10.3.2. Argentina Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Application
    • 10.3.3. Colombia Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Application

11. Middle East and Africa Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook

  • 11.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 11.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 11.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 11.2.1. By Application
    • 11.2.2. By Country
  • 11.3. MEA: Country Analysis
    • 11.3.1. South Africa Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 11.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.1.2.1. By Application
    • 11.3.2. Saudi Arabia Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 11.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.2.2.1. By Application
    • 11.3.3. UAE Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 11.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.3.2.1. By Application
    • 11.3.4. Egypt Hydrazine Hydrate Market Outlook
      • 11.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.4.2.1. By Application

12. Market Dynamics

  • 12.1. Drivers
  • 12.2. Challenges

13. Market Trends & Developments

  • 13.1. Recent Developments
  • 13.2. Product Launches
  • 13.3. Mergers & Acquisitions

14. Global Hydrazine Hydrate Market: SWOT Analysis

15. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 15.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 15.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 15.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 15.4. Power of Customers
  • 15.5. Threat of Substitute Product

16. PESTLE Analysis

17. Pricing Analysis

18. Competitive Landscape

  • 18.1. Business Overview
  • 18.2. Company Snapshot
  • 18.3. Products & Services
  • 18.4. Financials (In case of listed companies)
  • 18.5. Recent Developments
    • 18.5.1. Arkema Inc.
    • 18.5.2. Capot Chemical Co. Ltd
    • 18.5.3. HAIHANG INDUSTRY CO. LTD
    • 18.5.4. Hangzhou Dayangchem Co. Ltd
    • 18.5.5. Japan Finechem Inc.
    • 18.5.6. LANXESS AG
    • 18.5.7. Lonza
    • 18.5.8. Matrix Fine Chemicals GmbH
    • 18.5.9. NIPPON CARBIDE INDUSTRIES CO. INC.
    • 18.5.10. Otsuka-MGC Chemical Company Inc.

19. Strategic Recommendations

20. About Us & Disclaimer