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市场调查报告书
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1778951

适体市场 - 全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测,按类型、按技术、按应用、按最终用户、按地区和竞争细分,2020-2030 年

Aptamers Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented by Type, By Technology, By Application, By End user, By Region & Competition, 2020-2030F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 188 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

2024 年全球适体市场价值为 20.5 亿美元,预计到 2030 年将达到 30.7 亿美元,预测期内的复合年增长率为 7.11%。受生物技术进步和标靶治疗及诊断需求不断增长的推动,全球适体市场正经历显着成长。适体是短的单股 DNA 或 RNA 分子,可以选择性地与特定标靶(如蛋白质、细胞或小分子)结合。它们的高特异性、低免疫原性和易于合成使其成为许多生物医学应用中抗体的有希望的替代品。推动市场向前发展的关键因素之一是人们对个人化医疗的兴趣日益浓厚。适体在精准治疗的开发中发挥着至关重要的作用,它可以提供量身定制的治疗方案并减少副作用。随着研究人员探索其在识别生物标记和将药物直接递送到肿瘤细胞方面的潜力,它们在癌症诊断和治疗中的实用性受到了特别的关注。例如,2023年1月,马来西亚生物科技新创公司Biogenes Technologies从PESB获得了570万美元的A轮融资。这笔投资将支持其在东南亚(包括菲律宾和印尼)扩展专有技术平台。该公司还计划将年产量扩大到1000万个检测试剂盒,并推动基于适体的诊断解决方案的开发。

市场概览
预测期 2026-2030
2024年市场规模 20.5亿美元
2030年市场规模 30.7亿美元
2025-2030 年复合年增长率 7.11%
成长最快的领域 製药和生物技术公司
最大的市场 北美洲

除了治疗应用外,适体也广泛应用于生物感测器和分子影像等诊断平台。它们能够提供快速、准确且经济高效的结果,使其成为即时检测的理想选择,而即时检测在全球医疗保健系统中的需求日益增长。适体正被整合到研究工具和检测方法中,从而提高分子生物学技术的效率。此外,製药公司、研究机构和生技新创公司之间的合作也日益增多,这促进了创新并拓展了适体的应用前景。然而,诸如监管复杂性、有限的临床验证以及成熟抗体技术的竞争等挑战仍需应对。儘管存在这些障碍,但适体筛选和修饰技术的持续进步有望克服目前的局限性,为其更广泛的应用铺平道路。随着研发投入的持续增加以及对适体功能理解的不断加深,全球适体市场有望在未来几年稳步成长,成为现代诊断和标靶治疗的重要组成部分。

关键市场驱动因素

针对性和个人化治疗的需求不断增长

主要市场挑战

来自成熟技术的竞争

主要市场趋势

研发投入不断增加

目录

第 1 章:产品概述

第二章:研究方法

第三章:执行摘要

第四章:顾客之声

第五章:全球适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
    • 按价值
  • 市场占有率和预测
    • 依类型(DNA适体、XNA适体、RNA适体)
    • 按技术(SELEX、其他)
    • 按应用(治疗学发展、研究与发展、诊断、其他)
    • 按最终用户(製药和生物技术公司、学术和研究机构、合约研究组织等)
    • 按地区(北美、欧洲、亚太、南美、中东和非洲)
    • 按公司分类(2024)
  • 市场地图

第六章:北美适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
  • 市场占有率和预测
  • 北美:国家分析
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第七章:欧洲适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
  • 市场占有率和预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 法国
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

第八章:亚太适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
  • 市场占有率和预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

第九章:南美洲适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
  • 市场占有率和预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 哥伦比亚

第十章:中东与非洲适体市场展望

  • 市场规模和预测
  • 市场占有率和预测
  • MEA:国家分析
    • 南非
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿联酋

第 11 章:市场动态

  • 驱动程式
  • 挑战

第 12 章:市场趋势与发展

  • 近期发展
  • 併购
  • 产品发布

第 13 章:全球适体市场:SWOT 分析

第 14 章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的潜力
  • 供应商的力量
  • 顾客的力量
  • 替代产品的威胁

第 15 章:竞争格局

第 15 章:1 适体组

第 15 章:2 适体发现组

第 15 章:3 Somalogic Inc.

第 15 章:4 Aptamer Sciences, Inc.

第 15 章:5 Aptagen LLC。

第 15 章:6 Maravai 生命科学。

第 15 章:7 钟渊公司。

第 15 章:8 Neoventures Biotechnology Inc.

第 15 章:9 Aptus 生物技术。

第 15 章:10 个碱基对生物技术。

第 16 章:策略建议

第17章调查会社について・免责事项

简介目录
Product Code: 14633

Global Aptamers Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 3.07 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 7.11% during the forecast period. The global aptamers market is experiencing significant growth, driven by advancements in biotechnology and increasing demand for targeted therapeutics and diagnostics. Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind selectively to specific targets, such as proteins, cells, or small molecules. Their high specificity, low immunogenicity, and ease of synthesis make them a promising alternative to antibodies in many biomedical applications. One of the key factors propelling the market forward is the growing interest in personalized medicine. Aptamers play a crucial role in the development of precision therapies, offering tailored treatment options with reduced side effects. Their utility in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics has gained particular attention, as researchers explore their potential in identifying biomarkers and delivering drugs directly to tumor cells. For instance, in January 2023, Malaysian biotech startup Biogenes Technologies secured $5.7 million in Series A funding from PESB. The investment supports expansion of proprietary technology platforms across Southeast Asia, including the Philippines and Indonesia. It also aims to scale production to 10 million test kits annually and advance the development of aptamer-based diagnostic solutions.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2026-2030
Market Size 2024USD 2.05 Billion
Market Size 2030USD 3.07 Billion
CAGR 2025-20307.11%
Fastest Growing SegmentPharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies
Largest MarketNorth America

In addition to therapeutics, aptamers are being widely utilized in diagnostic platforms, including biosensors and molecular imaging. Their ability to provide rapid, accurate, and cost-effective results makes them ideal for point-of-care testing, which is increasingly in demand across healthcare systems worldwide. Aptamers are being integrated into research tools and assays, enhancing the efficiency of molecular biology techniques. The market is also witnessing a rise in collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and biotech startups, fostering innovation and expanding the aptamer application landscape. However, challenges such as regulatory complexities, limited clinical validation, and competition from established antibody technologies still need to be addressed. Despite these hurdles, ongoing technological advancements in aptamer selection and modification techniques are expected to overcome current limitations, paving the way for broader adoption. With continuous investments in R\&D and a growing understanding of aptamer functionalities, the global aptamers market is poised to expand steadily in the coming years, becoming a vital component of modern diagnostics and targeted therapeutics.

Key Market Drivers

Rising Demand for Targeted and Personalized Therapies

The rising demand for targeted and personalized therapies is a significant driver of growth in the global aptamers market. As the healthcare industry shifts toward precision medicine, there is increasing emphasis on treatments that are tailored to individual patient profiles. Aptamers, due to their high specificity and binding affinity to molecular targets, play a central role in this shift. Their unique ability to bind selectively to a wide range of biomarkers makes them highly suitable for use in targeted drug delivery and disease-specific diagnostics. In oncology, for example, aptamers can be designed to recognize cancer-specific antigens, enabling the delivery of therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. This approach not only enhances treatment efficacy but also reduces damage to healthy tissues, minimizing side effects and improving patient outcomes. The demand for such precision-targeted treatments continues to grow, especially as more cancers and chronic diseases are better understood at the molecular level. Aptamers also support the development of companion diagnostics, which are essential in identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from specific therapies. Their synthetic nature allows for rapid and cost-effective production, which aligns well with the fast-paced needs of personalized healthcare.

The integration of aptamers in personalized therapeutic platforms reflects a broader transformation in clinical practice. With continued research and innovation, their role is expanding from diagnostic support to active components of targeted treatments. This shift is fueling the expansion of the aptamers market, as more pharmaceutical and biotech companies invest in developing aptamer-based therapeutics that address the growing demand for individualized care.

Key Market Challenges

Competition from Established Technologies

Competition from established technologies, particularly monoclonal antibodies, presents a major challenge to the growth of the global aptamers market. Monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in diagnostics and therapeutics for decades and are regarded as the gold standard due to their proven efficacy, high specificity, and long history of clinical use. Their success across various disease areas, including oncology, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases, has created a strong foundation of trust among clinicians, researchers, and regulatory bodies. Aptamers, while offering advantages such as lower immunogenicity and easier synthesis, still face difficulty gaining traction in a market dominated by antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies benefit from well-established manufacturing protocols, large-scale production infrastructure, and clear regulatory pathways. These factors contribute to their continued preference in drug development and diagnostic tool design. The extensive investment and familiarity with antibody technologies make healthcare providers less likely to adopt newer, less-proven alternatives unless they offer significantly better performance or cost savings. The large volume of existing antibody-based products also means that aptamers must demonstrate superior or unique capabilities to differentiate themselves. The inertia created by widespread clinical use, established supply chains, and extensive validation of antibody-based systems poses a barrier for aptamer developers. Convincing stakeholders to transition to or invest in aptamer platforms requires not only innovation but also clear clinical and economic benefits. Overcoming this competitive landscape will depend on strategic positioning, targeted applications where aptamers outperform antibodies, and generating compelling evidence of their real-world utility. Without this, aptamers may remain limited to niche applications despite their potential.

Key Market Trends

Growing Investment in Research and Development

Growing investment in research and development (R&D) is significantly shaping the landscape of the global aptamers market. As interest in aptamer technology expands, companies and research institutions are dedicating substantial resources to innovate and refine aptamer selection, synthesis, and application methods. This surge in funding accelerates the pace of discovery and enhances the quality and functionality of aptamers, opening new possibilities in both diagnostics and therapeutics. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms are particularly active in this space, recognizing aptamers as promising alternatives to traditional biologics. Investments focus on overcoming existing challenges such as stability, delivery, and large-scale manufacturing. Increased R&D efforts are resulting in novel chemical modifications and conjugation techniques that improve aptamer performance and broaden their potential clinical uses.

Collaborations between academic institutions and industry players are becoming more common, facilitating knowledge exchange and the development of cutting-edge technologies. These partnerships help translate laboratory breakthroughs into commercially viable products more efficiently. Research organizations are also exploring the integration of computational methods, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, to optimize aptamer design and predict binding efficiencies, which further enhances development speed and reduces costs. Government funding and supportive policies play an important role by encouraging innovation in the field and providing grants for projects focusing on aptamer-based solutions. This support boosts confidence among private investors and companies, fostering a favorable environment for sustained R&D investment. The continuous growth in R&D spending is expected to drive significant advancements in aptamer technology, enabling more effective diagnostics, personalized therapies, and targeted drug delivery systems. This momentum will be crucial for expanding the market and establishing aptamers as key players in the future of medical science.

Key Market Players

  • Aptamer Group
  • Raptamer Discovery Group
  • Somalogic Inc.
  • Aptamer Sciences, Inc.
  • Aptagen LLC.
  • Maravai Lifesciences.
  • Kaneka Corporation.
  • Neoventures Biotechnology Inc.
  • Aptus Biotech.
  • Base Pair Biotechnologies.

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Aptamers Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Aptamers Market, By Type:

  • DNA Aptamers
  • XNA Aptamers
  • RNA Aptamers

Aptamers Market, By Technology:

  • SELEX
  • Others

Aptamers Market, By Application:

  • Therapeutics Development
  • Research & Development
  • Diagnostics
  • Others

Aptamers Market, By End user:

  • Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies
  • Academic & Research Institutions
  • Contract Research Organizations
  • Others

Aptamers Market, By Region:

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Aptamers Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Aptamers Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research, offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (DNA Aptamers, XNA Aptamers, RNA Aptamers)
    • 5.2.2. By Technology (SELEX, Others)
    • 5.2.3. By Application (Therapeutics Development, Research & Development, Diagnostics, Others)
    • 5.2.4. By End user (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Academic & Research Institutions, Contract Research Organizations, Others)
    • 5.2.5. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa)
    • 5.2.6. By Company (2024)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Technology
    • 6.2.3. By Application
    • 6.2.4. By End user
    • 6.2.5. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Technology
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Application
        • 6.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 6.3.2. Canada Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Technology
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Application
        • 6.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Technology
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Application
        • 6.3.3.2.4. By End User

7. Europe Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Technology
    • 7.2.3. By Application
    • 7.2.4. By End user
    • 7.2.5. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. France Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Technology
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Application
        • 7.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.2. Germany Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Technology
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Application
        • 7.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Technology
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Application
        • 7.3.3.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.4. Italy Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Technology
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Application
        • 7.3.4.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.5. Spain Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Technology
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Application
        • 7.3.5.2.4. By End User

8. Asia-Pacific Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Technology
    • 8.2.3. By Application
    • 8.2.4. By End user
    • 8.2.5. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Technology
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Application
        • 8.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.2. India Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Technology
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Application
        • 8.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.3. Japan Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Technology
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Application
        • 8.3.3.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Technology
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Application
        • 8.3.4.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.5. Australia Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Technology
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Application
        • 8.3.5.2.4. By End User

9. South America Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Technology
    • 9.2.3. By Application
    • 9.2.4. By End user
    • 9.2.5. By Country
  • 9.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Brazil Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Technology
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Application
        • 9.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.2. Argentina Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Technology
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Application
        • 9.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.3. Colombia Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Technology
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Application
        • 9.3.3.2.4. By End User

10. Middle East and Africa Aptamers Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By Technology
    • 10.2.3. By Application
    • 10.2.4. By End user
    • 10.2.5. By Country
  • 10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. South Africa Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Technology
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Application
        • 10.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Technology
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Application
        • 10.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 10.3.3. UAE Aptamers Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Technology
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Application
        • 10.3.3.2.4. By End User

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Recent Development
  • 12.2. Mergers & Acquisitions
  • 12.3. Product Launches

13. Global Aptamers Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

15.1 Aptamer Group

15.2 Raptamer Discovery Group

15.3 Somalogic Inc.

15.4 Aptamer Sciences, Inc.

15.5 Aptagen LLC.

15.6 Maravai Lifesciences.

15.7 Kaneka Corporation.

15.8 Neoventures Biotechnology Inc.

15.9 Aptus Biotech.

15.10 Base Pair Biotechnologies.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer