钾离子电池市场－全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测，细分领域，按应用、按类型、按最终用户、按销售管道、按地区、按竞争，2020-2030 年预测

2024 年钾离子电池市值为 9.0084 亿美元，预计到 2030 年将达到 27.5782 亿美元，复合年增长率为 20.32%。钾离子电池市场是指储能产业中专注于开发、生产和商业化可充电电池的领域，这种电池使用钾离子作为主要电荷载体，而不是更常用的锂或钠离子。钾离子电池 (KIB) 因其丰富的可用性、低成本和良好的电化学性能而成为一种很有前途的替代储能解决方案。这些电池的运作原理与锂离子电池相似，但具有独特的优势，例如更快的离子迁移率、更好的低温性能以及与铝集流体的兼容性，进一步降低了整体系统成本。

该市场涵盖各种组件，包括正极、负极、电解质和隔膜，这些组件经过专门设计，以适应钾更大的离子半径及其反应性。钾离子电池市场在电动车 (EV)、再生能源储存系统、消费性电子产品和工业备用电源解决方案等领域日益受到关注，这些领域对经济高效且可扩展的电池技术的需求日益增长。此外，随着人们对电池永续性和供应限制的担忧日益加剧，钾离子电池市场正在成为电动车、再生能源储存系统、消费性电子产品和工业备用电源解决方案等领域的焦点。

关键市场驱动因素

丰富的原料供应和成本优势

主要市场挑战

商业化和技术成熟度有限

主要市场趋势

日益关注具有成本效益且储量丰富的锂离子电池替代品

目录

第 1 章：产品概述

第二章：研究方法

第三章：执行摘要

第四章：顾客之声

第五章：全球钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
  • 按价值
• 市场占有率和预测
  • 按应用（电动车、储能係统、消费性电子产品、便携式设备）
  • 依类型（棱柱形、圆柱形、袋装）
  • 按最终用户（汽车、工业、商业）
  • 依销售管道（直销、分销商、网上销售）
  • 按地区
• 按公司分类（2024）
• 市场地图

第六章：北美钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 北美：国家分析
  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

第七章：欧洲钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 欧洲：国家分析
  • 德国
  • 英国
  • 义大利
  • 法国
  • 西班牙

第八章：亚太钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 亚太地区：国家分析
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韩国
  • 澳洲

第九章：南美洲钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 南美洲：国家分析
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 哥伦比亚

第十章：中东与非洲钾离子电池市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 中东和非洲：国家分析
  • 南非
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿联酋
  • 科威特
  • 土耳其

第 11 章：市场动态

• 驱动程式
• 挑战

第 12 章：市场趋势与发展

• 合併与收购（如有）
• 产品发布（如有）
• 最新动态

第十三章：公司简介

• Natron Energy, Inc.
• Tiamat Energy
• Zhejiang China Amperex Technology Limited (CATL)
• Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd.
• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL)
• Faradion Limited
• Kaleidoscope Advanced Battery Systems, Inc.
• LeydenJar Technologies BV
• Altris AB
• Ambri, Inc.

第 14 章：策略建议

第15章调查会社について・免责事项

Potassium Ion Battery Market was valued at USD 900.84 Million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 2757.82 Million by 2030 with a CAGR of 20.32%. The potassium ion battery market refers to the segment of the energy storage industry focused on the development, production, and commercialization of rechargeable batteries that utilize potassium ions as the primary charge carriers, instead of the more commonly used lithium or sodium ions. Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as a promising alternative energy storage solution due to the abundant availability, low cost, and favorable electrochemical properties of potassium. These batteries operate on similar principles to lithium-ion batteries but offer distinct advantages such as faster ion mobility, improved performance in cold temperatures, and compatibility with aluminum current collectors, which further reduces overall system cost.

The market encompasses various components including cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and separators specifically engineered to accommodate potassium's larger ionic radius and its reactivity profile. The potassium ion battery market is gaining attention in sectors such as electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage systems, consumer electronics, and industrial power backup solutions, where cost-effective and scalable battery technologies are increasingly in demand. Furthermore, with growing concerns around the sustainability and supply limita

Key Market Drivers

Abundant Raw Material Availability and Cost Advantages

One of the most significant drivers fueling the growth of the potassium ion battery market is the widespread availability and low cost of potassium as a raw material. Compared to lithium, which is concentrated in specific geographic regions and subject to price volatility due to geopolitical and supply chain constraints, potassium is more evenly distributed globally and can be extracted from abundant sources such as potash and sea water. This broad availability ensures a more stable and predictable supply chain for manufacturers, reducing the risk of material shortages and pricing fluctuations that often impact lithium-ion battery production.

As the global demand for energy storage continues to escalate, especially with the expansion of electric vehicles, grid storage, and portable electronics, potassium ion batteries offer a cost-effective alternative that can alleviate raw material sourcing challenges. Additionally, the mining and extraction processes for potassium are generally less environmentally damaging and less capital-intensive than those required for lithium and cobalt, positioning potassium ion technology as a more sustainable and economically viable solution. These cost benefits are particularly attractive for manufacturers seeking to reduce total production costs and offer competitive battery solutions to end users.

With growing pressure to localize battery supply chains and reduce dependency on critical raw materials that are susceptible to global disruptions, the shift toward potassium-based chemistries becomes even more strategic. Moreover, potassium ion batteries typically use more readily available aluminum for the anode current collector instead of the copper used in lithium-ion batteries, further reducing material costs. This cumulative reduction in material dependency, production complexity, and supply chain bottlenecks makes potassium ion batteries a compelling option for various industries aiming to scale their energy storage capabilities without being constrained by lithium-related cost and availability issues. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up about 2.1% by weight. Global reserves of potassium-bearing minerals exceed 250 billion tons. Extraction and processing costs for potassium-based materials are up to 40% lower than lithium. Countries like Canada, Russia, and Belarus account for over 60% of global potassium production. Raw material availability enables scalability, with potential to support battery production at over 1,000 GWh annually. Potassium salts are significantly less expensive, reducing material costs by up to 30% compared to lithium-based chemistries. Local sourcing potential in multiple regions reduces supply chain risk and transportation costs.

Key Market Challenges

Limited Commercialization and Technological Maturity

One of the primary challenges facing the potassium-ion battery market is the limited level of commercialization and the overall early-stage maturity of the technology. Despite being a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of potassium, the technology is still in the research and development phase and lacks widespread industrial-scale deployment. This immaturity leads to a lack of standardized production methods, underdeveloped supply chains, and limited manufacturing infrastructure, all of which hinder the market's ability to scale efficiently.

Many prototypes and experimental models have demonstrated encouraging performance in laboratory settings, but translating those results into mass-producible, reliable, and economically viable products remains a significant hurdle. Challenges persist in areas such as energy density, cycle life, electrode compatibility, and electrolyte optimization, with current potassium-ion systems not yet meeting the performance benchmarks set by established lithium-ion technologies. Moreover, limited investment from large battery manufacturers and a cautious approach by end-use industries have slowed down the rate of technological adoption and commercialization.

The uncertainty surrounding performance consistency, safety under various operating conditions, and long-term degradation also adds to concerns among potential users, especially in high-stakes applications such as electric vehicles and grid energy storage. In addition, academic and industry collaborations are still evolving, which affects the speed of knowledge transfer and practical development. The lack of pilot-scale demonstration projects and commercial success stories further weakens investor confidence, limiting funding opportunities that are critical to drive R&D and scale operations.

The absence of a well-established ecosystem-ranging from material sourcing and component manufacturing to integration and after-sales service-places potassium-ion batteries at a disadvantage compared to more mature technologies. Until a complete value chain is developed and proven in real-world applications, the potassium-ion battery market will continue to face commercialization bottlenecks. Addressing these limitations will require coordinated efforts from research institutions, private enterprises, and government bodies to support pilot projects, incentivize innovation, and develop infrastructure conducive to scaling up production and deployment.

Key Market Trends

Growing Focus on Cost-Effective and Abundant Alternatives to Lithium-Ion Batteries

The potassium ion battery market is witnessing a significant shift in focus as researchers, manufacturers, and investors increasingly pursue cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion technology. With the rapid global expansion of electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and portable electronics, the demand for batteries has soared, placing considerable pressure on the supply chain and pricing of lithium and cobalt-key materials in lithium-ion batteries. Potassium, being far more abundant and evenly distributed globally, presents a promising solution to the resource scarcity challenge. Its lower material cost and reduced geopolitical dependency make it an attractive option for large-scale energy storage and mobility applications.

This trend is further reinforced by potassium's compatibility with aluminum current collectors and the ability to use graphite as an anode, which simplifies manufacturing and reduces costs. Additionally, potassium ion batteries offer a faster ionic conductivity in electrolytes due to the smaller hydration radius of potassium ions compared to lithium, resulting in better charge-discharge performance. As battery manufacturers strive to reduce dependency on rare and expensive materials, potassium ion technology is emerging as a favorable solution, particularly for grid-scale energy storage where weight and size are less critical than cost and cycle life. The increasing number of pilot projects and R&D investments in potassium-based systems is evidence of the growing commitment to developing this alternative.

Governments and industry leaders are collaborating on initiatives to scale up production capabilities, enhance performance efficiency, and establish robust supply chains for potassium-based components. Furthermore, potassium's compatibility with existing battery infrastructure allows manufacturers to adapt current processes with minimal changes, reducing the entry barrier and encouraging market adoption. As the world seeks more affordable, scalable, and environmentally sustainable energy storage options, the momentum around potassium ion batteries continues to grow, positioning them as a key trend shaping the future of battery technology.

Key Market Players

• Natron Energy, Inc.
• Tiamat Energy
• Zhejiang China Amperex Technology Limited (CATL)
• Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd.
• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL)
• Faradion Limited
• Kaleidoscope Advanced Battery Systems, Inc.
• LeydenJar Technologies B.V.
• Altris AB
• Ambri, Inc.

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Potassium Ion Battery Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Potassium Ion Battery Market, By Application:

• Electric Vehicles
• Energy Storage Systems
• Consumer Electronics
• Portable Devices

Potassium Ion Battery Market, By Type:

• Prismatic
• Cylindrical
• Pouch

Potassium Ion Battery Market, By End-User:

• Automotive
• Industrial
• Commercial

Potassium Ion Battery Market, By Sales Channel:

• Direct Sales
• Distributors
• Online Sales

Potassium Ion Battery Market, By Region:

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Kuwait
  • Turkey

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies presents in the Global Potassium Ion Battery Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Potassium Ion Battery Market report with the given Market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional Market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
• 1.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Formulation of the Scope
• 2.4. Assumptions and Limitations
• 2.5. Sources of Research
  • 2.5.1. Secondary Research
  • 2.5.2. Primary Research
• 2.6. Approach for the Market Study
  • 2.6.1. The Bottom-Up Approach
  • 2.6.2. The Top-Down Approach
• 2.7. Methodology Followed for Calculation of Market Size & Market Shares
• 2.8. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.8.1. Data Triangulation & Validation

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Application (Electric Vehicles, Energy Storage Systems, Consumer Electronics, Portable Devices)
  • 5.2.2. By Type (Prismatic, Cylindrical, Pouch)
  • 5.2.3. By End-User (Automotive, Industrial, Commercial)
  • 5.2.4. By Sales Channel (Direct Sales, Distributors, Online Sales)
  • 5.2.5. By Region
• 5.3. By Company (2024)
• 5.4. Market Map

6. North America Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Application
  • 6.2.2. By Type
  • 6.2.3. By End-User
  • 6.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 6.2.5. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Application
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Type
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End-User
      • 6.3.1.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 6.3.2. Canada Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Application
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Type
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End-User
      • 6.3.2.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Application
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Type
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End-User
      • 6.3.3.2.4. By Sales Channel

7. Europe Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Application
  • 7.2.2. By Type
  • 7.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 7.2.5. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Application
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Type
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End-User
      • 7.3.1.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 7.3.2. United Kingdom Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Application
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Type
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End-User
      • 7.3.2.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 7.3.3. Italy Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Application
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Type
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End-User
      • 7.3.3.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 7.3.4. France Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Application
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Type
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End-User
      • 7.3.4.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 7.3.5. Spain Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Application
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Type
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End-User
      • 7.3.5.2.4. By Sales Channel

8. Asia-Pacific Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Application
  • 8.2.2. By Type
  • 8.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 8.2.5. By Country
• 8.3. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Application
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Type
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End-User
      • 8.3.1.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 8.3.2. India Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Application
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Type
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End-User
      • 8.3.2.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 8.3.3. Japan Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Application
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Type
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End-User
      • 8.3.3.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Application
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Type
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End-User
      • 8.3.4.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 8.3.5. Australia Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Application
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Type
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End-User
      • 8.3.5.2.4. By Sales Channel

9. South America Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Application
  • 9.2.2. By Type
  • 9.2.3. By End-User
  • 9.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 9.2.5. By Country
• 9.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Brazil Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Application
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Type
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End-User
      • 9.3.1.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 9.3.2. Argentina Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Application
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Type
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End-User
      • 9.3.2.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 9.3.3. Colombia Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Application
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Type
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End-User
      • 9.3.3.2.4. By Sales Channel

10. Middle East and Africa Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Application
  • 10.2.2. By Type
  • 10.2.3. By End-User
  • 10.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 10.2.5. By Country
• 10.3. Middle East and Africa: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. South Africa Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Application
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Type
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End-User
      • 10.3.1.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Application
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Type
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End-User
      • 10.3.2.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 10.3.3. UAE Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Application
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Type
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End-User
      • 10.3.3.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 10.3.4. Kuwait Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 10.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.4.2.1. By Application
      • 10.3.4.2.2. By Type
      • 10.3.4.2.3. By End-User
      • 10.3.4.2.4. By Sales Channel
  • 10.3.5. Turkey Potassium Ion Battery Market Outlook
    • 10.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.5.2.1. By Application
      • 10.3.5.2.2. By Type
      • 10.3.5.2.3. By End-User
      • 10.3.5.2.4. By Sales Channel

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Company Profiles

• 13.1. Natron Energy, Inc.
  • 13.1.1. Business Overview
  • 13.1.2. Key Revenue and Financials
  • 13.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 13.1.4. Key Personnel/Key Contact Person
  • 13.1.5. Key Product/Services Offered
• 13.2. Tiamat Energy
• 13.3. Zhejiang China Amperex Technology Limited (CATL)
• 13.4. Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd.
• 13.5. Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL)
• 13.6. Faradion Limited
• 13.7. Kaleidoscope Advanced Battery Systems, Inc.
• 13.8. LeydenJar Technologies B.V.
• 13.9. Altris AB
• 13.10. Ambri, Inc.

14. Strategic Recommendations

15. About Us & Disclaimer