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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1938501

地理资讯系统市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测:按组件、功能、最终用户产业、地区和竞争格局划分,2021-2031年

Geographic Information System, Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Component, By Function, By End User Industry, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球地理资讯系统 (GIS) 市场预计将从 2025 年的 159.8 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 308.2 亿美元,复合年增长率为 11.57%。

地理资讯系统(GIS)作为一种用于收集、储存、处理、分析和显示空间资料的技术框架,在各个领域正变得日益重要。推动这一市场成长的主要因素是智慧城市规划需求的不断增长以及对高效灾害管理系统的需求。此外,政府对基础设施计划的大量投入以及物流行业对智慧定位日益增长的需求,也是支撑该行业发展的核心支柱。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 159.8亿美元
市场规模:2031年 308.2亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 11.57%
成长最快的细分市场 测量
最大的市场 北美洲

然而,实施这些系统所需的高昂成本,加上复杂的资料隐私法规,构成了可能阻碍其广泛应用的重大障碍。儘管面临这些挑战,该行业仍保持着强劲的发展势头和参与度。世界地理空间产业理事会(WGIC)2024年会员人数成长30%,充分体现了这种韧性,也显示全球地理空间领域的商业性兴趣和影响力日益增强。

市场驱动因素

智慧城市计画和城市规划计画正成为地理空间产业的关键驱动力,它们要求将位置智慧深度融入基础设施建设和市政管治。随着城市人口密度的增加,负责人正利用地理资讯系统(GIS)框架来优化交通控制、公共服务分配和区域划分,从而有效地创建“数位双胞胎”,提高营运效率。这种现代化趋势也清楚地体现在地方政府的优先事项中。根据美国城市联盟于2024年7月发布的《2024年城市状况报告》,基础建设是主要议题之一,占全国市长演讲的24%。这一趋势与空间分析工具的快速应用密切相关,这些工具用于监测资产生命週期,并促进公共工程中数据主导的决策。

同时,基于云端的地理空间平台的兴起降低了技术门槛,加速了企业环境向订阅模式的转变。透过从昂贵的本地部署环境转向扩充性的软体即服务 (SaaS) 架构,供应商正在促进即时协作,并使用户能够广泛存取先进的空间资料。这种向经常性收入的转变至关重要。 2024 年 11 月,Bentley Systems 在第三季财务报告中指出,订阅营收年增 12%,占总营收的 91%。这种结构性转变稳定了现金流,并凸显了该产业对经济的重要性。英国政府估计,到 2024 年,英国国内地理空间产业每年至少能创造 60 亿英镑的收入。

市场挑战

地理资讯系统(GIS)市场成长的一大障碍是系统实施成本高昂。这种经济负担不仅包括专属软体授权和专用硬体的初始成本,还包括持续的巨额支出,例如维护、资料收集以及聘请专业人员处理复杂的空间资料。对于许多中小企业和地方政府,这些高额的资金投入使得技术应用举步维艰,实际上将市场准入限制在资金最雄厚的机构之内。

对高度专业化的人力资本的需求进一步加剧了这一经济挑战。各组织被迫将预算的很大一部分用于聘请具备高效操作和分析地理资讯系统所需技术技能的专业人员。根据地理空间专业人员网路(Geospatial Professionals Network)预测,到2024年,地理空间专业人员的平均年薪将达到91,774美元。如此高的薪酬水平表明合格人才短缺,并显着增加了地理资讯系统解决方案的总拥有成本。这迫使注重预算的组织延迟或缩减其对位置技术的应用。

市场趋势

人工智慧 (AI) 和地理人工智慧 (Geo-AI) 在预测分析领域的整合正在从根本上改变市场格局,它能够自动化复杂的空间分析并提高决策流程的准确性。地理资讯系统 (GIS) 平台正积极整合机器学习演算法,使得特征提取、模式识别和土地覆盖分类等任务能够以人工无法企及的速度完成。这种技术融合使企业能够高精度地预测环境变化并优化资产管理。业界对这些自动化工具的信任度正在迅速成长。 Autodesk 发布的 2024 年 4 月《设计与製造报告》显示,76% 的专业人士对人工智慧在其行业中的应用充满信心,这表明业界普遍愿意使用智慧工具来解决空间挑战。

同时,用于现场资料收集的行动地理资讯系统(GIS)应用的普及正在革新远端工作方式,实现了现场团队与中央资料库之间的无缝整合。现代行动解决方案正以数位化工具取代纸本方法,实现即时资料输入,确保空间记录始终保持最新状态,并可供整个组织存取。这种向互联现场工作的转变,透过实现调查资料的即时同步,最大限度地减少了错误,并加快了计划完成速度。持续连接的需求显而易见:Trimble 于 2024 年 7 月发布的《地理空间产业现状报告》显示,26% 的受访者在现场工作时,90% 以上的时间都保持互联网连接,这凸显了行动网路整合在现代地理空间工作流程中的重要性。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按组件(软体/硬体)
    • 按功能(地图绘製、测绘、远端资讯处理/导航、定位服务)
    • 依最终用户产业(农业、建筑业、运输业、公共产业、采矿业、石油和天然气业、其他)划分
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

6. 北美地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

7. 欧洲地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

8. 亚太地区地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

9. 中东和非洲地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

10. 南美地理资讯系统(GIS)市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球地理资讯系统(GIS)市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Esri Inc.
  • Hexagon AB
  • Trimble Inc.
  • Autodesk, Inc.
  • Bentley Systems, Incorporated
  • HERE Technologies
  • Pitney Bowes Inc.
  • SuperMap Software Co., Ltd.
  • TomTom International BV
  • GeoDigital International, Inc.

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 1344

The Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market is projected to expand from USD 15.98 Billion in 2025 to USD 30.82 Billion by 2031, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.57%. Defined as a technological framework for capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying spatial data, GIS is increasingly essential across various sectors. The market is largely driven by a growing demand for smart city planning and the necessity for effective disaster management systems. Additionally, significant government funding for infrastructure projects and the rising need for location intelligence within the logistics industry act as core pillars supporting the sector's growth.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 15.98 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 30.82 Billion
CAGR 2026-203111.57%
Fastest Growing SegmentSurveying
Largest MarketNorth America

However, the substantial costs associated with implementing these systems, coupled with complicated data privacy regulations, create considerable barriers that may slow widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the industry maintains robust momentum and engagement levels. This resilience is illustrated by the World Geospatial Industry Council, which reported a 30% increase in membership in 2024, indicating expanding commercial interest and influence within the global geospatial landscape.

Market Driver

The advancement of Smart City initiatives and urban planning serves as a major engine for the geospatial industry, requiring the thorough incorporation of location intelligence into infrastructure development and municipal governance. As urban density increases, planners are turning to GIS frameworks to refine traffic control, utility distribution, and zoning, effectively establishing 'digital twins' that boost operational efficiency. This modernization drive is clearly reflected in local government priorities; the National League of Cities' 'State of the Cities 2024' report from July 2024 notes that infrastructure improvements were a central topic, comprising 24% of mayoral addresses across the country. This trend correlates with a surge in the acquisition of spatial analytics tools to oversee asset lifecycles and facilitate data-led decisions in public works.

Concurrently, the rise of cloud-based geospatial platforms is lowering technical hurdles and hastening the shift toward subscription-based models in the enterprise landscape. By transitioning from expensive on-premise setups to scalable Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) architectures, vendors are fostering real-time collaboration and granting wider access to sophisticated spatial data. This shift towards recurring revenue is significant; in November 2024, Bentley Systems reported in their third-quarter results that subscription revenues rose by 12% year-over-year, making up 91% of their total revenue. This structural evolution stabilizes cash flow and highlights the sector's economic importance, with the UK Government estimating in 2024 that the domestic geospatial sector generates at least £6 billion annually.

Market Challenge

The substantial expense involved in system implementation constitutes a major obstacle to the growth of the GIS market. This financial load extends well beyond the upfront costs of proprietary software licenses and specialized hardware to include significant ongoing expenditures for maintenance, data acquisition, and the recruitment of skilled personnel to handle complex spatial data. For many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and local governments, these high capital requirements make the technology unattainable, effectively restricting market access to only those organizations with robust funding.

This economic difficulty is further aggravated by the need for highly specialized human capital. Organizations are compelled to dedicate large portions of their budgets to attracting professionals who possess the technical skills necessary to operate and analyze geographic information systems efficiently. According to the Geospatial Professional Network, the average annual salary for geospatial professionals reached $91,774 in 2024. This high compensation standard indicates a shortage of qualified talent and significantly increases the total cost of ownership for GIS solutions, forcing budget-conscious entities to postpone or reduce their adoption of location intelligence technologies.

Market Trends

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence and GeoAI for predictive analytics is fundamentally transforming the market by automating intricate spatial analyses and improving the accuracy of decision-making processes. GIS platforms are increasingly incorporating machine learning algorithms to execute tasks such as feature extraction, pattern recognition, and land-cover classification at speeds that manual processing cannot match. This technological blend enables organizations to forecast environmental shifts and refine asset management with high precision. Industry trust in these automated tools is growing rapidly; in the April 2024 'State of Design & Make Report' by Autodesk, 76% of professionals expressed confidence in AI for their sector, signaling a broad willingness to utilize intelligent tools for spatial challenges.

Simultaneously, the widespread adoption of mobile GIS applications for field data collection is revolutionizing remote operations by creating seamless links between field teams and central databases. Contemporary mobile solutions are superseding paper-based methods with digital tools that facilitate real-time data entry, ensuring spatial records are kept up-to-date and accessible throughout the organization. This transition to connected fieldwork minimizes errors and speeds up project completion by enabling the immediate synchronization of survey data. The necessity for persistent connectivity is clear; Trimble's 'State of the Geospatial Industry Report' from July 2024 revealed that 26% of respondents connect to the internet while in the field at least 90% of the time, underscoring the vital role of mobile network integration in modern geospatial workflows.

Key Market Players

  • Esri Inc.
  • Hexagon AB
  • Trimble Inc.
  • Autodesk, Inc.
  • Bentley Systems, Incorporated
  • HERE Technologies
  • Pitney Bowes Inc.
  • SuperMap Software Co., Ltd.
  • TomTom International BV
  • GeoDigital International, Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Geographic Information System (GIS) Market, By Component

  • Software
  • Hardware

Geographic Information System (GIS) Market, By Function

  • Mapping
  • Surveying
  • Telematics & Navigation
  • Location-Based Services

Geographic Information System (GIS) Market, By End User Industry

  • Agriculture
  • Construction
  • Transportation
  • Utilities
  • Mining
  • Oil & Gas
  • Others

Geographic Information System (GIS) Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Component (Software and Hardware)
    • 5.2.2. By Function (Mapping, Surveying, Telematics & Navigation and Location-Based Services)
    • 5.2.3. By End User Industry (Agriculture, Construction, Transportation, Utilities, Mining, Oil & Gas and Others)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Component
    • 6.2.2. By Function
    • 6.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Component
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Function
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 6.3.2. Canada Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Component
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Function
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Component
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Function
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By End User Industry

7. Europe Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Component
    • 7.2.2. By Function
    • 7.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Component
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Function
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 7.3.2. France Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Component
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Function
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Component
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Function
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 7.3.4. Italy Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Component
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Function
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 7.3.5. Spain Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Component
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Function
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By End User Industry

8. Asia Pacific Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Component
    • 8.2.2. By Function
    • 8.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Component
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Function
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 8.3.2. India Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Component
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Function
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 8.3.3. Japan Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Component
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Function
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Component
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Function
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 8.3.5. Australia Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Component
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Function
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By End User Industry

9. Middle East & Africa Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Component
    • 9.2.2. By Function
    • 9.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Component
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Function
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 9.3.2. UAE Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Component
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Function
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Component
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Function
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By End User Industry

10. South America Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Component
    • 10.2.2. By Function
    • 10.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Component
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Function
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Component
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Function
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By End User Industry
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Component
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Function
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By End User Industry

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Geographic Information System (GIS) Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Esri Inc.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Hexagon AB
  • 15.3. Trimble Inc.
  • 15.4. Autodesk, Inc.
  • 15.5. Bentley Systems, Incorporated
  • 15.6. HERE Technologies
  • 15.7. Pitney Bowes Inc.
  • 15.8. SuperMap Software Co., Ltd.
  • 15.9. TomTom International BV
  • 15.10. GeoDigital International, Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer