封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1938840

固体香精市场 - 全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会及预测(按类型、香型、最终用户、分销管道、地区和竞争格局划分,2021-2031年)

Solid Perfume Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By Fragrance, By End User, By Distribution Channel, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 185 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球固态香水市场预计将从 2025 年的 16.1 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 26.3 亿美元,复合年增长率为 8.52%。

这些无水配方通常以蜡或膏为基底,与液体喷雾剂的区别在于可直接涂抹于皮肤。此细分市场受惠于许多实用优势,例如便于携带且防漏,深受旅客喜爱;以及不含酒精的配方,适合敏感肌肤。此外,固态形式的可补充装特性及其与无塑胶包装的兼容性,也推动了产业转向永续消费模式的结构性转变。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 16.1亿美元
市场规模:2031年 26.3亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 8.52%
成长最快的细分市场 有机的
最大的市场 北美洲

与液体喷雾剂相比,固态香氛产品的香味释放和留香时间有限,这是限制市场成长的一个显着障碍,可能会影响市场对追求浓郁持久香氛的消费者的吸引力。然而,儘管有此限制,在强劲的产业环境下,固体香氛产品市场仍保持成长。根据欧洲化妆品协会(Cosmetics Europe)预测,预计2024年香水零售额将成长8.9%,显示强劲的经济环境将促进小众香氛产品的多样化和广泛应用。

市场驱动因素

便携式旅行香氛需求的成长是推动市场发展的关键因素。与液体气雾剂不同,固态香水防漏且符合航空安全液体规定,为现代旅客提供了便利的解决方案。这种形式消除了洩漏风险和分装的需要,直接解决了物流的顾虑。全球旅游业的復苏进一步强化了这一趋势。根据国际航空运输协会(IATA)2025年1月发布的报告,预计2024年全球客运需求将年增10.4%,而旅游需求的復苏也提升了便携式香氛的吸引力。

同时,向永续包装的转变也有利于固态香水,这类香水通常采用不含塑胶的可重复填充容器,并且避免了液体香水中使用的酒精溶剂和厚重的玻璃瓶。这种与固态意识日益增强的消费者价值观相契合的趋势,也得到了主要产业参与者绩效的佐证。 LVMH集团2025年1月发布的报告显示,其香水和化妆品部门的有机销售额成长了4%,这主要得益于其强调环保设计的核心产品线。此外,Interparfums报告称,其2024财年的年度净销售额增长了创纪录的10%,这表明香水行业拥有强劲的投资环境,有利于多元化的香水创新。

市场挑战

无水配方香氛的有限释放(留香)是固态香水在全球市场进一步扩张的一大障碍。液体气雾剂产品利用挥发性醇类快速扩散香氛,而固态香水则依靠蜡或膏状基底将香氛释放到肌肤附近。这项特性限制了对那些重视在社交场合中浓郁香氛的消费者的吸引力,使其商业性适用范围仅限于那些偏爱更柔和、私密体验而非传统喷雾产品浓郁香味的小众群体。

这种性能差距使得固体香氛难以进入主流市场,因为主流市场已经习惯了高浓度的液体产品。传统产品的优势也体现在该产业的经济规模。根据欧洲化妆品协会(Cosmetics Europe)的报告,到2024年,香氛品类将占欧洲171亿欧元化妆品市场总额的16.5%。如此庞大的市场规模表明,固态香氛很难从那些已经深深沉迷于传统液体香氛浓郁香气体验的消费者群体中赢得市场份额。

市场趋势

将香氛与护肤融合于混合型美容膏中,正在革新市场上的产品开发模式,并开创一个全新的品类:多功能化妆品。与干燥的酒精喷雾不同,固态香膏通常采用含有乳木果油、荷荷巴油和维生素E的无水基质,兼具香氛和保湿功效。这种「护肤化」满足了消费者对兼具健康功效的皮肤护理化妆品的需求,而强劲的行业表现也印证了这一趋势。欧莱雅2025年2月发布的报告显示,其皮肤科美容部门的同店销售额成长了9.8%,证实了市场对以肌肤为中心的配方产品的需求。

同时,具有功能性和情绪调节功效的芳香疗法配方的兴起,正将市场拓展至情绪调节和健康领域。固态香水私密且不易扩散的特性,使其成为个人「自我香氛」仪式的理想之选,旨在缓解压力、提升专注力,且不会影响共用空间。各大品牌正透过融入神经科学驱动的成分和精油来满足消费者的心理需求,从而获得显着的成长动能。 2025年1月,奇华顿公司公布其高级香水部门的销售额年增18.4%,反映出消费者对精緻、具有特定功效的香氛产品的需求不断增长。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球固体香水市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按类型(有机物与无机物)
    • 依香味分类(单一香味与混合香味)
    • 按最终用户(男性、女性、中性)
    • 依分销管道(超级市场/大卖场、便利商店、专卖店、线上、其他)
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

第六章 北美固体香精市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

7. 欧洲固体香精市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

8. 亚太地区固体香精市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

9. 中东和非洲固体香水市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

第十章:南美固体香水市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球固体香水市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Chanel SA
  • Coty, Inc.
  • The Estee Lauder Companies Inc.
  • Shiseido Company, Limited
  • Revlon, Inc.
  • L'Oreal SA
  • L Brands, Inc.
  • Inter Parfums, Inc.
  • ACCENTURE SAS
  • Liz Claiborne Inc.

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 13096

The Global Solid Perfume Market is projected to expand from USD 1.61 Billion in 2025 to USD 2.63 Billion by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 8.52%. These anhydrous formulations typically utilize a wax or balm base for direct skin application, distinguishing them from liquid sprays. The sector is bolstered by functional benefits such as leak-proof portability, which appeals to travelers, and alcohol-free compositions suitable for sensitive skin. Furthermore, the compatibility of solid formats with refillable and plastic-free packaging supports the structural industry shift toward sustainable consumption.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 1.61 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 2.63 Billion
CAGR 2026-20318.52%
Fastest Growing SegmentOrganic
Largest MarketNorth America

A notable obstacle to market growth is the limited sillage or projection of solid formulations compared to liquid aerosols, which may deter consumers seeking potent scent trails. Despite this limitation, the format is thriving within a robust industry environment. According to Cosmetics Europe, the fragrance and perfume category saw retail sales growth of 8.9% in 2024, signaling a strong economic climate that facilitates the diversification and adoption of niche fragrance options.

Market Driver

The increasing demand for portable, travel-friendly fragrances serves as a primary market catalyst. Unlike liquid aerosols, solid perfumes are spill-proof and adhere to aviation security liquid regulations, offering a convenient solution for modern travelers. This format eliminates leakage risks and decanting needs, directly addressing logistical concerns. The recovery of global tourism further strengthens this trend; the International Air Transport Association reported in January 2025 that total global passenger demand rose by 10.4% in 2024 compared to the previous year, indicating a return to travel that enhances the appeal of portable scents.

Simultaneously, the shift toward sustainable packaging favors solid perfumes, which often employ plastic-free, refillable vessels and lack the alcohol solvents or heavy glass of liquid counterparts. This alignment with eco-conscious consumer values is validated by the performance of major industry players. LVMH's January 2025 report noted a 4% organic revenue growth in its Perfumes & Cosmetics division, driven by eco-designed flagship lines. Furthermore, Interparfums, Inc. reported a record 10% increase in annual net sales for 2024, reflecting a strong investment climate for diversified fragrance innovations.

Market Challenge

The restricted projection, or sillage, of anhydrous formulations represents a significant barrier to the Global Solid Perfume Market's broader expansion. While liquid aerosols use volatile alcohol to disperse scent rapidly, solid perfumes rely on wax or balm bases that keep the fragrance close to the skin. This characteristic limits appeal among consumers who value strong olfactory presence in social settings, confining the product's commercial viability to a niche demographic that prefers subtle, intimate application over the intensity of traditional sprays.

This performance disparity complicates the format's ability to disrupt a mainstream market accustomed to high-intensity liquid products. The dominance of traditional formats is highlighted by the sector's economic scale; Cosmetics Europe reported that in 2024, the fragrance category comprised 16.5% of the total European cosmetics market, valued at €17.1 billion. This substantial valuation illustrates the difficulty solid perfumes face in gaining market share from a consumer base deeply committed to the potent experience of established liquid perfumery.

Market Trends

The integration of fragrance with skincare in hybrid beauty balms is transforming product development within the market, establishing a new class of multi-functional cosmetics. Unlike drying alcohol-based sprays, solid perfumes frequently use anhydrous bases containing shea butter, jojoba oil, and vitamin E, functioning as moisturizing treatments that scent the skin. This "skinification" meets the demand for dermocosmetic products with health benefits, a trend supported by strong sector performance; L'Oreal's February 2025 report cited a 9.8% like-for-like sales growth in its Dermatological Beauty Division, confirming market appetite for skin-centric formulations.

Concurrently, the rise of functional and mood-enhancing aromatherapy formulations is broadening the market to include emotional regulation and wellness. The intimate, low-projection nature of solid perfumes makes them ideal for personal "self-scenting" rituals intended to manage stress or improve focus without affecting shared spaces. Brands are incorporating neuro-scientific ingredients and essential oils to appeal to psychological needs, driving significant momentum; Givaudan reported in January 2025 that Fine Fragrance sales grew by 18.4% on a like-for-like basis, reflecting increased consumer spending on sophisticated, purpose-driven scents.

Key Market Players

  • Chanel S.A.
  • Coty, Inc.
  • The Estee Lauder Companies Inc.
  • Shiseido Company, Limited
  • Revlon, Inc.
  • L'Oreal S.A.
  • L Brands, Inc.
  • Inter Parfums, Inc.
  • ACCENTURE SAS
  • Liz Claiborne Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Solid Perfume Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Solid Perfume Market, By Type

  • Organic Vs. Inorganic

Solid Perfume Market, By Fragrance

  • Single Fragrance Vs. Mixed Fragrance

Solid Perfume Market, By End User

  • Men
  • Women
  • Unisex

Solid Perfume Market, By Distribution Channel

  • Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
  • Convenience Stores
  • Specialty Stores
  • Online
  • Others

Solid Perfume Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Solid Perfume Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Solid Perfume Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (Organic Vs. Inorganic)
    • 5.2.2. By Fragrance (Single Fragrance Vs. Mixed Fragrance)
    • 5.2.3. By End User (Men, Women, Unisex)
    • 5.2.4. By Distribution Channel (Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Convenience Stores, Specialty Stores, Online, Others)
    • 5.2.5. By Region
    • 5.2.6. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Fragrance
    • 6.2.3. By End User
    • 6.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.2.5. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By End User
        • 6.3.1.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.2. Canada Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By End User
        • 6.3.2.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By End User
        • 6.3.3.2.4. By Distribution Channel

7. Europe Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Fragrance
    • 7.2.3. By End User
    • 7.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.2.5. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By End User
        • 7.3.1.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.2. France Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By End User
        • 7.3.2.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By End User
        • 7.3.3.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.4. Italy Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By End User
        • 7.3.4.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.5. Spain Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By End User
        • 7.3.5.2.4. By Distribution Channel

8. Asia Pacific Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Fragrance
    • 8.2.3. By End User
    • 8.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.2.5. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By End User
        • 8.3.1.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.2. India Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By End User
        • 8.3.2.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.3. Japan Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By End User
        • 8.3.3.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By End User
        • 8.3.4.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.5. Australia Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By End User
        • 8.3.5.2.4. By Distribution Channel

9. Middle East & Africa Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Fragrance
    • 9.2.3. By End User
    • 9.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.2.5. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By End User
        • 9.3.1.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.3.2. UAE Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By End User
        • 9.3.2.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By End User
        • 9.3.3.2.4. By Distribution Channel

10. South America Solid Perfume Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By Fragrance
    • 10.2.3. By End User
    • 10.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.2.5. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By End User
        • 10.3.1.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By End User
        • 10.3.2.2.4. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Solid Perfume Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Fragrance
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By End User
        • 10.3.3.2.4. By Distribution Channel

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Solid Perfume Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Chanel S.A.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Coty, Inc.
  • 15.3. The Estee Lauder Companies Inc.
  • 15.4. Shiseido Company, Limited
  • 15.5. Revlon, Inc.
  • 15.6. L'Oreal S.A.
  • 15.7. L Brands, Inc.
  • 15.8. Inter Parfums, Inc.
  • 15.9. ACCENTURE SAS
  • 15.10. Liz Claiborne Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer