封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1943281

电动自行车市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会及预测(按电池、类型、车架材料、地区和竞争格局划分,2021-2031年)

E-Bikes Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Battery, By Type, By Frame Material, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球电动自行车市场预计将从 2025 年的 401.3 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 670.8 亿美元,复合年增长率为 8.94%。

电动自行车是一种整合了可充电电池和电动马达的自行车,用于辅助骑乘者前进。政府致力于交通运输脱碳和提高对高效城市出行解决方案的需求以缓解交通拥堵的倡议,从根本上推动了电动自行车市场的发展。这些因素并非昙花一现的消费潮流,而是巩固了向永续通勤方式的结构性转变。根据欧洲自行车工业联合会的报告,2023年,欧盟和英国的电动自行车销量将达到总合万辆。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 401.3亿美元
市场规模:2031年 670.8亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 8.94%
成长最快的细分市场 锂离子
最大的市场 亚太地区

然而,目前阻碍市场快速成长的主要障碍是疫情后需求激增导致供应链各环节库存水准居高不下。这种供应过剩的问题迫使製造商减产并对现有库存大幅降价,暂时挤压了盈利,并推迟了全球范围内新车型的上市。

市场驱动因素

支持性的法规结构和政府补贴计画透过直接降低电动自行车的高昂前期成本,成为市场渗透的重要催化剂。世界各地的立法者都推出了财政激励措施,例如购车补贴和税额扣抵,以使消费者的行为与更广泛的环境目标(例如缓解交通拥堵和减少碳排放)保持一致。这些财政奖励使更多人能够负担得起电动自行车,加快了电动自行车普及速度,使其不再局限于早期爱好者,并在通货膨胀时期也刺激了需求增长。例如,明尼苏达州税务局于2024年7月宣布,已拨款200万美元用于“电动自行车补贴计划”,该计划将为新电动自行车购买者提供折扣。

同时,城市规划​​和专用自行车基础设施的建设在为电动自行车的普及创造有利环境方面发挥着至关重要的作用。透过回收道路空间、提供安全的自行车停车处和专用车道,市政当局正在直接解决人口密集城区骑乘者面临的关键安全问题。这些基础设施的进步使电动自行车成为日常通勤工具,而不仅仅是休閒活动,有效地将其融入公共交通网络的重要组成部分。伦敦交通局 (TfL) 于 2024 年 6 月宣布,到 2024 年,伦敦的自行车出行量将比疫情前的 20% 增长,这凸显了出行便利性的提高与骑行量增加之间的关联。这一转变也反映在更广泛的市场趋势中。德国自行车工业协会 (ZIV) 的报告显示,到 2024 年,电动自行车将占自行车总销量的 53%,首次超过传统自行车。

市场挑战

全球电动自行车市场发展面临的主要障碍之一是供应链中持续高企的库存水准。零售商和製造商目前正面临疫情后生产激增期间累积的大量库存,而随后消费者需求却趋于稳定。这种供应过剩迫使产业专注于透过大幅降价来清算现有资产,这项策略显着压缩了利润率并限制了营运资金。因此,企业不得不推迟新产品线的开发和上市,抑制了市场创新,并限制了新库存的流入。

供应链收缩的影响在近期製造业数据中得到了清楚体现。台湾自行车工业同业公会报告称,2024年1月至11月,电动自行车出口总量为331,262辆,年减约49%。出口量的大幅下降反映出,製造商正积极根据主要全球市场的饱和程度来降低产量。由于产业目前专注于清理过剩库存而非追求扩张目标,因此此调整期将在短期内抑制市场成长。

市场趋势

电动货运自行车在最后一公里物流的广泛应用,正从根本上改变城市配送网络。为了避开交通拥堵并遵守严格的低排放区法规,商家们正越来越多地用电动辅助货运自行车取代柴油货车。这主要是因为在交通至关重要的密集大都会圈,电动货运自行车具有显着的营运效率优势。这一趋势标誌着车队管理实践的重大转变,而电动货运自行车正从小众选择转变为核心的货运方式。根据《绿色车队》(GreenFleet)杂誌2025年9月刊的分析,伦敦交通局的数据显示,2022年至2024年间,伦敦的货运自行车使用量将激增104%,迅速取代传统的配送车辆。

此外,二手和翻新电动自行车的经济成长正成为一大趋势,催生出结构化的市场,为二手车交易领域带来专业化。提供保固和认证车辆的专业平台正在取代非正式的点对点交易,直接解决消费者对零件可靠性和电池状况等问题的担忧,消除了先前阻碍二手市场发展的障碍。这种发展趋势支持循环经济,确保优质资产在多次所有权循环中保持价值,同时使优秀车型能够触及更广泛的受众。正如Zag Daily在2025年2月报导的那样,翻新车交易平台Upway预计在2024年将实现1亿美元的年化商品交易总额(GMV),这表明这种标准化的二手销售管道具有强大的商业性可行性。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 依电池类型(锂离子电池、密闭式铅酸电池、其他)
    • 按类型(踏板辅助、油门控制、其他)
    • 依车架材质(碳纤维、碳钢、铝、铝合金等)分类
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

第六章 北美电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第七章:欧洲电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

第八章:亚太地区电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

第九章:中东与非洲电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

第十章:南美洲电动自行车市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球电动自行车市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
  • Trek Bicycle Corporation
  • Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc.
  • Merida Industry Co. Ltd.
  • Haibike GmbH
  • Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
  • Rad Power Bikes, Inc.
  • Pedego Electric Bikes, Inc.
  • Accell Group NV
  • Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 20788

The Global E-Bikes Market is projected to expand from USD 40.13 Billion in 2025 to USD 67.08 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 8.94%. An electric bicycle is characterized as a cycle integrated with a rechargeable battery and electric motor intended to aid rider propulsion. This market is fundamentally underpinned by government initiatives focused on decarbonizing transportation and the increasing need for effective urban mobility solutions to relieve traffic congestion. These factors are cementing a structural transition towards sustainable commuting methods rather than merely reflecting temporary consumer fads. As reported by the Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry, sales of electric bicycles within the European Union and the United Kingdom totaled 5.1 million units in 2023.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 40.13 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 67.08 Billion
CAGR 2026-20318.94%
Fastest Growing SegmentLithium-Ion
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

However, a major hurdle currently slowing rapid market growth is the existence of elevated inventory levels throughout the supply chain following a post-pandemic surge in demand. This issue of oversupply forces manufacturers to cut back on production output and offer steep discounts on existing stock, which temporarily burdens profitability and delays the launch of new models globally.

Market Driver

Supportive regulatory frameworks and government subsidies act as essential catalysts for market penetration by directly mitigating the substantial upfront costs linked to electric bicycles. Legislators globally are introducing financial incentives, such as purchase rebates and tax credits, to harmonize consumer actions with wider environmental objectives like traffic alleviation and carbon reduction. These fiscal interventions render e-bikes economically accessible to a broader population, thereby speeding up adoption rates beyond early enthusiasts and boosting demand even during inflationary periods. Illustrating this financial leverage, the Minnesota Department of Revenue announced in July 2024 that the state had designated $2 million in funding for its 'e-Bike Rebate Program' to offer discounts to residents buying new electric bicycles.

Simultaneously, the development of urban planning and dedicated cycling infrastructure plays a crucial role in creating a favorable environment for e-bike adoption. Municipalities are increasingly repurposing road space to establish secure parking and protected lanes, directly addressing the primary safety concerns of riders in dense city centers. This evolution in infrastructure promotes the use of electric bicycles for daily commuting rather than just leisure, effectively weaving them into the essential public transport fabric. According to a June 2024 press release from Transport for London, daily cycling trips in the city rose by 20 percent in 2023 against pre-pandemic levels, underscoring the link between better access and rider numbers. This shift is mirrored in broader market trends, with the Zweirad-Industrie-Verband reporting that electric bicycles secured a 53 percent market share of all bicycle sales in Germany in 2024, overtaking conventional bikes for the first time.

Market Challenge

The central obstacle hindering the progress of the Global E-Bikes Market remains the continued presence of high inventory levels across the supply chain. Retailers and manufacturers are currently dealing with a significant overstock accumulated during the production surge following the pandemic, which met with a subsequent leveling off in consumer demand. This excess supply compels the industry to focus on liquidating current assets through deep price cuts, a tactic that severely tightens profit margins and restricts working capital. As a result, companies are forced to postpone the development and launch of new product lines, leading to a stagnation in market innovation and limiting the flow of fresh inventory.

The consequences of this supply chain contraction are clearly reflected in recent manufacturing data. As reported by the Taiwan Bicycle Association, e-bike exports amounted to 331,262 units between January and November 2024, marking a decrease of roughly 49% relative to the same timeframe the prior year. This substantial drop in export volume demonstrates how manufacturers are aggressively reducing output to align with saturation levels in major global markets. This period of correction restrains immediate market growth as the industry concentrates on depleting excess stock rather than chasing expansion goals.

Market Trends

The widespread adoption of cargo e-bikes for last-mile logistics is fundamentally altering urban delivery networks as commercial operators look to evade traffic congestion and comply with stringent low-emission zones. Logistics companies are moving away from diesel vans in favor of electrically assisted cargo cycles, motivated by the distinct operational efficiency these vehicles offer in dense metropolitan settings where agility is essential. This trend signifies a structural shift in fleet management approaches, establishing electric cargo bicycles as a core method of freight transport instead of a niche option. According to a September 2025 article by GreenFleet, an analysis of data from Transport for London showed that cargo bike usage in the capital surged by 104% between 2022 and 2024, highlighting the rapid replacement of conventional delivery vehicles.

Additionally, the growth of the second-hand and refurbished e-bike economy is becoming a vital trend, creating structured marketplaces that bring professionalism to the resale sector. Specialized platforms are superseding informal peer-to-peer exchanges by providing warrantied, certified units, which directly alleviates consumer concerns about component integrity and battery health that previously stalled the used market. This evolution supports a circular economy, enabling premium assets to maintain value over several ownership cycles while making high-quality models accessible to a wider audience. As noted by Zag Daily in February 2025, the refurbished marketplace Upway reached a gross merchandise value run rate of $100 million in 2024, proving the strong commercial viability of these standardized second-hand sales channels.

Key Market Players

  • Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
  • Trek Bicycle Corporation
  • Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc.
  • Merida Industry Co. Ltd.
  • Haibike GmbH
  • Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
  • Rad Power Bikes, Inc.
  • Pedego Electric Bikes, Inc.
  • Accell Group N.V.
  • Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global E-Bikes Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

E-Bikes Market, By Battery

  • Lithium-Ion
  • Sealed Lead Acid
  • Others

E-Bikes Market, By Type

  • Pedal Assist
  • Throttle Control
  • Others

E-Bikes Market, By Frame Material

  • Carbon Fiber
  • Carbon Steel
  • Aluminum
  • Aluminum Alloy
  • Others

E-Bikes Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global E-Bikes Market.

Available Customizations:

Global E-Bikes Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Battery (Lithium-Ion, Sealed Lead Acid, Others)
    • 5.2.2. By Type (Pedal Assist, Throttle Control, Others)
    • 5.2.3. By Frame Material (Carbon Fiber, Carbon Steel, Aluminum, Aluminum Alloy, Others)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Battery
    • 6.2.2. By Type
    • 6.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Battery
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 6.3.2. Canada E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Battery
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 6.3.3. Mexico E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Battery
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Frame Material

7. Europe E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Battery
    • 7.2.2. By Type
    • 7.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Battery
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 7.3.2. France E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Battery
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Battery
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 7.3.4. Italy E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Battery
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 7.3.5. Spain E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Battery
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Frame Material

8. Asia Pacific E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Battery
    • 8.2.2. By Type
    • 8.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Battery
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 8.3.2. India E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Battery
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 8.3.3. Japan E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Battery
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 8.3.4. South Korea E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Battery
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 8.3.5. Australia E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Battery
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Frame Material

9. Middle East & Africa E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Battery
    • 9.2.2. By Type
    • 9.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Battery
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 9.3.2. UAE E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Battery
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 9.3.3. South Africa E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Battery
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Frame Material

10. South America E-Bikes Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Battery
    • 10.2.2. By Type
    • 10.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Battery
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 10.3.2. Colombia E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Battery
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Frame Material
    • 10.3.3. Argentina E-Bikes Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Battery
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Frame Material

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global E-Bikes Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Trek Bicycle Corporation
  • 15.3. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc.
  • 15.4. Merida Industry Co. Ltd.
  • 15.5. Haibike GmbH
  • 15.6. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
  • 15.7. Rad Power Bikes, Inc.
  • 15.8. Pedego Electric Bikes, Inc.
  • 15.9. Accell Group N.V.
  • 15.10. Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer