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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1943523

汽车隔热罩市场 - 全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会及预测(按类型、车辆类型、需求类别、地区和竞争格局划分,2021-2031年)

Automotive Heat Shield Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By Vehicle Type, By Demand Category, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 181 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球汽车隔热罩市场预计将从 2025 年的 189.9 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 257.6 亿美元,复合年增长率为 5.21%。

这些组件是专门设计的温度控管装置,旨在将引擎和排气系统等高温区域与热敏部件和乘客舱隔离。推动这一成长的关键因素包括:全球排放气体严格的排放法规要求使用轻质材料以提高燃油效率,以及全球对乘用车的持续需求。此外,高性能引擎的兴起也带来了严苛的热环境,需要有效的散热解决方案来确保车辆安全和零件耐久性。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 189.9亿美元
市场规模:2031年 257.6亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 5.21%
成长最快的细分市场 搭乘用车
最大的市场 亚太地区

然而,阻碍市场扩张的一大挑战是向电池式电动车(BEV)的快速转型。纯电动车无需内燃机或排气系统,因此通常对隔热的需求较低。这种技术变革对传统隔热市场的销售成长构成结构性风险。根据国际汽车製造商协会(OICA)的数据,2024年全球汽车产量将达到9,250万辆。虽然如此高的产量能够满足当前的需求,但生产过程中动力传动系统配置的变化却为未来的市场应用带来了复杂的局面。

市场驱动因素

电动车和混合动力车的日益普及显着提升了对先进温度控管系统的需求,而这些系统对于电池的安全性和性能至关重要。虽然纯电动动力传动系统不会产生废气热量,但隔热层对于防止锂离子电池组热失控以及保护敏感电子元件免受温度波动的影响仍然至关重要。混合动力汽车结合了内燃机和电力驱动,要求製造商采用复杂的隔热结构,以同时应对引擎产生的热能和电池系统的热敏感性。正如国际能源总署(IEA)在2024年4月发布的《2024年全球电动车展望》中所述,预计2023年电动车销量将接近1,400万辆,这意味着专业热保护解决方案的市场需求将显着增长。

此外,全球范围内日益严格的排放气体和燃油经济性法规迫使汽车工程师采取积极的引擎小型化和涡轮增压器整合策略。这些变化增加了引擎室内的热负荷,因此需要高性能隔热罩来保护周围零件,同时又不增加过多重量。为了满足这些严格的标准,製造商越来越多地采用铝和增强复合复合材料等轻质材料。根据美国环保署 (EPA) 于 2024 年 3 月发布的《最终规则:多污染物排放标准》,新标准旨在到 2032 年将车队平均温室气体排放减少约 50%。此外,欧洲汽车製造商协会 (ACEA) 报告称,2023 年欧盟汽车产量增加了 11.3%,显示产量正在復苏,从而支撑了零件需求。

市场挑战

向电池式电动车(BEV) 的加速转型正在为汽车隔热罩市场的成长带来结构性障碍。传统隔热罩的收入严重依赖内燃机应用。这些部件对于隔绝排气歧管、涡轮增压器和触媒转换器产生的高温至关重要。随着汽车製造商将产能重新分配给电动车架构,由于电池驱动的动力传动系统运作温度显着降低且无需排气基础设施,对这些传统温度控管系统的需求将会下降。

这项变化将直接减少每辆车安装的隔热材料用量,从而有效缩小高温应用领域的市场规模。根据国际能源总署(IEA)预测,到2024年,全球电动车销量预计将达到约1,700万辆。如此庞大的电动车数量,与汽油和柴油车相比,所需的隔热组件更少,这意味着内燃机汽车的生产将持续受到替代。因此,电动平台市场份额的不断增长将限制传统隔热材料领域的销售成长潜力。

市场趋势

将隔音材料整合到温度控管系统中,标誌着组件设计向多功能方向迈出了重要一步。製造商正在加速研发能够同时隔绝高温并降低车内噪音、震动和颠簸的隔热罩。这种双用途的设计方案使汽车工程师能够在减少零件数量、简化底盘组装的同时,提升驾驶舒适性,尤其是在道路噪音更为显着的高端和电动车领域。根据Autonome于2024年7月发布的2024年半年报,该公司公布的合併销售额为12.123亿瑞士法郎,这得益于其专业声学和温度控管技术在全球市场的稳定需求。

同时,为了配合企业永续性政策和循环经济原则,环保型再生製造材料的使用日益增加。供应商正以生物基纤维和再生热塑性塑胶取代传统的玻璃纤维和原生树脂,在不牺牲耐热性的前提下,降低隔热材料的碳足迹。这项转变主要源自于汽车製造商(OEM)为满足严格的环保目标,要求其供应链中更多地使用再生材料。根据BMW集团于2024年3月发布的《BMW集团2023年报告》,该汽车製造商已设定策略目标,将再生材料的使用率提高到50%,这直接促使零件供应商采用永续的原料。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按类型(引擎室、排气舱、其他)
    • 依车辆类型(乘用车、商用车)
    • 依需求类别(OEM、售后市场)
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

第六章 北美汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

7. 欧洲汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

8. 亚太地区汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

9. 中东和非洲汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

第十章 南美洲汽车隔热罩市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球汽车隔热罩市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Dana Incorporated
  • Lydall Inc.
  • Elringklinger AG
  • Federal-Mogul Corporation
  • Morgan Advanced Materials
  • Autoneum Holding AG
  • Nichias Corporation
  • Talbros Automotive Components Ltd

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 2351

The Global Automotive Heat Shield Market is projected to expand from USD 18.99 Billion in 2025 to USD 25.76 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 5.21%. These components are specialized thermal management devices designed to isolate high-temperature zones, such as engines and exhaust systems, from heat-sensitive parts and the passenger cabin. Key drivers propelling this growth include the implementation of strict global emission regulations, which demand lightweight materials to improve fuel efficiency, and the continued global demand for passenger vehicles. Furthermore, the rise of high-performance engines creates intense thermal conditions, necessitating effective heat dissipation solutions to ensure vehicle safety and component durability.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 18.99 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 25.76 Billion
CAGR 2026-20315.21%
Fastest Growing SegmentPassenger Cars
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

However, a major challenge hindering market expansion is the rapid shift toward battery electric vehicles, which typically require fewer heat shielding components due to the absence of internal combustion engines and exhaust systems. This technological evolution poses a structural risk to volume growth in the traditional heat shield segment. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), global motor vehicle production reached 92.5 million units in 2024. While these high production volumes currently support demand, the changing powertrain mix within this output creates a complex landscape for future market applications.

Market Driver

The increasing adoption of electric and hybrid electric vehicles significantly shapes the demand for advanced thermal management systems required for battery safety and performance. Although pure electric powertrains eliminate exhaust heat, they introduce critical needs for thermal barriers to prevent thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery packs and protect sensitive electronics from temperature fluctuations. Hybrid vehicles, which combine internal combustion engines with electric propulsion, force manufacturers to use complex heat shielding configurations to handle engine heat alongside the thermal sensitivity of the battery system. As noted by the International Energy Agency in the 'Global EV Outlook 2024' from April 2024, electric car sales neared 14 million in 2023, indicating a substantial market expansion for specialized thermal protection solutions.

Additionally, the enforcement of stringent global emission and fuel economy regulations compels automotive engineers to implement aggressive engine downsizing and turbocharger integration strategies. These changes increase the thermal load within the engine compartment, requiring high-performance heat shields to protect surrounding components without adding excessive weight. To meet these rigorous standards, manufacturers are increasingly choosing lightweight materials such as aluminum and reinforced composites. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 'Final Rule: Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards' from March 2024, new standards aim to reduce fleet average greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 50% by 2032. Furthermore, the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association reported an 11.3% growth in EU car production in 2023, highlighting the recovery in manufacturing volumes that supports component demand.

Market Challenge

The accelerating transition toward battery electric vehicles presents a structural obstacle to the growth of the automotive heat shield market. Revenue from conventional heat shields is heavily dependent on internal combustion engine applications, where components are essential for isolating extreme temperatures generated by exhaust manifolds, turbochargers, and catalytic converters. As automotive manufacturers reallocate production capacity toward electric architectures, the demand for these traditional thermal management systems declines because battery-powered drivetrains operate at significantly lower temperatures and lack exhaust infrastructure.

This shift directly reduces the volume of heat shielding material installed per unit, resulting in a tangible contraction in the addressable market for high-temperature applications. According to the International Energy Agency, global electric car sales were projected to reach approximately 17 million units in 2024. This substantial volume of vehicles, which requires fewer thermal isolation components compared to gasoline or diesel counterparts, indicates a sustained displacement of internal combustion engine production. Consequently, the rising market share of electrified platforms limits the potential for volume growth in the traditional heat shield sector.

Market Trends

The integration of acoustic dampening functions into thermal management systems marks a pivotal shift toward multifunctional component design. Manufacturers are increasingly engineering heat shields that simultaneously isolate high temperatures and mitigate noise, vibration, and harshness levels within the vehicle cabin. This dual-purpose approach allows automotive engineers to reduce part counts and streamline underbody assembly while enhancing passenger comfort, particularly in premium and electrified segments where road noise is more perceptible. According to Autoneum's 'Semi-Annual Report 2024' from July 2024, the company reported consolidated revenue of CHF 1,212.3 million, a performance sustained by the stable demand for its specialized acoustic and thermal management technologies across global markets.

A parallel trend involves the utilization of eco-friendly and recycled manufacturing materials to align with corporate sustainability mandates and circular economy principles. Suppliers are substituting conventional fiberglass and non-recyclable resins with bio-based fibers and recycled thermoplastics to lower the carbon footprint of thermal barriers without compromising heat resistance. This transition is heavily influenced by original equipment manufacturers demanding higher percentages of secondary raw materials in their supply chains to meet aggressive environmental targets. According to the BMW Group's 'BMW Group Report 2023' from March 2024, the automotive manufacturer established a strategic objective to increase the use of secondary materials in its vehicles to 50 percent, creating direct pressure on component suppliers to adopt sustainable inputs.

Key Market Players

  • Dana Incorporated
  • Lydall Inc.
  • Elringklinger AG
  • Federal-Mogul Corporation
  • Morgan Advanced Materials
  • Autoneum Holding AG
  • Nichias Corporation
  • Talbros Automotive Components Ltd

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Automotive Heat Shield Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Automotive Heat Shield Market, By Type

  • Engine Compartment
  • Exhaust Compartment
  • Other Types

Automotive Heat Shield Market, By Vehicle Type

  • Passenger Cars
  • Commercial Vehicle Types

Automotive Heat Shield Market, By Demand Category

  • OEM's
  • Aftermarket

Automotive Heat Shield Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Automotive Heat Shield Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Automotive Heat Shield Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (Engine Compartment, Exhaust Compartment, Other Types)
    • 5.2.2. By Vehicle Type (Passenger Cars, Commercial Vehicle Types)
    • 5.2.3. By Demand Category (OEM's, Aftermarket)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Vehicle Type
    • 6.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 6.3.2. Canada Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Demand Category

7. Europe Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Vehicle Type
    • 7.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 7.3.2. France Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 7.3.4. Italy Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 7.3.5. Spain Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Demand Category

8. Asia Pacific Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Vehicle Type
    • 8.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 8.3.2. India Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 8.3.3. Japan Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 8.3.5. Australia Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Demand Category

9. Middle East & Africa Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Vehicle Type
    • 9.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 9.3.2. UAE Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Demand Category

10. South America Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By Vehicle Type
    • 10.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Demand Category
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Automotive Heat Shield Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Vehicle Type
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Demand Category

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Automotive Heat Shield Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Dana Incorporated
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Lydall Inc.
  • 15.3. Elringklinger AG
  • 15.4. Federal-Mogul Corporation
  • 15.5. Morgan Advanced Materials
  • 15.6. Autoneum Holding AG
  • 15.7. Nichias Corporation
  • 15.8. Talbros Automotive Components Ltd

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer