疱疹样皮肤炎治疗市场 - 全球行业规模、份额、趋势、机会、预测：按治疗方法、病毒、最终用户、地区和竞争对手划分，2021-2031 年

全球疱疹性咽峡炎治疗市场预计将从 2025 年的 19.4 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 29.4 亿美元，复合年增长率为 7.17%。

该市场涵盖药物和辅助护理领域，尤其专注于治疗儿童常见病毒感染疾病，这些感染通常表现为发烧和口腔溃疡疼痛。主要成长要素包括肠病毒在托儿机构等人员密集环境中的传播，以及全球儿童人口不断增长，需要定期就医。此外，意识提升，以及对即时缓解症状的需求日益增长，推动了镇痛药和退烧药作为第一线标准治疗药物的持续使用。

另一方面，严重限制市场扩张的一个主要障碍是，疾病的自癒倾向削弱了製药公司开发昂贵的标靶抗病毒疗法的商业性动力。因此，儘管病例数量庞大，但製药业严重依赖低利润的学名药，限制了总收入的潜力。台湾疾病管制署的报告显示，在2024年疫情高峰期，因肠病毒感染疾病而就诊的门诊和急诊人数每週将超过22,000人次，这凸显了该疾病带来的巨大负担。

市场驱动因素

全球儿童疱疹性咽峡炎的发病率上升是市场扩张的主要驱动因素，确保了缓解症状药物的持续使用。在后疫情时代，肠病毒感染率不断上升，医护人员发现需要治疗发烧和口咽溃疡疼痛的儿童患者数量显着增加。这种流行病学上的激增直接导致镇痛药、抗发炎药物和局部麻醉剂的销售成长，这些药物在缺乏特异性抗病毒药物的情况下被用作主要治疗方法。例如，泰国国家经济和社会发展委员会在其2025年9月发布的《2025年第二季经济报告》中指出，手足口病（这些肠病毒的主要临床表现）病例在该季度同比增长了65.7%，迫使生产商维持高产量。

此外，政府加强感染疾病防治措施，透过严格的监测系统和快速核准预防措施，刺激了市场活动。卫生部门正在建立更完善的监测通讯协定，并支持疫苗研发，以减轻EV71等严重病毒株的影响。这将有助于提高处方疗法的有效性，并促进早期医疗干预。例如，越南卫生署在2025年2月发布的关于手足口病的联合声明中强调，鑑于前一年越南记录了超过7.6万例病例，核准该国首支疫苗至关重要。同样，韩国疾病管理厅于2025年7月发布的2024年度感染疾病报告显示，感染疾病病例总数增加了54.5%，凸显了製定强有力的疾病防治策略的迫切性。

市场挑战

疱疹性咽峡炎的自癒特性对全球治疗市场的经济扩张构成重大障碍。由于这种病毒感染疾病通常在一週内自行消退，且无持续性併发症，因此临床上并不迫切需要使用强效且昂贵的抗病毒疗法。这种短暂的病程显着降低了开发针对特异性疾病药物的商业性可行性，导致製药公司认为此类小众产品的投资报酬率不足。因此，市场严重依赖利润率低、市面上已有的镇痛退烧药物，儘管疱疹性咽峡炎频繁爆发，但限制了产业相关人员的整体收入潜力。

这种情况造成了一种市场现象：病例数量众多，但经济价值却极低。疾病的广泛流行保证了对症治疗的稳定需求，但却并未促使人们采用昂贵的治疗方法。例如，日本国立感染疾病研究所的一份报告就凸显了这种差距：在2025年夏季疫情期间，日本每週疱疹性咽峡炎病例数峰值约为每个监测点4例。这些数据证实，由于疾病的短暂性，庞大的患者群体无法为製药业带来高利润。

市场趋势

快速分子诊断技术的整合正在革新疱疹性咽峡炎的临床诊疗方法，实现病原体的精准鑑定。医疗机构正逐渐抛弃仅凭症状诊断的传统方法，转而采用先进的多重PCR检测技术。此技术对于区分引起疱疹性咽峡炎的克沙奇病毒与其他症状相似的危险肠病毒株至关重要。这项技术进步优化了患者分诊流程，并减少了病毒感染疾病中不必要的抗生素使用。美国微生物学会在2025年6月发布的报告《强化肠病毒基因组监测》中强调了精准监测的必要性。报告指出，详细的分子筛检在72.6%的肠病毒阳性检体中检出了EV-D68，凸显了先进诊断技术在精准疾病追踪中的关键作用。

同时，为了解决目前缺乏标靶治疗方法的问题，一些研究重点正转向广谱抗肠病毒药物。鑑于单纯对症治疗的局限性，製药公司正积极研发新的治疗类别，包括衣壳抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂，以对抗多种肠病毒血清型。这项策略转变正推动市场从低成本镇痛药物转向高价值的缓解疾病药物，尤其是在预防高风险儿童族群出现严重併发症。 GeneOnline在2025年12月发表的报导《肠病毒将在六年内首次达到高峰》中预测，到2030年，非脊髓灰质炎病毒治疗药物市场规模将超过100亿美元，这主要得益于对有效治疗方法的迫切需求，也印证了这一方向的巨大经济潜力。

目录

第一章概述

第二章：调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章：客户心声

第五章：疱疹性咽峡炎治疗的全球市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按金额
• 市占率及预测
  • 治疗方法（局部麻醉剂、Ibuprofen或乙酰胺酚、其他治疗方法）
  • 依病毒类型（克沙奇病毒A、克沙奇病毒B、肠病毒71、人肠道孤病毒）
  • 依最终使用者（医院、居家医疗、专科诊所等）划分
  • 按地区
  • 按公司（2025 年）
• 市场地图

第六章：北美疱疹性咽峡炎治疗市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
• 市占率及预测
• 北美洲：国别分析
  • 我们
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

第七章：欧洲疱疹性咽峡炎治疗市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
• 市占率及预测
• 欧洲：国别分析
  • 德国
  • 法国
  • 英国
  • 义大利
  • 西班牙

第八章：亚太地区疱疹性咽峡炎治疗市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
• 市占率及预测
• 亚太地区：国别分析
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韩国
  • 澳洲

第九章：中东和非洲疱疹病毒感染治疗市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
• 市占率及预测
• 中东与非洲：国别分析
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
  • 南非

第十章：南美洲疱疹病毒感染症治疗市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
• 市占率及预测
• 南美洲：国别分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥伦比亚
  • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

• 促进因素
• 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

• 併购
• 产品发布
• 近期趋势

第十三章：全球疱疹性咽峡炎治疗市场：SWOT分析

第十四章：波特五力分析

• 产业竞争
• 新进入者的潜力
• 供应商的议价能力
• 顾客权力
• 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

• Gilead Sciences Inc
• Johnson and Johnsons
• Merck & Co. Inc
• Pfizer Inc.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Sanofi SA
• Novartis AG
• Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章：关于研究公司及免责声明

The Global Herpangina Treatment Market is projected to expand from USD 1.94 Billion in 2025 to USD 2.94 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 7.17%. This market encompasses pharmaceutical and supportive care sectors dedicated to managing a common viral infection in children, which is distinguished by fever and painful mouth ulcers. Key growth drivers include the rising transmission of enteroviruses in crowded childcare environments and a growing global pediatric population that requires regular medical attention. Additionally, heightened parental awareness regarding viral hygiene, coupled with the need for immediate symptom alleviation, supports the consistent use of analgesics and antipyretics as the primary standard of care.

Conversely, a major hurdle limiting extensive market growth is the self-limiting nature of the illness, which diminishes the commercial motivation for pharmaceutical firms to engineer expensive, targeted antiviral treatments. Consequently, the industry relies heavily on low-margin generic drugs, which constrains total revenue potential despite the large volume of cases. To illustrate the significant burden of the disease, data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control indicates that in 2024, weekly outpatient and emergency visits for enterovirus infections reached a peak of over 22,000 cases during the height of the epidemic season.

Market Driver

The increasing global prevalence of pediatric herpangina serves as a major catalyst for market expansion, ensuring the continuous use of medications for symptomatic relief. As enteroviral transmission rates climb in the post-pandemic landscape, healthcare professionals are observing a marked increase in young patients needing clinical care for fever and painful oropharyngeal ulcers. This epidemiological surge leads directly to greater sales of analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and topical anesthetics, which function as the primary treatment methods lacking specific antivirals. Demonstrating this trend, the National Economic and Social Development Council of Thailand reported in its 'Second Quarter 2025 Economic Report' in September 2025 that cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease-the main clinical manifestation of these enteroviruses-rose by 65.7% year-on-year during that quarter, compelling manufacturers to sustain high production levels.

Furthermore, government efforts to control infectious diseases boost market activity through strict surveillance and the accelerated approval of preventive measures. Health authorities are enacting stronger monitoring protocols and backing the creation of vaccines to reduce the impact of severe strains like EV71, which validates prescribed therapies and promotes early medical intervention. For example, the Vietnam Ministry of Health, in a February 2025 'Joint Statement on Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease', emphasized the critical need to approve the nation's first domestic vaccine following more than 76,000 recorded cases the prior year. Similarly, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency's '2024 Annual Report on Notified Infectious Diseases', released in July 2025, showed a 54.5% rise in total infectious cases, highlighting the urgent requirement for robust disease management strategies.

Market Challenge

The self-limiting characteristic of herpangina represents a significant barrier to the financial expansion of the global treatment market. Since this viral infection usually clears up on its own within a week without leaving lasting effects, there is little clinical urgency to prescribe potent, expensive antiviral therapies. This brief duration markedly reduces the commercial feasibility of creating disease-specific medications, as pharmaceutical manufacturers view the return on investment for such niche products as inadequate. As a result, the market depends heavily on low-margin over-the-counter analgesics and antipyretics, limiting the total revenue potential for industry players despite frequent outbreaks.

This dynamic fosters a market landscape defined by high case numbers but disproportionately low financial value. While the widespread nature of the ailment guarantees consistent demand for supportive care, it does not lead to the uptake of premium therapeutic options. Highlighting this gap, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases reported that in 2025, weekly herpangina cases in Japan peaked at roughly 4.0 per sentinel site during the summer epidemic season. This data underscores the existence of a large patient population that, due to the temporary nature of the condition, generates only minimal high-value revenue for the pharmaceutical industry.

Market Trends

The integration of Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Technologies is revolutionizing the clinical approach to herpangina by facilitating exact pathogen identification. Medical providers are progressively moving away from reliance on symptoms alone to employing advanced multiplex PCR assays, which are essential for differentiating herpangina-causing Coxsackieviruses from other dangerous enteroviral strains with similar symptoms. This technological advancement improves patient triage and curtails the unnecessary use of antibiotics for viral infections. Emphasizing the need for such precise surveillance, the American Society for Microbiology noted in its June 2025 report, 'Enhanced genomic surveillance of enteroviruses', that detailed molecular screening identified EV-D68 in 72.6% of enterovirus-positive samples, highlighting the vital function of advanced diagnostics in accurate disease tracking.

Simultaneously, a specific research emphasis on Broad-Spectrum Anti-Enteroviral Agents is developing to tackle the absence of targeted curative treatments. Acknowledging the constraints of purely symptomatic care, pharmaceutical developers are vigorously investigating new therapeutic categories, including capsid inhibitors and protease inhibitors, intended to combat a broad spectrum of enterovirus serotypes. This strategic shift steers the market away from low-cost analgesics toward high-value disease-modifying medications, specifically to avert severe complications in at-risk pediatric groups. Confirming the significant economic promise of this direction, GeneOnline projected in its December 2025 article, 'Enterovirus Hits 6-Year Peak', that the non-polio enterovirus therapeutics sector will surpass $10 billion by 2030, fueled by the pressing demand for effective treatments.

Key Market Players

• Gilead Sciences Inc
• Johnson and Johnsons
• Merck & Co. Inc
• Pfizer Inc.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Sanofi S.A
• Novartis AG
• Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Herpangina Treatment Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Herpangina Treatment Market, By Treatment

• Topical Anesthetics
• Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen
• Other Treatments

Herpangina Treatment Market, By Virus

• Coxsackie Virus A
• Coxsackie Virus B
• Enterovirus 71
• Echovirus

Herpangina Treatment Market, By End User

• Hospitals
• Homecare
• Specialty Clinics
• Others

Herpangina Treatment Market, By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Herpangina Treatment Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Herpangina Treatment Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Treatment (Topical Anesthetics, Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen, Other Treatments)
  • 5.2.2. By Virus (Coxsackie Virus A, Coxsackie Virus B, Enterovirus 71, Echovirus)
  • 5.2.3. By End User (Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Treatment
  • 6.2.2. By Virus
  • 6.2.3. By End User
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Treatment
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Virus
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 6.3.2. Canada Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Treatment
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Virus
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Treatment
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Virus
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End User

7. Europe Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Treatment
  • 7.2.2. By Virus
  • 7.2.3. By End User
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Treatment
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Virus
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.2. France Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Treatment
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Virus
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Treatment
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Virus
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.4. Italy Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Treatment
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Virus
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.5. Spain Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Treatment
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Virus
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End User

8. Asia Pacific Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Treatment
  • 8.2.2. By Virus
  • 8.2.3. By End User
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Treatment
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Virus
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.2. India Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Treatment
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Virus
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.3. Japan Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Treatment
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Virus
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Treatment
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Virus
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.5. Australia Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Treatment
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Virus
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End User

9. Middle East & Africa Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Treatment
  • 9.2.2. By Virus
  • 9.2.3. By End User
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Treatment
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Virus
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 9.3.2. UAE Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Treatment
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Virus
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Treatment
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Virus
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End User

10. South America Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Treatment
  • 10.2.2. By Virus
  • 10.2.3. By End User
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Treatment
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Virus
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Treatment
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Virus
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Herpangina Treatment Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Treatment
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Virus
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End User

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Herpangina Treatment Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Gilead Sciences Inc
  • 15.1.1. Business Overview
  • 15.1.2. Products & Services
  • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 15.2. Johnson and Johnsons
• 15.3. Merck & Co. Inc
• 15.4. Pfizer Inc.
• 15.5. AbbVie Inc.
• 15.6. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• 15.7. Sanofi S.A
• 15.8. Novartis AG
• 15.9. Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
• 15.10. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer