|  | 市场调查报告书 商品编码 1845755 全球汽车塑胶市场规模(按产品类型、应用、车辆类型、区域范围和预测)Global Automotive Plastics Market Size By Product Type (Polypropylene, Polyurethane, Polyvinylchloride, Polyamide ), By Application, By Vehicle Type, By Geographic Scope And Forecast | ||||||
2024 年汽车塑胶市场规模为 212.7 亿美元,预计到 2032 年将达到 366.1 亿美元,2026 年至 2032 年的复合年增长率为 7.02%。
汽车塑胶市场是指涉及生产、销售和分销用于製造各种汽车零件的各种合成聚合物材料的全球产业。
这些塑胶包括聚丙烯 (PP)、聚氨酯 (PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC) 和丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯 (ABS),并经过以下评估:
轻量化:与金属和玻璃等传统材料相比,它们轻得多,有助于减轻车辆整体重量,从而提高燃油经济性并减少二氧化碳排放,这是严格的环境法规推动的市场驱动力。
多功能性和设计灵活性:塑胶可以轻鬆模製成复杂的形状,从而实现创新且美观的车辆内部和外部零件设计。
耐用性和性能:耐腐蚀、耐衝击和耐热性能有助于提高车辆的安全性、使用寿命和整体性能。
成本效益:塑胶的製造和加工通常比传统材料更经济。
在技术创新、消费者需求和日益增长的环境责任的推动下,汽车产业不断发展。这一转变的核心是快速成长的汽车塑胶市场。这些用途广泛的材料不再只是传统金属的替代品,而是实现现代汽车关键性能标准的基础。了解支撑这一市场成长的关键因素对于预测汽车製造业的未来至关重要。
为提高燃油经济性并减少车辆排放气体,对轻量材料的需求不断增长:减轻车辆重量可能是汽车塑胶市场最重要的驱动力。随着全球对气候变迁和燃油价格波动的担忧日益加剧,消费者和监管机构都在努力提高燃油经济性并减少温室气体排放。塑胶比钢和铝具有更高的强度重量比,是绝佳的解决方案。透过用轻质塑胶替代品(从内装和座椅结构到车身外板和引擎盖组件)替换较重的零件,製造商可以显着减轻车辆的整体重量。这种「减重」直接转化为内燃机的消费量降低和电动车的续航里程延长,同时提高性能并最大限度地减少环境影响。对轻量化设计的持续追求可能会继续推动汽车塑胶的创新和需求。
电动车 (EV) 的普及需要先进的轻量化零件:全球快速向电动车 (EV) 转型为汽车塑胶创造了重要的新机会。与内燃机汽车相比,电动车从减重中受益匪浅。减轻的每一公斤重量都有助于延长电池续航里程。先进塑胶对于减轻电池机壳、结构部件甚至充电连接埠的重量至关重要,同时又不影响安全性或结构完整性。此外,电动车电池和电力电子设备具有独特的温度控管要求,通常需要同时提供隔热和散热功能的专用塑胶复合材料。随着电动车产量呈指数级增长,对满足电动动力传动系统和电池系统特定需求的创新高性能塑料的需求将猛增,从而巩固了塑料作为未来永续交通重要材料的地位。
新兴经济体汽车产销成长:新兴经济体(尤其是亚太、拉丁美洲和非洲)汽车产销扩张是汽车塑胶市场发展的强劲驱动力。随着这些地区可支配所得的成长,个人出行需求也随之成长。国内外汽车製造商纷纷在这些快速成长的市场建立製造地,以满足日益增长的消费群。汽车产量的成长自然会带动包括塑胶在内的所有汽车零件需求的成长。此外,随着这些市场的成熟,消费者偏好功能先进、外观精美且燃油经济性卓越的汽车——这一趋势在塑料发挥关键作用的所有领域都显而易见。这些人口和经济变化确保了汽车塑胶持续显着的成长轨迹,从而支撑着一个更大、更多元化的市场。
与金属等传统材料相比,塑胶具有更高的设计灵活性和耐用性:除了减轻重量外,现代塑胶固有的设计灵活性和卓越的耐用性也使其与金属等传统材料相比具有显着优势。塑胶可以相对轻鬆地模製、挤压成型,并形成复杂精密的形状,而且加工成本较低。摆脱了金属加工的限制,汽车设计师拥有前所未有的创造性自由,能够设计出创新的空气动力学轮廓、符合人体工学的内饰布局以及美观的车身,而这些是金属难以甚至无法实现的。
限制全球汽车塑胶市场的因素
儘管汽车塑胶市场成长迅速,但仍面临来自经济、环境和竞争等诸多因素的巨大阻力。这些挑战迫使该行业不断创新,并适应不断变化的全球环境。
原油价格波动影响汽车塑胶的原料成本。原油价格是汽车塑胶市场的主要限制因素,因为它们是生产塑胶树脂的主要原料。石脑油和乙烯等石油基衍生物是聚合物的基本组成部分,其成本受全球石油市场波动的影响极大。原油价格上涨会增加新塑胶(即原生塑胶)的生产成本,进而推高汽车零件的生产成本。这会对塑胶製造商的利润率带来压力,进而挤压汽车製造商的利润率。相反,原油价格下跌会导致原生塑胶比再生塑胶更便宜,从而抑制製造商使用再生材料,并削弱永续性的努力。这种持续的波动对整个产业的供应链稳定性和长期财务规划构成了重大挑战。
对塑胶废弃物及其有限生物降解性的担忧:全球对塑胶废弃物日益增长的担忧是最大的限制之一。作为塑胶的主要消费产业,汽车产业因其对环境污染的贡献而日益受到追责。塑胶因其轻量而备受青睐,但其耐用性和低生物降解性意味着在车辆报废后,许多塑胶零件掩埋掩埋,并在那里存放数百年。公众和监管机构对减少塑胶污染的压力促使汽车製造商寻求更永续的替代方案。这包括对生物基塑胶的研究和循环经济模式的采用,但这些解决方案尚未普及,并且面临经济和技术障碍。
处理汽车塑胶废弃物的成本高昂且技术挑战重重:虽然回收是解决塑胶废弃物问题的一个有希望的解决方案,但汽车塑胶回收再利用的实际情况却复杂且成本高昂。与相对容易分离和熔化的金属不同,现代汽车由多种类型的塑胶组成,这些塑胶通常用填充材增强或与其他材料粘合。拆卸汽车、按类型对这些塑胶进行分类,并将其加工成一致的高品质材料以供重复使用,这一过程在技术上具有挑战性且成本高昂。对于许多零件而言,回收成本超过了回收材料的价值,因此在经济上不可行。缺乏具有成本效益的回收基础设施是一个主要障碍,导致大量废弃汽车塑胶被掩埋或焚烧,而不是回收。
政府对塑胶使用和处置的严格监管:世界各国政府正在加强对塑胶使用和处置的监管,这对汽车塑胶市场产生了直接影响。这些监管规定包括强制提高回收率、禁止使用某些类型的塑料,以及诸如「生产者延伸责任制」(EPR)等政策,该政策要求汽车製造商对其车辆的报废管理负责。例如,一些地区推出了新的监管规定,要求製造商在新车生产中使用再生材料达到特定目标。虽然这些监管规定对环境有利,但也增加了汽车製造商及其供应商的合规负担和生产成本。不合规行为可能导致巨额罚款,迫使汽车业大力投资新的回收技术或寻求替代材料。
来自铝和碳纤维等替代轻质材料的竞争:塑胶并非减轻汽车重量的唯一解决方案。汽车塑胶市场面临来自替代轻质材料的激烈竞争,主要是铝和碳纤维。铝在轻质和高强度之间实现了极佳的平衡,并且凭藉成熟的回收基础设施,可广泛回收。碳纤维虽然价格昂贵得多,但却拥有无与伦比的强度重量比,使其成为高性能和豪华汽车的首选材料,因为这些汽车对成本的顾虑较少。随着这些替代材料成本效益的提升和製造过程的日益成熟,它们对塑胶构成了严重威胁,尤其是在结构部件方面,塑胶可能难以达到相同的性能水平。
Automotive Plastics Market size was valued at USD 21.27 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 36.61 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.02% from 2026 to 2032.
The "Automotive Plastics Market" refers to the global industry involved in the production, sale, and distribution of a wide range of synthetic polymer materials specifically used in the manufacturing of various components for vehicles.
These plastics, which include types such as polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), are valued for their:
Lightweight properties: They are significantly lighter than traditional materials like metal and glass, which helps to reduce the overall weight of a vehicle. This, in turn, improves fuel efficiency and reduces carbon emissions, a key driver for the market due to stringent environmental regulations.
Versatility and design flexibility: Plastics can be easily molded into complex shapes, allowing for innovative and aesthetic vehicle designs for both interior and exterior parts.
Durability and performance: They offer properties like resistance to corrosion, impact, and heat, contributing to the safety, longevity, and overall performance of the vehicle.
Cost effectiveness: In many cases, plastics are more economical to produce and process compared to traditional materials.
The automotive industry is in a constant state of evolution, driven by innovation, consumer demand, and increasingly, environmental responsibility. At the heart of much of this transformation is the burgeoning Automotive Plastics Market. These versatile materials are no longer just an alternative to traditional metals; they are fundamental to achieving critical performance benchmarks in modern vehicles. Understanding the key drivers behind this market's growth is essential for anyone looking to navigate the future of automotive manufacturing.
Rising Demand for Lightweight Materials to Improve Fuel Efficiency and Reduce Vehicle Emissions: The imperative to make vehicles lighter is perhaps the most significant catalyst for the Automotive Plastics Market. As global concerns about climate change intensify and fuel prices fluctuate, both consumers and regulators are pushing for greater fuel efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Plastics, with their superior strength to weight ratio compared to steel or aluminum, offer an elegant solution. By replacing heavier components with lightweight plastic alternatives from interior trim and seating structures to exterior body panels and under the hood parts manufacturers can significantly reduce a vehicle's overall mass. This "lightweighting" directly translates into lower fuel consumption for internal combustion engines and extended range for electric vehicles, simultaneously enhancing performance and minimizing environmental impact. The ongoing pursuit of ever lighter designs will continue to fuel innovation and demand within the automotive plastics sector.
Increasing Adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) Requiring Advanced Lightweight Components: The rapid global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) presents another monumental opportunity for automotive plastics. EVs, perhaps even more so than their internal combustion counterparts, benefit immensely from lightweighting. Every kilogram saved contributes to improving battery range, which remains a primary concern for potential EV buyers. Advanced plastics are crucial for reducing the weight of battery housings, structural components, and even charging port designs, without compromising safety or structural integrity. Furthermore, the unique thermal management requirements of EV batteries and power electronics often necessitate specialized plastic composites that offer both insulation and heat dissipation properties. As EV production scales up exponentially, the demand for innovative, high performance plastics tailored to the specific needs of electric powertrains and battery systems will surge, solidifying plastics' role as an indispensable material in the future of sustainable mobility.
Growth in Automotive Production and Sales Across Emerging Economies: The expanding automotive production and sales in emerging economies, particularly in regions like Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Africa, act as a powerful engine for the Automotive Plastics Market. As disposable incomes rise in these regions, so does the demand for personal transportation. Local and international automakers are establishing manufacturing hubs in these burgeoning markets to cater to the growing consumer base. This increased volume of vehicle production naturally translates into a higher demand for all automotive components, including plastics. Furthermore, as these markets mature, there is a growing consumer preference for vehicles that offer advanced features, better aesthetics, and improved fuel efficiency all areas where plastics play a crucial role. This demographic and economic shift ensures a sustained and significant growth trajectory for automotive plastics, supporting massive scale and diversification in the market.
Enhanced Design Flexibility and Durability of Plastics Compared to Conventional Materials Like Metals: Beyond weight savings, the inherent design flexibility and remarkable durability of modern plastics provide a compelling advantage over traditional materials such as metals. Plastics can be molded, extruded, and formed into intricate shapes and complex geometries with relative ease and at lower processing costs. This liberation from the constraints of metal fabrication allows automotive designers unprecedented creative freedom, enabling innovative aerodynamic profiles, ergonomic interior layouts, and aesthetically pleasing bodywork that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with metal.
Global Automotive Plastics Market Restraints
The Automotive Plastics Market, despite its rapid growth, faces significant headwinds from economic, environmental, and competitive factors. These restraints challenge the industry to innovate and adapt to a changing global landscape.
Fluctuating Crude Oil Prices Affecting the Cost of Raw Materials for Automotive Plastics: The price of crude oil is a major restraint on the Automotive Plastics Market because it is the primary feedstock for producing plastic resins. The cost of petroleum based derivatives like naphtha and ethylene, which are fundamental building blocks for polymers, is highly sensitive to the volatility of global oil markets. When crude oil prices rise, the cost of manufacturing new, or virgin, plastics increases, which can lead to higher production costs for automotive components. This can squeeze profit margins for plastics manufacturers and, in turn, for automakers. Conversely, when oil prices fall, it can make virgin plastic cheaper than recycled plastic, disincentivizing manufacturers from using recycled materials and undermining sustainability efforts. This constant fluctuation creates a significant challenge for supply chain stability and long term financial planning across the entire industry.
Environmental Concerns Regarding Plastic Waste and its Limited Biodegradability: One of the most significant restraints is the growing global concern over plastic waste. The automotive industry, as a major consumer of plastics, is under increasing scrutiny for its contribution to environmental pollution. While plastics are lauded for their lightweight properties, their durability and limited biodegradability mean that at the end of a vehicle's life, many plastic components end up in landfills, where they can persist for centuries. The public and regulatory pressure to reduce plastic pollution is pushing automakers to seek more sustainable alternatives. This includes exploring bio based plastics and implementing circular economy models, but these solutions are not yet widespread and face their own set of economic and technical hurdles.
High Recycling Costs and Technical Challenges in Processing Automotive Plastic Waste: While recycling offers a promising solution to the plastic waste problem, the reality of automotive plastic recycling is complex and costly. Unlike metal, which is relatively easy to separate and melt down, a modern car contains a complex mix of many different types of plastics, often reinforced with fillers or bonded with other materials. The process of disassembling a vehicle, sorting these plastics by type, and then processing them into a consistent, high quality material for reuse is both technically challenging and expensive. For many components, the cost of recycling exceeds the value of the recovered material, making it economically unfeasible. This lack of a cost effective recycling infrastructure is a major barrier, leading to a significant amount of end of life vehicle plastics being landfilled or incinerated instead of recycled.
Stringent Government Regulations on Plastic Usage and Disposal: Governments worldwide are implementing stricter regulations on plastic use and disposal, which directly impact the Automotive Plastics Market. These regulations include mandates for higher recycling rates, bans on certain types of plastics, and policies like Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which holds automakers accountable for the end of life management of their vehicles. For instance, in some regions, new rules require manufacturers to meet specific targets for using recycled materials in new car production. While these regulations are a positive step for the environment, they add to the compliance burden and production costs for automakers and their suppliers. Failure to comply can result in substantial fines, pushing the industry to either invest heavily in new recycling technologies or explore alternative materials.
Competition from Alternative Lightweight Materials such as Aluminum and Carbon Fiber: Plastics are not the only solution for making vehicles lighter. The Automotive Plastics Market faces stiff competition from alternative lightweight materials, primarily aluminum and carbon fiber. Aluminum offers a good balance of low weight, high strength, and is widely recyclable, with a well established recycling infrastructure. While carbon fiber is significantly more expensive, it provides an unparalleled strength to weight ratio, making it the material of choice for high performance and luxury vehicles where cost is less of a concern. As these alternative materials become more cost effective and their manufacturing processes mature, they pose a serious threat to plastics, particularly in structural components where plastics may struggle to meet the same level of performance.
The Global Automotive Plastics Market is segmented on the basis of Product Type, Application, Vehicle Type, And Geography.
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyurethane (PU)
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Polyamide (PA)
Based on Product Type, the Automotive Plastics Market is segmented into Polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PU), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), and Polyamide (PA). At VMR, we observe that Polypropylene (PP) is the dominant subsegment, holding a significant majority of the market share, often exceeding 30%. Its dominance is driven by a powerful combination of factors: its cost effectiveness, exceptional versatility, and lightweight properties. Automakers are aggressively adopting PP to meet stringent government regulations on fuel efficiency and emissions, as its low density directly contributes to vehicle lightweighting. This trend is particularly strong in the Asia Pacific region, which is the global leader in automotive production and has a high demand for cost efficient materials in its rapidly expanding passenger and electric vehicle (EV) markets. PP's excellent mechanical properties, including high stiffness, chemical resistance, and ease of moldability, make it the material of choice for a wide range of components, from bumpers and instrument panels to interior door trims and battery casings.
Following PP, Polyurethane (PU) emerges as the second most dominant subsegment, valued for its superior cushioning and insulation properties. PU's growth is primarily fueled by the increasing demand for enhanced vehicle comfort, safety, and acoustic performance. It is a key material in interior furnishings, such as seating, headrests, and dashboards, contributing to both aesthetic appeal and crash protection. The rise of EVs also boosts demand for PU foam in applications requiring thermal and acoustic management. The remaining subsegments, including Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Polyamide (PA), play a supporting yet crucial role in the market. While PVC is used for its durability and weather resistance in interior panels and wire insulation, PA is a high performance engineering plastic valued for its strength, heat resistance, and durability in under the hood applications like engine covers and manifolds, with high future potential as vehicles become more complex.
Interior Furnishing
Exterior Furnishing
Based on Application, the Automotive Plastics Market is segmented into Interior Furnishing, Exterior Furnishing. At VMR, we observe that Interior Furnishing is the dominant application subsegment, holding a substantial market share, often cited at over 40% globally. This dominance is driven by a confluence of evolving consumer demands and technological advancements within the automotive industry. Modern consumers place a high value on a vehicle's interior experience, demanding enhanced comfort, aesthetics, and sophisticated features such as digital cockpits and advanced infotainment systems. Plastics are the material of choice for dashboards, door panels, seating components, and consoles due to their unmatched design flexibility, allowing for complex geometries and ergonomic forms that are both lightweight and durable. Furthermore, plastics contribute significantly to noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) reduction, a key factor in improving the in cabin experience. The robust growth of passenger vehicle sales in the Asia Pacific region, coupled with the increasing integration of electronics and digital screens in vehicles, further solidifies the dominance of this segment. Following interior furnishings,
Exterior Furnishing is the second most dominant subsegment, with a strong market position driven primarily by the critical need for vehicle lightweighting and improved aerodynamics. The use of plastics for exterior components like bumpers, grilles, fenders, and side mirrors is crucial for meeting stringent fuel efficiency and emission regulations worldwide. These applications leverage plastics for their high impact resistance and corrosion proof nature, which enhances vehicle safety and longevity. The remaining subsegments, such as Under the Hood and Chassis applications, while smaller in market share, are vital for niche, high performance applications. For example, plastics are increasingly used in engine covers, manifolds, and fuel lines for their excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance, supporting the ongoing shift to advanced powertrain technologies.
Passenger Cars
Light Commercial Vehicles
Based on Vehicle Type, the Automotive Plastics Market is segmented into Passenger Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles. At VMR, we observe that Passenger Cars is the overwhelmingly dominant subsegment, accounting for the largest share of the market's revenue and volume. This dominance is driven by several key factors. Firstly, the global production and sales volume of passenger cars significantly dwarf that of all other vehicle types combined, creating a massive end user base for plastic components. The accelerating shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) within the passenger car segment is a primary growth driver, as plastics are critical for lightweighting to extend battery range and improve energy efficiency. For example, plastics are extensively used in EV battery housings, interior systems, and exterior body panels to shed weight. Furthermore, a rising middle class and increasing urbanization in key regions like Asia Pacific, particularly in China and India, have fueled an unprecedented surge in passenger car ownership, directly translating into higher demand for automotive plastics. This segment also benefits from consumer trends demanding enhanced vehicle comfort, safety, and infotainment features, all of which heavily rely on plastic materials.
The second most dominant subsegment is Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs). This segment includes vans and small trucks, which are seeing significant growth due to the booming e commerce and logistics industries. As last mile delivery and urban logistics become more critical, LCVs are increasingly being designed with lightweight plastic components to improve fuel efficiency and payload capacity. The remaining subsegments, while smaller, are vital for niche applications, such as heavy commercial vehicles and two wheelers, where plastics are adopted to reduce weight and enhance durability.
North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East and Africa
The global Automotive Plastics Market is a dynamic and geographically diverse industry, with its growth and trends varying significantly across different regions. This geographical analysis provides a detailed look into the key market dynamics, drivers, and trends in major regions, highlighting the unique factors shaping their respective automotive plastics landscapes.
United States Automotive Plastics Market
The United States Automotive Plastics Market is characterized by a strong emphasis on lightweighting, driven by a combination of stringent environmental regulations and consumer demand for fuel efficient vehicles. The government's Corporate Average Average Economy (CAFE) standards compel automakers to reduce vehicle weight to improve fuel efficiency and lower emissions, making plastics an ideal material. The market is also heavily influenced by the accelerating shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), with major automakers investing billions in EV and autonomous vehicle (AV) production. This trend boosts the demand for advanced, high performance plastics for use in battery housings, interior components, and other parts where weight reduction is crucial for maximizing range. Key trends include the increasing use of sustainable and recycled polymers and a focus on innovative material formulations to meet evolving performance and aesthetic requirements.
Europe Automotive Plastics Market
Europe's Automotive Plastics Market is a hub of innovation, primarily driven by strict European Union regulations on vehicle emissions and the region's strong push for electrification. The European automotive industry, a major consumer of plastics, is actively replacing traditional materials with lightweight polymers to meet ambitious CO2 reduction targets. The market is also heavily influenced by the development of sustainable materials and a circular economy approach, with a growing focus on the recyclability of automotive components. Europe's leadership in passenger car production, coupled with a high demand for premium and technologically advanced vehicles, has created a strong market for high performance engineering plastics used in complex applications like under the hood systems, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and interior aesthetics. Germany, as the largest automotive market in Europe, plays a particularly dominant role in shaping these trends.
Asia Pacific Automotive Plastics Market
The Asia Pacific region is the largest and fastest growing market for automotive plastics globally. This dominance is fueled by a massive and expanding automotive manufacturing base, particularly in countries like China, India, and Japan. The region's market dynamics are driven by a confluence of factors, including rising disposable incomes, rapid urbanization, and a burgeoning middle class that is fueling new vehicle sales. Additionally, Asia Pacific is at the forefront of the global electric vehicle revolution, with China being the undisputed leader in both EV production and sales. This has created a monumental demand for lightweight plastic components for EV batteries, chassis, and interiors. The region also benefits from a competitive manufacturing landscape with low cost labor and abundant raw material availability, which makes it a major producer and exporter of automotive components.
Latin America Automotive Plastics Market
The Automotive Plastics Market in Latin America is marked by steady growth, primarily driven by increasing vehicle production and sales in key countries like Brazil and Mexico. The region's market dynamics are closely tied to its economic conditions, with growth in disposable income and ongoing infrastructure development spurring demand for vehicles. The focus here is on a balance between cost effectiveness and performance, making materials like polypropylene (PP) a dominant choice for various automotive applications. While the market is not as advanced in terms of electric vehicle adoption as other regions, there is a gradual shift towards more fuel efficient and environmentally friendly vehicle models, which is expected to progressively increase the demand for lightweight plastic materials.
Middle East & Africa Automotive Plastics Market
The Middle East & Africa (MEA) Automotive Plastics Market is a developing region with significant potential. Its growth is primarily driven by increasing domestic manufacturing activities and industrialization, particularly in oil rich nations that are diversifying their economies. The market is also seeing a surge in demand for high performance plastics due to the gradual but steady adoption of electric vehicles in the region. The volatility of crude oil prices, which is a major factor in the MEA's broader economy, also affects the cost of plastic raw materials. However, as countries in the region focus on building their own automotive ecosystems and reducing their reliance on imports, the demand for automotive plastics is expected to rise, particularly for parts that contribute to better fuel efficiency and thermal management in challenging climates.
The "Global Automotive Plastics Market" study report will provide valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are BASF SE, Dow Inc., Covestro AG, LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V., SABIC, DuPont de Nemours Inc., LANXESS AG, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Solvay S.A., Evonik Industries AG, Teijin Limited, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Arkema S.A., Celanese Corporation, DSM Engineering Plastics, Toray Industries Inc., RTP Company, Borealis AG, LG Chem Ltd.
