全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场研究报告 - 2023 年至 2030 年行业分析、规模、份额、增长、趋势和预测
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1319882

全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场研究报告 - 2023 年至 2030 年行业分析、规模、份额、增长、趋势和预测

Global Dental Bone Grafts And Substitutes Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2023 to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 230 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场的需求预计将从 2022 年的 745.19 万美元达到 2030 年近 1620.77 万美元的市场规模,在 2023 年至 2030 年的研究期间年复合成长率为 10.2%。

牙科骨移植物和替代品是用于口腔颌面手术的医用材料,用于增强和再生颌骨和牙齿结构中的骨组织。这些手术通常在牙科中进行,以恢復骨量并支持牙种植体、治疗牙周疾病以及解决需要骨重建的各种牙科疾病。

当患者由于牙齿缺失、外伤、感染或其他因素导致颌骨缺乏足够的骨密度时,这些材料可以促进骨骼生长,并为牙种植体或其他假体装置创造稳定的基础。

市场动态:

用于功能和美容目的的牙种植手术的日益普及,显着增加了对牙骨移植物和替代品的需求,因为这些材料为成功的种植体植入提供了必要的骨支撑和稳定性。全球人口老龄化也促进了市场增长,因为老年人会经历牙齿脱落和颌骨吸收,需要骨移植手术来解决缺陷。牙科材料和技术的技术进步导致了更有效和生物相容性骨移植物和替代品的开发,鼓励了它们的采用。口腔健康意识的提高以及保持牙齿功能和美观的重要性促使更多患者寻求牙科治疗,进一步刺激了对骨移植手术的需求。支持性报销政策和增加的保险范围使患者更容易获得这些治疗。此外,牙周病的流行、牙科旅游业的增长以及再生牙科的进步也促进了市场的扩张。全球范围内不断增加的牙科诊所和医院也使人们更容易获得牙科服务和治疗,从而推动了对牙科骨移植和替代品的需求

该研究报告涵盖波特五力模型、市场吸引力分析和价值链分析。这些工具有助于清晰地了解行业结构并评估全球范围内的竞争吸引力。此外,这些工具还对全球牙骨移植物和替代品市场的每个细分市场进行了包容性评估。牙科骨移植物和替代品行业的增长和趋势为本研究提供了整体方法。

区域分析:

本节涵盖区域前景,重点介绍北美、欧洲、亚太地区、拉丁美洲以及中东和非洲牙科骨移植物和替代品市场当前和未来的需求。此外,该报告重点关注所有主要地区各个应用领域的需求、估计和预测。

该研究报告还涵盖了市场主要参与者的全面概况以及对全球竞争格局的深入了解。牙科骨移植物和替代品市场的主要参与者包括 Dentsply Sirona、Biohorizo​​ns Inc.、Zimmer Biomet、Dentsply Sirona、Rti Surgicals、Medtronic、Geistlich Pharma Ag、Dentium Co, Ltd.、Orthogen.、Lifenet Health。本节包含竞争格局的整体视图,包括各种战略发展,例如关键併购、未来产能、合作伙伴关係、财务概况、合作、新产品开发、新产品发布和其他发展。

如果您有任何定制要求,请写信给我们。我们的研究团队可以根据您的需求提供定制报告。

目录

第一章:前言

  • 报告说明
    • 客观的
    • 目标听众
    • 独特的销售主张 (USP) 和产品
  • 研究范围
  • 研究方法论
    • 市场研究过程
    • 市场研究方法论

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 市场亮点
  • 全球市场概况

第 3 章:牙科骨移植物和替代品 - 行业分析

  • 简介 - 市场动态
  • 市场驱动因素
  • 市场限制
  • 机会
  • 行业动态
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市场吸引力分析
    • 按材料类型分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按应用分类
    • 按最终用途分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按地区

第 4 章:价值链分析

  • 价值链分析
  • 原材料分析
    • 原材料清单
    • 原料厂商清单
    • 主要原材料价格走势
  • 潜在买家名单
  • 营销渠道
    • 直销
    • 间接营销
    • 营销渠道发展趋势

第 5 章:全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场分析:按材料类型

  • 按材料类型概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按材料类型分析
  • 自体移植物
  • 同种异体移植(脱矿骨基质,其他)
  • 异种移植
  • 合成的

第 6 章:全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场分析:按应用分类

  • 概述:按应用
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 分析:按应用
  • 脊增强
  • 上颌窦提升术
  • 牙周缺损再生
  • 种植体骨再生
  • 插座保护

第 7 章:全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场分析:按最终用途分类

  • 按最终用途分類的概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按最终用途分析
  • 医院
  • 牙科诊所

第 8 章:全球牙科骨移植物和替代品市场分析:按地理位置

  • 区域展望
  • 介绍
  • 北美销售分析
    • 概览、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 北美按细分市场销售分析
    • 北美按国家/地区销售分析
    • 美国销售分析
    • 加拿大销售分析
    • 墨西哥销售分析
  • 欧洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 欧洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 欧洲按国家/地区销售分析
    • 英国销售分析
    • 法国销售分析
    • 德国销售分析
    • 意大利销售分析
    • 俄罗斯销售分析
    • 欧洲其他地区销售分析
  • 亚太地区销售分析
    • 概览、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 亚太地区按细分市场销售分析
    • 亚太地区国家/地区销售分析
    • 中国销售分析
    • 印度销售分析
    • 日本销售分析
    • 韩国销售分析
    • 澳大利亚销售分析
    • 东南亚销售分析
    • 亚太地区其他地区销售分析
  • 拉丁美洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按国家/地区销售分析
    • 巴西销售分析
    • 阿根廷销售分析
    • 秘鲁销售分析
    • 智利销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地区销售分析
  • 中东和非洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 中东和非洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 中东和非洲国家销售分析
    • 沙特阿拉伯销售分析
    • 阿联酋销售分析
    • 以色列销售分析
    • 南非销售分析
    • 中东其他地区和非洲销售分析

第 9 章:牙骨移植物和替代品公司的竞争格局

  • 牙科骨移植物和替代品市场竞争
  • 伙伴关係/协作/协议
  • 併购
  • 新产品发布
  • 其他发展

第 10 章:公司简介

  • 公司股份分析
  • 市场集中度
  • Dentsply Sirona
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Biohorizons Inc.
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Zimmer Biomet
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Dentsply Sirona
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Rti Surgicals
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Medtronic
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Geistlich Pharma Ag
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Dentium Co Ltd.
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Orthogen.
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Lifenet Health
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展

注意 - 在公司概况中,财务详细信息和近期发展视情况而定,或者如果是私营公司,则可能不包括在内

Product Code: VMR112111764

The global demand for Dental Bone Grafts and Substitutes Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 1620.77 MN by 2030 from USD 745.19 MN in 2022 with a CAGR of 10.2% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

Dental bone grafts and substitutes are medical materials used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries to augment and regenerate bone tissue in the jaw and dental structures. These procedures are commonly performed in dentistry to restore bone volume and support dental implants, treat periodontal diseases, and address various dental conditions that require bone reconstruction.

When a patient lacks sufficient bone density in the jaw due to tooth loss, trauma, infection, or other factors, these materials can promote bone growth and create a stable foundation for dental implants or other prosthetic devices.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

The increasing prevalence of dental implant procedures for functional and cosmetic purposes has significantly boosted the demand for dental bone grafts and substitutes, as these materials provide essential bone support and stability for successful implant placements. The ageing global population has also contributed to market growth, as older individuals experience tooth loss and bone resorption in the jaw, requiring bone grafting procedures to address deficiencies. Technological advancements in dental materials and technologies have led to the development of more efficient and biocompatible bone grafts and substitutes, encouraging their adoption. Rising oral health awareness and the importance of maintaining dental function and aesthetics have driven more patients to seek dental treatments, further fueling the demand for bone grafting procedures. Supportive reimbursement policies and increased insurance coverage have made these treatments more accessible to patients. Moreover, the prevalence of periodontal diseases, growth in dental tourism, and advancements in regenerative dentistry have contributed to the market's expansion. The increasing dental clinics and hospitals worldwide have also led to greater accessibility to dental services and treatments, driving the demand for dental bone grafts and substitutes

The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of dental bone grafts and substitutes. The growth and trends of dental bone grafts and substitutes industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

This section of the dental bone grafts and substitutes market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Material Type

  • Autograft
  • Allograft (Demineralized Bone Matrix, Others)
  • Xenograft
  • Synthetic

By Application

  • Ridge Augmentation
  • Sinus Lift
  • Periodontal Defect Regeneration
  • Implant Bone Regeneration
  • Socket Preservation

By End-Use

  • Hospitals
  • Dental Clinics

REGIONAL ANALYSIS:

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Dental Bone Grafts and Substitutes market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the Dental Bone Grafts and Substitutes market include Dentsply Sirona, Biohorizons Inc., Zimmer Biomet, Dentsply Sirona, Rti Surgicals, Medtronic, Geistlich Pharma Ag, Dentium Co, Ltd., Orthogen., Lifenet Health. This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Material Type
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-use
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . GLOBAL DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES MARKET ANALYSIS BY MATERIAL TYPE

  • 5.1 Overview by Material Type
  • 5.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 5.3 Analysis by Material Type
  • 5.4 Autograft Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.5 Allograft (Demineralized Bone Matrix, Others) Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.6 Xenograft Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.7 Synthetic Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

6 . GLOBAL DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

  • 6.1 Overview by Application
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Application
  • 6.4 Ridge Augmentation Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 Sinus Lift Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.6 Periodontal Defect Regeneration Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.7 Implant Bone Regeneration Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.8 Socket Preservation Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES MARKET ANALYSIS BY END-USE

  • 7.1 Overview by End-use
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by End-use
  • 7.4 Hospitals Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 Dental Clinics Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Regional Outlook
  • 8.2. Introduction
  • 8.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 8.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 8.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.9. South East Asia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.10. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 8.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 8.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

9 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES COMPANIES

  • 9.1. Dental Bone Grafts And Substitutes Market Competition
  • 9.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 9.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 9.4. New Product Launch
  • 9.5. Other Developments

10 . COMPANY PROFILES OF DENTAL BONE GRAFTS AND SUBSTITUTES INDUSTRY

  • 10.1. Company Share Analysis
  • 10.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 10.3. Dentsply Sirona
    • 10.3.1. Company Overview
    • 10.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.3.3. Products
    • 10.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.4. Biohorizons Inc.
    • 10.4.1. Company Overview
    • 10.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.4.3. Products
    • 10.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.5. Zimmer Biomet
    • 10.5.1. Company Overview
    • 10.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.5.3. Products
    • 10.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.6. Dentsply Sirona
    • 10.6.1. Company Overview
    • 10.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.6.3. Products
    • 10.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.7. Rti Surgicals
    • 10.7.1. Company Overview
    • 10.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.7.3. Products
    • 10.7.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.8. Medtronic
    • 10.8.1. Company Overview
    • 10.8.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.8.3. Products
    • 10.8.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.9. Geistlich Pharma Ag
    • 10.9.1. Company Overview
    • 10.9.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.9.3. Products
    • 10.9.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.10. Dentium Co Ltd.
    • 10.10.1. Company Overview
    • 10.10.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.10.3. Products
    • 10.10.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.11. Orthogen.
    • 10.11.1. Company Overview
    • 10.11.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.11.3. Products
    • 10.11.4. Recent Developments
  • 10.12. Lifenet Health
    • 10.12.1. Company Overview
    • 10.12.2. Company Revenue
    • 10.12.3. Products
    • 10.12.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • Analysis by Material Type (USD MN)
  • Autograft Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Allograft (Demineralized Bone Matrix, Others) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Xenograft Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Synthetic Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Application (USD MN)
  • Ridge Augmentation Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Sinus Lift Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Periodontal Defect Regeneration Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Implant Bone Regeneration Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Socket Preservation Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by End-use (USD MN)
  • Hospitals Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Dental Clinics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Dental Bone Grafts And Substitutes Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South East Asia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Dental Bone Grafts And Substitutes Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Dental Bone Grafts And Substitutes Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Material Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Application
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by End-use
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis by Material Type (USD MN)
  • Autograft Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Allograft (Demineralized Bone Matrix, Others) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Xenograft Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Synthetic Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Application (USD MN)
  • Ridge Augmentation Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Sinus Lift Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Periodontal Defect Regeneration Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Implant Bone Regeneration Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Socket Preservation Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by End-use (USD MN)
  • Hospitals Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Dental Clinics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.