封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1352906

全球营运技术安全市场研究报告 - 2023 年至 2030 年产业分析、规模、份额、成长、趋势和预测

Global Operational Technology Security Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2023 to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 288 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

全球营运技术安全市场需求预计将从 2022 年的 178.2 亿美元增至 2030 年的近 638.6 亿美元,2023-2030 年研究期间复合年增长率为 17.3%。

营运技术安全是指用于保护参与实体设备、流程和事件的监视和控制的人员、资产和资讯的软体、硬体、实务、人员和服务。营运技术安全旨在满足 OT 环境的独特安全需求。这包括保障系统可用性、理解特定于 OT 的协定以及防止对 OT 环境中常用的遗留系统的攻击。营运技术安全在各个行业中用于测量、控制和查看流程。

市场动态:

该市场受到工业 4.0 的采用迅速上升以及营运技术市场中网路攻击数量不断增加等因素的推动。此外,数位化转型增加了发电和电力领域对营运技术安全的需求。此外,数据流量和5G服务利用率的增加是促进营运技术安全市场成长的因素。此外,政府的数位化倡议、监管要求的提高以及 OT 基础设施网路攻击的增加正在推动市场向前发展。然而,营运技术中使用的软体相关知识的缺乏和成本因素等因素可能会阻碍市场的成长。

研究报告涵盖波特五力模型、市场吸引力分析和价值链分析。这些工具有助于清晰地了解行业结构并评估全球范围内的竞争吸引力。此外,这些工具也对全球营运技术安全市场的各个细分市场进行了包容性评估。营运技术安全产业的成长和趋势为本研究提供了整体方法。

区域分析:

本节涵盖区域前景,重点介绍北美、欧洲、亚太地区、拉丁美洲以及中东和非洲营运技术安全市场当前和未来的需求。此外,该报告重点关注所有主要地区各个应用领域的需求、估计和预测。

该研究报告还涵盖了市场主要参与者的全面概况以及对全球竞争格局的深入了解。营运技术安全市场的主要参与者包括 Broadcom(美国)、Cisco(美国)、Fortinet(美国)、Forcepoint(美国)、Forescout(美国)、Trellix(美国)、Zscaler(美国)、Darktrace(英国)、 Cyber Ark(美国)、BeyondTrust(美国)、微软(美国)、卡巴斯基(俄罗斯)、Nozomi Networks(美国)、Rapid7(美国)。本节包含竞争格局的整体视图,包括各种策略发展,例如关键併购、未来产能、合作伙伴关係、财务概况、合作、新产品开发、新产品发布和其他发展。

如果您有任何客製化要求,请写信给我们。我们的研究团队可以根据您的需求提供客製化报告。

目录

第一章:前言

  • 报告说明
    • 客观的
    • 目标受众
    • 独特的销售主张 (USP) 和产品
  • 研究范围
  • 研究方法论
    • 市场研究过程
    • 市场研究方法论

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 市集亮点
  • 全球市场概况

第 3 章:营运技术安全 - 产业分析

  • 简介 - 市场动态
  • 市场驱动因素
  • 市场限制
  • 机会
  • 产业动态
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市场吸引力分析
    • 按产品提供的市场吸引力分析
    • 按部署模式分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 按组织规模进行的市场吸引力分析
    • 按垂直领域分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按地区

第 4 章:价值链分析

  • 价值链分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清单
    • 原料厂商清单
    • 主要原物料价格走势
  • 潜在买家名单
  • 行销管道
    • 直效行销
    • 间接行销
    • 行销通路发展趋势

第 5 章:全球营运技术安全市场分析:按产品划分

  • 按产品分类概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按产品分析
  • 解决方案
  • 服务

第 6 章:全球营运技术安全市场分析:按部署模式

  • 依部署模式概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 依部署模式分析
  • 本地

第 7 章:全球营运技术安全市场分析:按组织规模

  • 按组织规模分類的概览
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按组织规模分析
  • 中小企业
  • 大型企业

第 8 章:全球营运技术安全市场分析:按垂直领域

  • 按垂直领域概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 垂直分析
  • 运输与物流
  • 製造业
  • 能源与电力(发电)
  • 石油和天然气(经销)
  • 其他的

第 9 章:全球营运技术安全市场分析:依地理位置

  • 区域展望
  • 介绍
  • 北美销售分析
    • 概览、历史与预测资料销售分析
    • 北美按细分市场销售分析
    • 北美按国家销售分析
    • 美国销售分析
    • 加拿大销售分析
    • 墨西哥销售分析
  • 欧洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史与预测资料销售分析
    • 欧洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 欧洲按国家销售分析
    • 英国销售分析
    • 法国销售分析
    • 德国销售分析
    • 义大利销售分析
    • 俄罗斯销售分析
    • 欧洲其他地区销售分析
  • 亚太地区销售分析
    • 概览、历史与预测资料销售分析
    • 亚太地区按细分市场销售分析
    • 亚太地区国家/地区销售分析
    • 中国销售分析
    • 印度销售分析
    • 日本销售分析
    • 韩国销售分析
    • 澳洲销售分析
    • 亚太地区其他地区销售分析
  • 拉丁美洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史与预测资料销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按国家销售分析
    • 巴西销售分析
    • 阿根廷销售分析
    • 秘鲁销售分析
    • 智利销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地区销售分析
  • 中东和非洲销售分析
    • 概览、历史与预测资料销售分析
    • 中东和非洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 中东和非洲国家销售分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯销售分析
    • 阿联酋销售分析
    • 以色列销售分析
    • 南非销售分析
    • 中东其他地区和非洲销售分析

第10章:营运技术安全公司的竞争格局

  • 营运技术安全市场竞争
  • 伙伴关係/协作/协议
  • 併购
  • 新产品发布
  • 其他发展

第 11 章:公司简介

  • 公司股份分析
  • 市场集中度
  • Broadcom (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Cisco (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Fortinet (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Forcepoint (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Forescout (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Trellix (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Zscaler (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Darktrace (UK)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • CyberArk (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • BeyondTrust (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Microsoft (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Kaspersky (Russia)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Nozomi Networks (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Rapid7 (US)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展

注意 - 在公司概况中,财务详细资讯和近期发展视情况而定,或者如果是私人公司,则可能不包括在内

Product Code: VMR11218869

The global demand for Operational Technology Security Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 63.86 BN by 2030 from USD 17.82 BN in 2022 with a CAGR of 17.3% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

Operational technology security references the software, hardware, practices, personnel, and services used to protect people, assets and information involved in the monitoring and controlling of physical devices, processes and events. Operational technology security is designed to meet the unique security needs of OT environments. This includes safeguarding system availability, comprehending OT-specific protocols, and preventing attacks on legacy systems commonly used in OT environments. Operational technology security is used in various industries to measure, control, and view processes.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

The market is driven by factors like the industry 4.0 adoption is quickly rising, and the number of cyber-attacks is fostering in the operational technology market. Moreover, the digital transformation has increased the need for operational technology security in the power generation & electrical segment. Furthermore, an increase in data traffic and utilization of 5G services are the factors fostering the operational technology security market growth. Additionally, government initiatives toward digitalization, increased regulatory requirements, and a rise in cyberattacks on OT infrastructure is pushing the market forward. However, factors like shortage of knowledge related to the software used in the operational technology and the cost factor may hamper the market growth.

The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of operational technology security. The growth and trends of operational technology security industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

This section of the operational technology security market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Offering

  • Solutions
  • Services

By Deployment Mode

  • Cloud
  • On Premises

By Organization Size

  • SMEs
  • Large Enterprises

By Vertical

  • Transportation & Logistics
  • Manufacturing
  • Energy & Power (Generation)
  • Oil & Gas (Distribution)
  • Others

REGIONAL ANALYSIS:

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Operational Technology Security market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the operational technology security market include Broadcom (US), Cisco (US), Fortinet (US), Forcepoint (US), Forescout (US), Trellix (US), Zscaler (US), Darktrace (UK), CyberArk (US), BeyondTrust (US), Microsoft (US), Kaspersky (Russia), Nozomi Networks (US), Rapid7 (US). This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Offering
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Deployment Mode
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Organization Size
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Vertical
    • 3.7.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . GLOBAL OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MARKET ANALYSIS BY OFFERING

  • 5.1 Overview by Offering
  • 5.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 5.3 Analysis by Offering
  • 5.4 Solutions Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.5 Services Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

6 . GLOBAL OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MARKET ANALYSIS BY DEPLOYMENT MODE

  • 6.1 Overview by Deployment Mode
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Deployment Mode
  • 6.4 Cloud Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 On Premises Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MARKET ANALYSIS BY ORGANIZATION SIZE

  • 7.1 Overview by Organization Size
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by Organization Size
  • 7.4 SMEs Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 Large Enterprises Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MARKET ANALYSIS BY VERTICAL

  • 8.1 Overview by Vertical
  • 8.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 8.3 Analysis by Vertical
  • 8.4 Transportation & Logistics Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.5 Manufacturing Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.6 Energy & Power (Generation) Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.7 Oil & Gas (Distribution) Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.8 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

9 . GLOBAL OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 9.1. Regional Outlook
  • 9.2. Introduction
  • 9.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 9.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 9.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.9. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 9.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 9.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

10 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY COMPANIES

  • 10.1. Operational Technology Security Market Competition
  • 10.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 10.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 10.4. New Product Launch
  • 10.5. Other Developments

11 . COMPANY PROFILES OF OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY INDUSTRY

  • 11.1. Company Share Analysis
  • 11.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 11.3. Broadcom (US)
    • 11.3.1. Company Overview
    • 11.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.3.3. Products
    • 11.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.4. Cisco (US)
    • 11.4.1. Company Overview
    • 11.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.4.3. Products
    • 11.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.5. Fortinet (US)
    • 11.5.1. Company Overview
    • 11.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.5.3. Products
    • 11.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.6. Forcepoint (US)
    • 11.6.1. Company Overview
    • 11.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.6.3. Products
    • 11.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.7. Forescout (US)
    • 11.7.1. Company Overview
    • 11.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.7.3. Products
    • 11.7.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.8. Trellix (US)
    • 11.8.1. Company Overview
    • 11.8.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.8.3. Products
    • 11.8.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.9. Zscaler (US)
    • 11.9.1. Company Overview
    • 11.9.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.9.3. Products
    • 11.9.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.10. Darktrace (UK)
    • 11.10.1. Company Overview
    • 11.10.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.10.3. Products
    • 11.10.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.11. CyberArk (US)
    • 11.11.1. Company Overview
    • 11.11.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.11.3. Products
    • 11.11.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.12. BeyondTrust (US)
    • 11.12.1. Company Overview
    • 11.12.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.12.3. Products
    • 11.12.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.13. Microsoft (US)
    • 11.13.1. Company Overview
    • 11.13.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.13.3. Products
    • 11.13.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.14. Kaspersky (Russia)
    • 11.14.1. Company Overview
    • 11.14.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.14.3. Products
    • 11.14.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.15. Nozomi Networks (US)
    • 11.15.1. Company Overview
    • 11.15.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.15.3. Products
    • 11.15.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.16. Rapid7 (US)
    • 11.16.1. Company Overview
    • 11.16.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.16.3. Products
    • 11.16.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • Analysis by Offering (USD MN)
  • Solutions Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Deployment Mode (USD MN)
  • Cloud Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On Premises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Organization Size (USD MN)
  • SMEs Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Large Enterprises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Vertical (USD MN)
  • Transportation & Logistics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Power (Generation) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas (Distribution) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Operational Technology Security Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Operational Technology Security Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Operational Technology Security Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Offering
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Deployment Mode
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Organization Size
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Vertical
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis by Offering (USD MN)
  • Solutions Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Deployment Mode (USD MN)
  • Cloud Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On Premises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Organization Size (USD MN)
  • SMEs Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Large Enterprises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Vertical (USD MN)
  • Transportation & Logistics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Power (Generation) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas (Distribution) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.