封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1352936

全球抗痤疮化妆品市场研究报告 - 2023年至2030年行业分析、规模、份额、成长、趋势和预测

Global Anti-acne Cosmetics Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2023 to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 176 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

全球抗痘化妆品市场需求预计将从 2022 年的 56.4 亿美元增至 2030 年的近 121 亿美元,2023-2030 年研究期间复合年增长率为 10%。

抗痤疮化妆品用于治疗慢性皮肤病痤疮,痤疮会导致脸部、背部、颈部和肩部出现粉刺、黑头、白头和斑点。抗痤疮化妆品可以帮助清洁皮肤并减少留下疤痕或痕蹟的机会。抗痤疮化妆品包括不同类型的产品,例如用于治疗痤疮的乳液、凝胶、乳霜和肥皂,取决于痤疮的严重程度。抗痤疮化妆品有有机和传统两种类型。

市场动态:

由于皮肤病病例的增加和医疗保健支出的增加,预计抗痤疮化妆品市场将迅速扩大。职业妇女人数的不断增加导致对抗痤疮化妆品的需求旺盛。此外,美学特征的日益重要以及围绕痤疮的社会耻辱感的上升是抗痤疮化妆品市场的主要驱动力。化妆品和个人护理产品支出的增长以及消费者人均可支配收入的增加导致了祛痘化妆品市场的蓬勃发展。此外,不断增长的数位化和电子商务平台销售产品可能会刺激市场成长。此外,人们对各种产品及其功能的认识不断提高预计将推动市场成长。然而,与使用化妆品相关的副作用和过敏可能会阻碍全球抗痤疮化妆品市场的成长。

研究报告涵盖波特五力模型、市场吸引力分析和价值链分析。这些工具有助于清晰地了解行业结构并评估全球范围内的竞争吸引力。此外,这些工具还对全球抗痤疮化妆品市场的各个细分市场进行了包容性评估。抗痤疮化妆品行业的成长和趋势为本研究提供了整体方法。

区域分析:

本节涵盖区域前景,重点介绍北美、欧洲、亚太地区、拉丁美洲、中东和非洲抗痤疮化妆品市场当前和未来的需求。此外,该报告重点关注所有主要地区各个应用领域的需求、估计和预测。

该研究报告还涵盖了市场主要参与者的全面概况以及对全球竞争格局的深入了解。抗痘化妆品市场的主要参与者包括巴黎欧莱雅、Murad LLC(联合利华)、露得清(Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.)、Clinique Laboratories, LLC(雅诗兰黛)、Vichy Laboratories、PCA Skin、Obaji、 Skin Medica、 Skin Better Science、Colorescience、Sente、Jan Marini Skin Research、Revision Skincare、The BeautyHealth Company、Glow Biotics LLC、Perricone MD。本节包含竞争格局的整体视图,包括各种策略发展,例如关键併购、未来产能、合作伙伴关係、财务概况、合作、新产品开发、新产品发布和其他发展。

如果您有任何客製化要求,请写信给我们。我们的研究团队可以根据您的需求提供客製化报告。

目录

第一章:前言

  • 报告说明
    • 客观的
    • 目标受众
    • 独特的销售主张 (USP) 和产品
  • 研究范围
  • 研究方法论
    • 市场研究过程
    • 市场研究方法论

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 市集亮点
  • 全球市场概况

第 3 章:祛痘化妆品 - 产业分析

  • 简介 - 市场动态
  • 市场驱动因素
  • 市场限制
  • 机会
  • 产业动态
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按产品类型
    • 按性别分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 按最终用途分類的市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按地区

第 4 章:价值链分析

  • 价值链分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清单
    • 原料厂商清单
    • 主要原物料价格走势
  • 潜在买家名单
  • 行销管道
    • 直效行销
    • 间接行销
    • 行销通路发展趋势

第 5 章:COVID-19 爆发的影响分析

第 6 章:全球抗痤疮化妆品市场分析:依产品类型

  • 概述:按产品类型
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 分析:依产品类型
  • 面具
  • 乳霜和乳液
  • 洁面乳与爽肤水
  • 其他的

第 7 章:全球抗痤疮化妆品市场分析:按性别

  • 按性别分類的概览
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按性别分析
  • 女性
  • 男士

第 8 章:全球抗痤疮化妆品市场销售分析:依最终用途

  • 按最终用途分類的概述
  • 历史和预测数据
  • 按最终用途分析
  • 皮肤科诊所
  • 医疗水疗中心

第 9 章:全球抗痤疮化妆品市场销售分析:按地理位置

  • 区域展望销售分析
  • 简介 销售分析
  • 北美销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测销售分析
    • 北美按细分市场销售分析
    • 北美按国家销售分析
    • 美国销售分析
    • 加拿大销售分析
    • 墨西哥销售分析
  • 欧洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测销售分析
    • 欧洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 欧洲按国家销售分析
    • 英国销售分析
    • 法国销售分析
    • 德国销售分析
    • 义大利销售分析
    • 俄罗斯销售分析
    • 欧洲其他地区销售分析
  • 亚太地区销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测销售分析
    • 亚太地区按细分市场销售分析
    • 亚太地区国家/地区销售分析
    • 中国销售分析
    • 印度销售分析
    • 日本销售分析
    • 韩国销售分析
    • 澳洲销售分析
    • 亚太地区其他地区销售分析
  • 拉丁美洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按国家销售分析
    • 巴西销售分析
    • 阿根廷销售分析
    • 秘鲁销售分析
    • 智利销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地区销售分析
  • 中东和非洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测销售分析
    • 中东和非洲按细分市场销售分析
    • 中东和非洲国家销售分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯销售分析
    • 阿联酋销售分析
    • 以色列销售分析
    • 南非销售分析
    • 中东其他地区和非洲销售分析

第 10 章:祛痘化妆品公司的竞争格局

  • 祛痘化妆品市场竞争
  • 伙伴关係/协作/协议
  • 併购
  • 新产品发布
  • 其他发展

第 11 章:公司简介

  • 十大公司股票分析
  • 市场集中度
  • L'Oreal Paris
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Murad LLC (Unilever)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Neutrogena (Johnson & Johnson Services)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Clinique Laboratories
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • LLC (ESTEE LAUDER)
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Vichy Laboratories
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • PCA Skin
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Obaji
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Skin Medica
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Skin Better Science
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Colorescience
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Sente
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Jan Marini Skin Research
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Revision Skincare
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • The BeautyHealth Company
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展
  • Glow Biotics LLC
    • 公司简介
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最近的发展

注意 - 在公司概况中,财务详细资讯和近期发展视情况而定,或者如果是私人公司,则可能不包括在内

Product Code: VMR11218819

The global demand for Anti-acne Cosmetics Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 12.1 BN by 2030 from USD 5.64 BN in 2022 with a CAGR of 10% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

Anti-acne cosmetics are used to treat the chronic skin disorder acne, which causes pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and spots on the face, back, neck, and shoulders. Anti-acne cosmetics can aid in skin clearing and reduce the chances of scarring or marks. Anti-acne cosmetics include different types of products such as lotions, gels, creams, and soaps used for acne treatment, depending on the severity of the condition. Anti-acne cosmetics are available in both organic and conventional types.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

The anti-acne cosmetics market is expected to expand rapidly due to the rising cases of skin disorders and increasing healthcare expenditure. The growing number of working female population is resulting in high demand for anti-acne cosmetics products. Moreover, the increasing importance of aesthetic features and the rising social stigma surrounding acne are major drivers of the anti-acne cosmetics market. The growing spending on cosmetics and personal care products and the consumers' rising per capita disposable income resulted in the booming anti-acne cosmetics market growth. Furthermore, growing digitalization and eCommerce platforms for selling the products will likely spur market growth. Additionally, increasing awareness regarding various products and their features is anticipated to propel market growth. However, side effects and allergies associated with the usage of cosmetics may hamper the growth of the global anti-acne cosmetics market.

The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of anti-acne cosmetics. The growth and trends of anti-acne cosmetics industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

This section of the anti-acne cosmetics market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Product Type

  • Mask
  • Creams & Lotions
  • Cleansers & Toners
  • Others

By Gender

  • Women
  • Men

By End-Use

  • Dermatology Clinics
  • MedSpa

REGIONAL ANALYSIS:

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Anti-acne Cosmetics market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the anti-acne cosmetics market include L'Oreal Paris, Murad LLC (Unilever), Neutrogena (Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.), Clinique Laboratories, LLC (ESTEE LAUDER), Vichy Laboratories, PCA Skin, Obaji, Skin Medica, Skin Better Science, Colorescience, Sente, Jan Marini Skin Research, Revision Skincare, The BeautyHealth Company, Glow Biotics LLC, Perricone MD. This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Gender
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-use
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . IMPACT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK

6 . GLOBAL ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT TYPE

  • 6.1 Overview by Product Type
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Product Type
  • 6.4 Mask Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 Creams & Lotions Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.6 Cleansers & Toners Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.7 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS MARKET ANALYSIS BY GENDER

  • 7.1 Overview by Gender
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by Gender
  • 7.4 Women Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 Men Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS MARKET SALES ANALYSIS BY END-USE

  • 8.1 Overview by End-use
  • 8.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 8.3 Analysis by End-use
  • 8.4 Dermatology Clinics Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.5 MedSpa Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

9 . GLOBAL ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS MARKET SALES ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 9.1. Regional Outlook Sales Analysis
  • 9.2. Introduction Sales Analysis
  • 9.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 9.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 9.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.9. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 9.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 9.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

10 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS COMPANIES

  • 10.1. Anti-Acne Cosmetics Market Competition
  • 10.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 10.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 10.4. New Product Launch
  • 10.5. Other Developments

11 . COMPANY PROFILES OF ANTI-ACNE COSMETICS INDUSTRY

  • 11.1. Top 10 Company Share Analysis
  • 11.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 11.3. L'Oreal Paris
    • 11.3.1. Company Overview
    • 11.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.3.3. Products
    • 11.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.4. Murad LLC (Unilever)
    • 11.4.1. Company Overview
    • 11.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.4.3. Products
    • 11.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.5. Neutrogena (Johnson & Johnson Services)
    • 11.5.1. Company Overview
    • 11.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.5.3. Products
    • 11.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.6. Clinique Laboratories
    • 11.6.1. Company Overview
    • 11.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.6.3. Products
    • 11.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.7. LLC (ESTEE LAUDER)
    • 11.7.1. Company Overview
    • 11.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.7.3. Products
    • 11.7.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.8. Vichy Laboratories
    • 11.8.1. Company Overview
    • 11.8.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.8.3. Products
    • 11.8.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.9. PCA Skin
    • 11.9.1. Company Overview
    • 11.9.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.9.3. Products
    • 11.9.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.10. Obaji
    • 11.10.1. Company Overview
    • 11.10.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.10.3. Products
    • 11.10.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.11. Skin Medica
    • 11.11.1. Company Overview
    • 11.11.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.11.3. Products
    • 11.11.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.12. Skin Better Science
    • 11.12.1. Company Overview
    • 11.12.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.12.3. Products
    • 11.12.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.13. Colorescience
    • 11.13.1. Company Overview
    • 11.13.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.13.3. Products
    • 11.13.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.14. Sente
    • 11.14.1. Company Overview
    • 11.14.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.14.3. Products
    • 11.14.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.15. Jan Marini Skin Research
    • 11.15.1. Company Overview
    • 11.15.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.15.3. Products
    • 11.15.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.16. Revision Skincare
    • 11.16.1. Company Overview
    • 11.16.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.16.3. Products
    • 11.16.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.17. The BeautyHealth Company
    • 11.17.1. Company Overview
    • 11.17.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.17.3. Products
    • 11.17.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.18. Glow Biotics LLC
    • 11.18.1. Company Overview
    • 11.18.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.18.3. Products
    • 11.18.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • Analysis by Product Type (USD MN)
  • Mask Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Creams & Lotions Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Cleansers & Toners Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Gender (USD MN)
  • Women Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Men Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by End-use (USD MN)
  • Dermatology Clinics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • MedSpa Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Anti-Acne Cosmetics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Anti-Acne Cosmetics Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Anti-Acne Cosmetics Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Gender
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by End-use
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis by Product Type (USD MN)
  • Mask Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Creams & Lotions Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Cleansers & Toners Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Gender (USD MN)
  • Women Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Men Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by End-use (USD MN)
  • Dermatology Clinics Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • MedSpa Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market by Revenue
  • North America Market by Revenue
  • Europe Market by Revenue
  • Asia Pacific Market by Revenue
  • Latin America Market by Revenue
  • Middle East & Africa Market by Revenue
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.